一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类 1．阅读理解
Three months after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Rebecca Sell, then 24, a photojournalist for Fredericksburg photographed a New Orleans couple worriedly examining water-spotted photo albums. As she took the photo, something within her clicked. \"I told them I could take the ruined pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored (修复) photos,\" she recalls. Although a bit sceptical, the couple agreed. Rebecca took their photos home, restored them and took them to the couple at their temporary home. \"It felt so good to be able to do that for them,\" says Rebecca. When her editor, Dave Ellis, saw the photo of the couple, he suggested they go back and restore damaged photos for even more people. So in January 2006, with paid time off from the paper, the two set up shop in Pass Christian. After posting a notice in the community newsletter, Rebecca and Dave received 500 photos in four days. For each, the pair took a new digital picture, then used high-tech software to erase water spots and restore colors. It just so happened that a popular website linked to Dave's blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue, as it came to be known, had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help.
Though digital restoration is a painstaking process, mending irreplaceable family pictures means the world to victims like Emily Lancaster, 71, who took out piles of ruined photo albums after Katrina, never thinking the mess could be saved. But she just couldn't bear to part with a few treasured pictures, including a portrait of her father, who had passed away, and a photo of her husband as a boy. Then she heard about Operation Photo Rescue. \"I didn't have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,\" Emily says. \"Almost every day I think about all the pictures I've lost. I'm so happy to have these two.\"
In the five years since Katrina, Operation Photo Rescue has collected thousands of pictures ruined by floods, hurricanes and tornadoes. Volunteers make \"copy runs\" to disaster areas across the country to gather damaged photos from survivors; operating costs are covered by donations. \"It's great to be able to give people some of their history back,\" says Rebecca. \"One person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away. Moments like that remind me why I do this.\"
（1）When Rebecca took the picture of the New Orleans couple, she decided to . A. take them to their temporary home B. help with their damaged photos C. set up shop in Pass Christian D. cover Hurricane Katrina （2）From Paragraph 2, we know that Dave and Rebecca .
A. quit their jobs in 2006 B. inspired volunteers to join them
C. spent four days mending the photos D. made their work known in their newspaper （3）How did Emily Lancaster feel when she first heard about Operation Photo Rescue? A. Excited. B. Hopeless. C. Satisfied. D. Sceptical. （4）What is the best title for the passage?
A. Surviving Hurricanes B. An Act of Generosity C. Saving Memories D. A Lucky Couple
【答案】 （1）B （2）B （3）D （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，摄影记者丽贝卡塞尔和编辑戴夫·埃利斯通过照片修复，他们让很多人丢失的记忆得到恢复，同时，也赢得了人们的肯定。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"I told them I could take the ruined pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored (修复) photos,\" 可知，摄影记者丽贝卡塞尔会帮助他们修复受损的照片。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”It just so happened that a popular website linked to Dave's blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue, as it came to be known, had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help.“后来被称为\"照片救援行动\"的网站，收到了数百名志愿者的电子邮件，其中包括摄影师和修复专家，他们都渴望提供帮助，可知，他们的行动鼓舞了其他的志愿者加入。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的\"’I didn't have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,‘ Emily says. ”艾米丽说:\"能修好它们，我没有抱太大的希望，但他们做到了。\"从而可以推断出，艾米丽最初对能够修复照片是怀疑的。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的\"It's great to be able to give people some of their history back,\" says Rebecca. \"One person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away. Moments like that remind me why I do this.\"可知，通过照片修复，他们让很多人丢失的记忆得到恢复，同时，也赢得了人们的肯定。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the \"Nobel Prize\" of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize --- the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation --- for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 61-year-old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds' nests and hatching(孵化)them under incubators, prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also been necessary in efforts to bring other rare
species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof Jones was awarded the $250,000 (£172,000) prize at a ceremony in London.
\"As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn't enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received,\" reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Maurutius kestrel project had been seen as a \"dead loss\" at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time eight years ago, at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
（1）What does the underlined word \"accolade\" mean in Paragraph 2?
A. return B. level C. honor D. research （2）According to the passage, Great Auk is ________.
A. an endangered bird B. an extinct bird C. a popular bird D. a fierce bird （3）What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4? A. Taking eggs from the nests has worked well. B. The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot. C. Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild. D. It's difficult to protect kestrel.
（4）Prof Jones' idea of taking eggs from the birds' nests ________. A. was proved of no use B. was widely accepted C. was promoted officially D. was criticized by some people 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了生物学家 Carl Jones 通过人工繁殖的方式是濒临灭绝的鸟类的数量逐渐增加，并且因此获得了2016年的印第安的波利斯奖。 （1）考查词义猜测。第二段中的“for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel from becoming the next Great Auk.”是对前面句子的补充说明，再由“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”可推知，这里的accolade与获奖有关，故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“where he saved an endangered kestrel from becoming the next Great Auk”可知，他保护了濒临灭绝的红隼，使他免于遭受Great Auk的情况，因此可知Great Auk是一种已经灭绝的鸟类，选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. ”可知红隼的数量已经开始增加了，所以推断出人工繁殖的方法很有效，故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第一段“A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the \"Nobel Prize\" of conservation after his
methods saved nine species from extinction.”；以及倒数第二段中的“In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.”可知 Jones 教授从稀有鸟类的巢穴中取出鸟蛋的行为被一些人批评，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
PTSD(战后创伤) is sadly a common affliction(折磨) for many soldiers who have witnessed conflict, an invisible wound that continues to cause incredible suffering long after the guns have fallen silent.
\"A lot of us come home without realizing we are bringing the war home with us,\" said Josh Marino, a veteran (退伍兵)of the Iraq war who suffered the effects of PTSD of suicide . \"I didn't want to deal with it anymore,\" Marino said. He wrote a goodbye note, grabbed a knife and went outside for a final cigarette in the rain. But then, from the deepest depth of despair came hope. Meowing out of the bushes next to him came a stray black and white kitten (小猫) which, according to Marino, \"just walked up and started rubbing up against my leg and let me pet him. I came to life again and I broke down crying. I burst into tears.\"
From this accidental encounter everything changed. Marino found a new purpose in life through the friendly cat, who he named Scout, and who he credits with saving his life. \"I stopped thinking about all my problems, and started thinking about all his problems, and what I could do to help him, \"Marino said. The bond between them was instant，but that wasn't the end of the story.
Marino has made a video of his and Scout's remarkable story of healing and heartbreak which you can watch on the Internet. The story is dedicated to showing how animals can help humans through tough times, as well as humans can help them. It is a beautiful story that is sure to tug at your heart strings, showing just how powerful the bond between humans and animals can be. We love it, and we hope you do too!
（1）What can we get from the first two paragraphs? A. Taking part in the Iraq war had bad effects on Josh Marino. B. Josh Marino wounded badly during the Iraq war. C. PTSD is a kind of disease which cannot be cured now. D. PTSD usually happens after the soldiers drop their guns.
（2）Why did Josh Marino suddenly burst into tears according to the passage? A. He just couldn't help crying.
B. The little cat gave him hope to treasure life. C. The wild little cat attacked him so badly.
D. He suddenly realized that the cat came to help him on purpose. （3）What is the best title for the passage? A. PTSD- a disease cured by a soldier.
B. The man and the cat.
C. A rescue between a soldier and a cat. D. How can a cat be used to stop suicide 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记述文，退伍军人Marino患上了PTSD(战后创伤)，在他准备自杀时一只小猫出现寻求他的抚摸，小猫的出现给了他生活的希望，改变了他的生活。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Josh Marino, a veteran of the Iraq war who suffered the effects of PTSD of suicide”可知Marino参加了伊拉克战争，战后患上了PTSD，并因为PTSD的影响想自杀。这说明参加伊拉克战争对Marino产生了不好的影响，故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Meowing out of the bushes next to him came a stray black and white kitten (小猫) which， ….I broke down crying. I burst into tears.”可知在Marino准备自杀的时候，一只小猫从灌木丛走出来蹭他的腿,让他抚摸自己。这让他又活了过来并哭了。由此可以推断小猫的出现给了他生活的希望，他因此而哭泣。故选B。
（3）考查主旨大意。本文讲述了小猫的出现给了想要自杀的退伍军人Marino生活的希望，拯救了Marino, C项（士兵与小猫之间的救赎）最能体现本文大意，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
If we want to find out what kind of technology people used in the past, we normally have to rely on archaeologists to find ruined buildings and parts of tools or instruments or machines. Archaeologists then try to reconstruct, sometimes with the help of computer technology, what these ancient buildings and objects must have looked like, and how they might have been made. Sometimes historians are lucky and find an ancient document with a written description of these ancient buildings and objects.
We can understand, then, why Chinese historians were so excited when they found cave paintings which show ancient science. They found these paintings in the world-renowned Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang City, in Northwest China's Gansu Province. There are 500 man-made caves and they have survived for at least 1,600 years. Almost all of these caves have paintings on their ceilings or walls and they date from the 4th to 14th centuries. Wang Jinyu is an expert on these cave paintings (also called frescoes) and he says: \"We discovered frescoes containing scientific and technological content in almost all of the caves which have frescoes.\" What is remarkable about these cave paintings according to the Xinhua News Agency is that they provide evidence of \"scientific and technological inventions by ancient Chinese in maths, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, agronomy, architecture, textiles, traffic and transportation, arms and military equipment and medical sciences\".
Among the discoveries experts have made are cave paintings showing ancient techniques of pottery making and wine production and paintings showing ancient weaving machines and then
toothbrushes! The paintings also give some evidence of the lifestyle at the time with, for example, pictures of people boiling milk over 1,000 years ago. Experts believe that there is more evidence to be found, but even now the caves are a wonderful natural museum. If the walls and ceilings of the caves were all put together they would form a tapestry 20 kilometers long and 2 meters high! It won't be possible to travel back in time-that only happens in films-but visiting these caves would be the nearest experience you could get to travelling back in time.
（1）Why were Chinese historians excited when they found cave paintings showing ancient science?
A. Because they had rarely seen cave paintings. B. Because they could make the place a tourist attraction. C. Because they could learn about ancient science through them. D. Because they would be given lots of money for the discovery. （2）The Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang City______. A. have 500 man-made caves
B. have been there for at most 1,600 years C. help us to know little about ancient science D. have paintings on their ceilings in every cave
（3）Experts had discovered cave paintings showing the ancient techniques of ______. A. pottery making and wine production B. weaving machines and toothbrushes C. boiling milk over 1,000 years ago D. architecture and weaving （4）The article is more likely to be selected from the magazine ______.
A. Modern Countries B. Business World C. Network World D. Popular Science 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了科学家们在中国甘肃的敦煌莫高窟的洞穴中发现了反映古代科学的壁画。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"What is remarkable about these cave paintings according to the Xinhua News Agency is that they provide evidence of \"scientific and technological inventions by ancient Chinese in maths, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, agronomy, architecture, textiles, traffic and transportation, arms and military equipment and medical sciences\"可知，这些壁画为中国古代在数学、物理、化学、天文，地理、建筑以及农学等领域的科技发明提供了证据，由此可知科学家们对此感到很兴奋的原因是他们可以通过这些壁画了解古代的科学，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"There are 500 man-made caves and they have survived for at least 1,600 years.\"可知，敦煌莫高窟有500个人工洞穴，故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"Among the discoveries experts have made are cave paintings showing ancient techniques of pottery making and wine production and paintings\"可知，科学家发现壁画中展示了古代制陶和酿酒技术，故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了科学家们在中国甘肃敦煌莫高窟的洞穴中发现了反映古代科学的壁画，这属于科学范畴，因此文章最有可能出自科学杂志，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
\"Don't answer it,\" I said to Sam. Our door in the inner city is constantly knocked on; our previous door in the suburbs rarely so. Sam has a full-time job and cannot spend his days answering requests to fix leaking baths or carry cash to the bank. Sam opened the door and it was Mervin.
\"There's a bird on the second floor,\" he said. \"It's in trouble.\"
Sam followed Mervin upstairs. Mervin pointed and turned to let Sam look. It was a pigeon, the most common of all birds, the bird most likely to foul (弄脏) your newly washed car. And it wasn't flying away. It was stamping in circles. As Sam bent to look, Mervin coughed, \"Number two.\" Sam asked him to repeat that. \"Number two,\" Mervin said. \"The pigeon has been sitting in his own number two, and now it's stuck to his foot.\"
It had rained for five days, and the bird was young. It could have been sheltering in a wet nest of its own waste, which had then dried on its foot, preventing it from flying away. The pigeon moved in a few more circles. Sam bent to take another look. Mervin said, \"All right, then.\" and walked away.
\"Why does everyone think you must solve the problems around here?\" I said to Sam when he returned with his story. \"It's a bird. Just leave it on the stairs, and let nature take its course.\" Sam didn't agree. Then he went to the garage and emptied the cardboard box containing our imported camping mats. He returned with the gray pigeon in the box. He showed the bird to our children and they decided to keep it.
They put its foot in the warm water bath and got rid of its waste. Immediately the pigeon erupted in a bomb of feathers and began flying. （1）How did the author feel about the knocks?
A. She felt bored. B. She was frightened. C. She got excited. D. She was surprised. （2）Why was the pigeon moving in circles?
A. It was learning to fly. B. It was badly injured. C. It got caught in the rain. D. It was trapped by its waste. （3）What did Sam use the cardboard box to do? A. Shelter from rain. B. Give it to Mervin. C. Wash camping mats. D. Make a nest for the bird. （4）What can we learn about Sam from the text?
A. He was brave. B. He was clever. C. He was warm-hearted. D. He was easy-going. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Sam如何救助一只鸽子。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ Don't answer it ”及“Sam has a full-time job and cannot spend his days answering requests to fix leaking baths or carry cash to the bank”可知，作者让Sam不要应门，因为她对那些找Sam的人不断的敲门感到厌烦。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“It could have been sheltering in a wet nest of its own waste, which had then dried on its foot, preventing it from flying away”可知，鸽子栖身在自己粪便的湿窝里，其粪便在脚上晾干了，阻止它飞走。所以它是被自己的粪便困住了。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“Then he went to the garage and emptied the cardboard box containing our imported camping mats. He returned with the gray pigeon in the box. He showed the bird to our children and they decided to keep it”可知，他把纸板箱倒空并用纸箱把鸽子带回来养，所以推断出Sam用纸板箱做鸟巢。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。全文介绍了Sam如何救助一只鸽子，由此可以推断出Sam很有爱心。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
It can be a real struggle trying to learn a new language. I had always enjoyed learning languages in school, but only recently did I start learning German. I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily, but when it came to literature, I really struggled. That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some children's books printed in the target language.
At first, I felt a bit silly going on a hunt for a book designed for someone half my age, lout then I realised that everyone has to start somewhere. As children, we are given these basic texts to familiarise our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures, and from there, we can learn and develop. I started with books which are taught to us as children in the UK. I managed to find Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl.
The beauty of reading books that were introduced to you as a child is that you are already familiar with the plot. As a result, you can work out some of the definitions of words with your prior knowledge of the story. At first, I used to read with the book in one hand and a dictionary in the other, but this method did not work well for me. The method I would recommend is to read a chapter of your chosen children's book and at the end of that chapter, highlight the words you do not know and then look up the definitions. If you can wait a bit before you use a dictionary, you may be surprised what you can get merely from the context of the sentence in the story. Additionally, a lot of children's books have pictures which may give you a clue as to what or to whom the passage is referring.
（1）Why was the author advised to read children's books? A. Because she was weak in reading great works. B. Because she was slow to learn language.
C. Because she liked children's literature. D. Because she couldn't remember any words.
（2）What can kids get from children's books according to the passage? A. Vocabulary and listening skills. B. Learning methods. C. Words and structures. D. Designing skills.
（3）What causes the author feel surprised while reading children's books? A. Grasping the context from the pictures.
B. Looking up the definitions of words from a dictionary. C. Getting familiar with the plots of the story. D. Understanding the words simply from the context. （4）What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Reading Children's Books B. The Way of Learning Languages C. The Method of Using Dictionary D. My Good Reading Habits 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）D （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在学德语，因为看不懂文学作品，开始看德语儿童书籍，得到了意外的惊喜。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily, but when it came to literature, I really struggled. That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some children's books printed in the target language.”可知作者只能理解单个的字词，理解不了文学作品，所以她的导师建议她看一些用目标语言写的儿童书。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“As children, we are given these basic texts to familiarise our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures”可知儿童在看儿童书时可以熟知其中的词汇和写作结构，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If you can wait a bit before you use a dictionary, you may be surprised what you can get merely from the context of the sentence in the story.”可知作者认为如果先不急着用字典，你会为你从语境里得到的东西而惊讶。字典是用于查词的，这里作者想表达的就是先不用字典，从语境可以猜出词义，选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。全文作者讲述了她读儿童书的经历以及读儿童书的好处，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
The boy sat on his chair, with his hand above the keyboard. He thought about what to write. He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again.\" WRITING COMPETITION!\" the title read.
His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story. The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed at how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number\" 248\" staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet. Then he heard the call of his mother saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost thinking about a topic to write. Finally, he finished. The word count now read\"498\".
\"Perfect,\" he thought,\" just under the word limit.\" He knew this was the story that would win. He went onto Google and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no \"Enter\" button.
（1）What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?
A. A new computer. B. The prize money. C. His own interest. D. His mom's advice. （2）How did the boy finish his earlier writing?
A. His mom helped him. B. He copied others' ideas. C. His friends assisted him. D. He used his imagination. （3）Why did the boy delay his writing?
A. Because he was terribly lazy. B. Because he didn't know what to write. C. Because he wasn't confident. D. Because he read too many stories. （4）Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?
A. 100. B. 250. C. 500. D. 1000. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个男孩，在妈妈的建议下，参加了写作比赛。一开始，他不知道写些什么，后来，有了创作的灵感，文章一气呵成。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition”可知这个男孩妈妈的建议使这个男孩参加了写作比赛，故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.”他写的每一个故事都是根据其他故事改编的。他缺乏想象力，不幸的是，想象力是写作的关键。由此推断出这个男孩是通过抄袭别人的想法，来完成他早期的写作的，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.”突然，他灵光一闪。这一次，他想出了一个新颖而富
有想象力的故事。由此推断出，男孩推迟写作是因为他不知道该写什么，故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“Finally, he finished. The word count now read‘498’.”以及倒数第二段中的“‘Perfect,’ he thought,‘ just under the word limit.’He knew this was the story that would win.”可知他写了498个字，刚好在字数限制内，由此推断出每篇文章的最大字数限制是500字，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
When Katie Stagliano was 9 years old, she was given a class project to grow her first cabbage from just one seed. She took it home and planted it in her home garden. It didn't even take her long to come up and begin to grow. But as friends came over, they pointed out that it was bigger than any of theirs. And it grew so much that the cabbage ended up weighing 40 pounds! Katie then decided that she could use this cabbage to do something nice for the community. So she took the huge cabbage to a local soup kitchen, where they used it, and cooked it with ham and rice. And because of her cabbage, 275 people were fed.
She began to realize that gardening and helping people is what she likes to do most. So, she decided to start her first garden on a plot of land donated by her school.
\"I think if more kids get to experience gardening they would find out how cool it is and how many people can be fed if you donate your produce,\" said Katie. Now, just 9 years later, Katie is 18 years old, and has set up her own business called \"Katie's Krops\" with the help of her family friends.
But this doesn't even come close to the other amazing part. She has raised over 200,000 dollars! And there are over 100 Katie's Krops within 33 states in the United States. She loves gardening and loves inspiring other children to experience the joy of gardening as well. As of today, her first garden is still doing amazing and is even responsible for supplying over 3,000 pounds of produce donated to local charities. Her goal now? To get 500 gardens across all 50 states. （1）How did Katie deal with her first cabbage?
A. sharing it with her community. B. Presenting it to the school kitchen. C. Eating it with her family. D. Giving it to her friends. （2）What inspired Katie to help others by gardening?
A. The support from her school. B. The gardening and sharing experience. C. The encouragement of community. D. The admiration of her friends. （3）Why does Katie suggest more children learn to garden?
A. She thinks gardening is cool. B. She needs more people to help her. C. She hopes to earn more money. D. She wants them to experience the joy. （4）What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. The brief introduction of Katie's Krops. B. The amazing benefits of gardening. C. Katie's achievement and future aim. D. The joy of gardening and donation. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B
（3）D （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Katie小时候体验到了种植和利用种出来的作物帮助别人的乐趣，因此开启了她的慈善事业。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Katie then decided that she could use this cabbage to do something nice for the community. So she took the huge cabbage to a local soup kitchen, where they used it, and cooked it with ham and rice. And because of her cabbage, 275 people were fed. ”可知，Katie用这个大白菜为社区做了一些事情，把大白菜送去一个当地的流动厨房，在那里供275个人食用，故可知，她把大白菜与人分享，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“She began to realize that gardening and helping people is what she likes to do most.”可知，园艺和帮助别人是自己最喜欢做的事情，因而开启了她的慈善生涯，故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“She loves gardening and loves inspiring other children to experience the joy of gardening as well.”可知，她喜欢园艺，喜欢激发其他孩子会体验园艺带来的乐趣，故选D。
（4）考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“She has raised over 200,000 dollars! And there are over 100 Katie's Krops within 33 states in the United States.”可知，筹集了超过20万美元，在美国33个州有超过100个Katie's Krops。再根据本段中的“Her goal now? To get 500 gardens across all 50 states.”可知，本段讲述了的慈善事业的成就以及未来的目标，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和段落大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，概括，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Nine years ago, a few days before Christmas, I was a director at a company in San Francisco, and I was called into a meeting that was already in progress. That meeting turned out to be my exit interview. I was 64 years old at the time. It wasn't completely unexpected. I signed a pile of papers and left the company.
So, 40 plus years of employment was over. I had a good reputation and background. Retirement was not a choice for me. I wanted to do something. And then an idea came into my mind, born from my concern for our environment. I wanted to build my own business, designing and producing biodegradable(可生物降解的)packaging from waste. This is called clean technology, and it was really meaningful to me. It could help reduce billions of pounds of single-use plastic packaging wasted each year.
Five years later, I'm delighted and proud to share with you that our income has doubled every year and we have no debt. Meanwhile, I have a wonderful partner, and we've won more than 20 awards for the work that we've done.
And I am doing the most rewarding and meaningful work of my life right now. But what I really long for is to find other first-time entrepreneurs(企业家)who are my age. I want to connect with them.
So I want to do something about that in a few years. I want us to start talking more about
people who don't become entrepreneurs until they are seniors. And then connecting all of them across industries, regions and countries—building a community. （1）What happened to the author nine years ago?
A. He retired from his former company. B. He failed an interview.
C. He had a good family background. D. He changed his job to a better one. （2）Why was the new business meaningful to the author?
A. It was beneficial to the environment. B. It developed a clean technology. C. It provided jobs for lots of people. D. It brought in quite a lot of money. （3）What is the author's attitude to the development of his own company? A. Cautious. B. Disappointed. C. Ambiguous. D. Positive. （4）What does the author plan to do in the future? A. To do something else about environment. B. To help people who want to become successful. C. To meet more people from different backgrounds. D. To build a community for senior entrepreneurs. 【答案】 （1）A （2）A （3）D （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了64岁的作者退休后开创了自己的事业，成为一位老年企业家的故事。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“That meeting turned out to be my exit interview. I was 64 years old at the time. It wasn't completely unexpected.\"及第二段中的“Retirement was not a choice for me.\"可知，9年前的那个会议是64岁的作者的离职面谈，由此可知，9年前作者从原来的公司退休了，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It could help reduce billions of pounds of single-use plastic packaging wasted each year.\"可知，新事业对作者很有意义是因为它每年可以帮助减少数十亿磅的一次性塑料包装的浪费，也就是对环境有好处，故选A。
（3）考查观点态度。根据第三段中的“Five years later, I'm delighted and proud to share with you that our income has doubled every year and we have no debt. Meanwhile, I have a wonderful partner, and we've won more than 20 awards for the work that we've done.\"可知，作者的公司每年的收入都翻番，而且还与一个合作者一起赢得了20多个奖项，由此可知，作者对自己公司的发展的态度是积极的，故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“And then connecting all of them across industries, regions and countries—building a community.\"可知，作者计划将来为来自不同行业、地区和国家的老年企业家建立一个社区，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和观点态度两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Abraham Lincoln, a self-taught lawyer, was elected 16th president of the United States in November 1860, shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War. Lincoln proved to be a smart military strategist and a competent leader: His Emancipation Proclamation (解放宣言) paved the way for slavery's abolition, while his Gettysburg Address stands as one of the most famous speeches in American history. In April 1865, with the Union on the brink of victory, Abraham Lincoln was killed; his untimely death made him a hero to the cause of liberty, and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest presidents in U.S. history.
On January 20, 1981, Reagan took office. Only 69 days later he was shot by a would-be killer, but quickly recovered and returned to duty. His grace and wit during the dangerous incident caused his popularity to soar.
At the end of his two terms in office, Ronald Reagan viewed with satisfaction the achievements of his innovative program known as the Reagan Revolution, which aimed to motivate the American people and reduce their reliance upon Government. He felt he had fulfilled his campaign pledge of 1980 to restore \"the great, confident roar of American progress and growth and optimism.\"
When George W. Bush, at the age of 54, became the 43rd president of the United States, it was only the second time in American history that a president's son went on to the White House. John Quincy Adams, elected the sixth president in 1824, was the son of John Adams, the second president. While John Adams had brought up his son to be president. George Bush, the 41st president, insisted he was surprised when the eldest of his six children became interested in politics, became governor of Texas, and then went on to the white House.
Barack Obama served as the 44th President of the United States. His story is the American story—values from the heartland, a middle-class upbringing in a strong family, hard work and education as the means of getting ahead, and the belief that a life so blessed should be lived in service to others.
With a father from Kenva and a mother from Kansas, President Obama was born in Hawaii on August 4, 1961. He was raised with help from his grandfather, who served in Patton's army, and his grandmother, who worked her way up from the secretarial pool to middle management at a bank.
（1）Of the four presidents, who is regarded as an excellent public speaker? A. Abraham Lincoln. B. Ronald Reagan. C. George W. Bush. D. Barack Obama. （2）When Donald Reagan left the White House, he felt that ________. A. he regretted having been elected President B. he still had much to do for the country C. he had kept his promise to the people D. he was becoming more popular with the people
（3）Which of the following presidents took office first?
A. George W Bush. B. John Adams. C. John Quincy Adams. D. George Bush. （4）Of the four presidents, who successfully realized his American Dream? A. Abraham Lincoln. B. Ronald Reagan. C. George W. Bush. D. Barack Obama. （5）Of the four presidents, who was not able to finish his term of service? A. Abraham Lincoln. B. Ronald Reagan. C. George W. Bush. D. Barack Obama. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）B （4）D （5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四位美国总统的生平事迹。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一部分中的“His Emancipation Proclamation (解放宣言) paved the way for slavery's abolition, while his Gettysburg Address stands as one of the most famous speeches in American history.”可推断Abraham Lincoln的葛底斯堡演说是美国历史上最著名的演说之一，即可知Abraham Lincoln被认为是一位出色的演说家。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“He felt he had fulfilled his campaign pledge of 1980 to restore ‘the great, confident roar of American progress and growth and optimism.、’\"可知当Donald Reagan离开白宫时，他觉得自己已经实现了1980年的竞选承诺，故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“John Quincy Adams, elected the sixth president in 1824, was the son of John Adams, the second president.”可知1824年当选美国第六任总统的约翰·昆西·亚当斯是第二任总统约翰·亚当斯的儿子。可知John Adams为第二任总统，是下列四位总统中最先上台的，故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“His story is the American story—values from the heartland, a middle-class upbringing in a strong family, hard work and education as the means of getting ahead, and the belief that a life so blessed should be lived in service to others.”可知Barack Obama的故事就是美国的故事，他成功地践行了美国人的价值观，实现了他的美国梦。故选D。
（5）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In April 1865, with the Union on the brink of victory, Abraham Lincoln was killed”可知1865年4月，当联邦处于胜利的边缘时，亚伯拉罕·林肯被杀了，因此没有完成他的任期。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
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