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2015年4月全国高等教育自学考试试题

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2015年4月全国高等教育自学考试试题

英语（一）试卷

本试卷共8页，满分100分；考试时间150分钟。

第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分）

下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

The Greatest Gift

One day, I was telling my mother about a new girl in school. Suddenly she asked, \"Who are your two best friends, Helen?\" \"Jill and Jaime.\"

\"Well, what about Karen and Cindy?\" \"I don't know who their best friends are.\"

\"No,\"she said.\"I mean, why aren't they your best friends?\"She seemed upset and hurt. \"But they're my sisters.\"

\"Yes, but they can still be your best friends. Friends may come and go, but your sisters will always be there for you.\"

At the time, the idea of my sisters being my closest friends seemed strange to me.We used to fight over toys, food, attention and what to watch on television. But my mother never let the three of us forget it:sisters are lifelong friends. Her wish was to give us something that she had never had. When she gave birth to three daughters, the fulfillment（实现）of her dream had only just begun. She had given us each a gift—our sisters—and she wanted to make sure we did not take that gift for granted.She would frequently tell us how lucky we were, constantly take us to places together so we grew closer, and would even punish us equally, giving us yet another bonding（亲密关系）experience.

It was somewhere in between Mom's lectures, the family vacations and the shared memories that we realized that Mom was right. Today I share things with my sisters that I share with noone else. My sister Cindy and I ran the New York City Marathon together, side by side, holding hands when crossing the finishing line. When Karen got married, I was her maid of honor.The three of us trust each other with our greatest secrets.

It was twenty-three years ago that my mother first asked me who my two best friends were.Today she doesn't have t. She already knows.

1.【题干】One day, one of Hele's sisters asked her to be her best friend. 【选项】 A．True B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】B

【解析】由文章开头妈妈和Helen的对话可知，妈妈告诉Helen，她的两个姐姐应成为她最好的朋友，而并不是Helen的一个姐姐让Helen成为她最好的朋友。题干的表述与

文章不一致，故选B。【考点】

2.【题干】Mom believed that sisters should be the best friends to each other. 【选项】 A．True B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】A

【解析】由第七段可知，妈妈认为Helen应和她的姐姐们彼此成为好朋友。题干的表述与文章一致，故选A。【考点】

3.【题干】Helen fund it easy to accept the idea of having her sisters as her best friends. 【选项】 A．True B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】B 【解析】由第八段第一句可知，在当时，把姐姐们作为她最亲密的朋友这个想法让Helen感觉很奇怪，所以对Helen来说是不容易接受的。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。【考点】

4.【题干】Helen and her sisters never argued and fought. 【选项】 A．True B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】B

【解析】由第八段第二句可知，Helen常常和姐姐们因为玩具、食物、关怀和看电视节目而争吵。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。【考点】

5.【题干】To help her daughters become best friends, Mom sent them to the same school. 【选项】 A．True

B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】C

【解析】文章并没有提及妈妈把Helen和她的姐姐们送往同一个学校，故选C。【考点】

6.【题干】Helen's sisters were the greatest gift that Mom gave Helen. 【选项】 A．True B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】A

【解析】由第八段可知，妈妈生了三个女儿，并且经常会告诉她们有多幸运，让她们一起玩耍，也一起受罚，目的就是想告诉她们彼此是最好的朋友，是给彼此最好的礼物。故选A。【考点】

7.【题干】Mom punished the sisters equally to make them understand they were connected by blood tie. 【选项】 A．True B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】A

【解析】由第八段最后一句中的\"and would even punish us equally, giving us yet another bonding（亲密关系）experience\"可知，妈妈让女儿们同等受罚，就是想让她们知道她们是最亲密的人，是有血缘亲情的。故选A。【考点】

8.【题干】Helen and Cindy's friendship was shown by their running the New York Marathon together. 【选项】 A．True B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】A

【解析】由倒数第二段第三句可知，Helen和姐姐Cindy一起跑了纽约马拉松，当冲过

终点线时，她们肩并肩，手拉手。从这里可以看出她们之间的姐妹情深，故选A。【考点】

9.【题干】Helen's sister Cindy was not married. 【选项】 A．True B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】C

【解析】文章倒数第二段只提到Karen结婚了，但并未提及Cindy是否结婚，故选C。【考点】

10.【题干】The three sisters seldom share their secrets. 【选项】 A．True B．False C．NotGiven 【答案】B

【解析】由倒数第二段最后一句可知，她们三姐妹彼此很信任，都能分享自己最大的秘密。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。【考点】

第二部分：阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项。

Hares and Rabbits

One of the gentlest of all animals is the hare. When you consider how mild this animal is, you might wonder how it can survive in a world full of enemies. But then you've also probably noticed its strong hind（后面的）legs. Those legs give it plenty of speed. And you know how rapidly hares and rabbits breed（繁殖）. That’s another reason why they manage to survive. Hares and rabbits have long, sharp front teeth. Their hind legs are longer than their front legs so that they run faster uphill than downhill. When they are hunted, they use tricks such as taking huge leaps to break the smell or signal danger to each other by hitting the ground with their hind feet. Hares and rabbits are purely vegetarians（素食者）. They can live very well on the inner bark f trees.

There are many differences between hares and rabbits. Hares are larger, and their feet and ears are longer. Hares do not dig holes or live in groups, as do rabbits. Hares are born pen-eyed and with thick fur, while rabbits are born blind and hairless.

North America is the home of many different types of hares. One of the best known is the jack

hare, a large hare with very long ears. Jacks are so fast that they can sometimes make a leap of six meters.

The March hare, whom we know from Alice in Wonderland, is a common European hare. In March, they are always busy in mating, thus acquiring its name.

Unlike hares, rabbits are social animals, living together in holes. A rabbit may mate when it is six months old and its young are born within a month. So if the rabbit has no natural enemies, it can become quite a pest.

11.【题干】People are curious about the survival of the hare because_____. 【选项】

A．their legs are not strong enough B．their growth is not fast enough C．they are too gentle D．they run too slow 【答案】C

【解析】事实细节题。由第一段第一、二句可知，野兔是最温顺的动物之一，当你在想这个动物有多温顺时，你可能想知道在一个满是敌人的世界上它是怎样存活的。因为野兔很温顺，故人们对它们能够幸存很好奇。故选C。【考点】

12.【题干】Hares and rabbits use tricks when they_____. 【选项】 A．run uphill B．are hunted C．signal danger D．take huge leaps 【答案】B

【解析】事实细节题。由第二段第三句可知，当野兔和家兔遭到捕猎时，它们都会使用伎俩。故选B。【考点】

13.【题干】Compared with hares, rabbits_____. 【选项】

A．have longer feet B．have thicker fur C．are born pen-eyed D．like to live in groups 【答案】D

【解析】事实细节题。由第三段可知，野兔和家兔有很多不同之处，野兔较大，它们

的脚和耳朵都较长；野兔不会挖洞，也不群居生活，而家兔会挖洞，过着群居生活；野兔出生时眼睛是睁开的，身上毛很厚，而家兔出生时眼睛是闭着的，浑身无毛。故选D。【考点】

14.【题干】Many people get to know the March hare from the fact that it_____. 【选项】

A．has long ears and legs

B．digs a lot of holes in March C．can make a leap of six meters D．appears in Alice in Wonderland 【答案】D

【解析】事实细节题。由倒数第二段第一句可知，人们都知道三月兔出现在《爱丽丝梦游仙境》中。故选D。【考点】

15.【题干】Rabbits'natural enemies prevent them from_____. 【选项】

A．becoming a big trouble B．breeding when young C．living in holes

D．becoming social animals 【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句可知，如果家兔没有天敌的话，它就会泛滥成灾了。所以正是家兔的天敌阻止它们成为大麻烦。故选A。【考点】

第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16～25题，每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：（1）从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第①～⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

Pawn Shops（当铺）

①Pawnshops are businesses where people bring their possessions to sell or to get a short-term loan. Pawn shops may be large or small, clean or dirty, but they are all full of stories. The United States has about ten thousand of them.

②Inthe past few years, pawn shops have been doing business with more people than ever before. That is because many lenders（贷方）now do business only with individuals having

good credit records or a high-paying job．Often, the individuals most in need of a loan have poor credit records. But they do not need a good job or credit record to get a loan from a pawnbroker（典当商）. They only need to have something of value.

③Whena traditional lender agrees to provide a loan, it may take days or weeks before an individual receives the money. But pawnbrokers will give a loan in just a few minutes based on the resale value of an object and without asking about the person’s job or credit history. ④Manypawn shops specialize in jewelry. But most shops accept almost anything of value, including computers, musical instruments, guns, old coins and soon. The item itself acts as the security, or collateral（抵押物）, for the loan. If the loan is not repaid, the object can be sold．Customers can get the object back at any time by repaying the loan plus the interest and fees theyagreed to pay. Or they can pay the interest and leave the item at the pawn shop for a while longer.

⑤The National Pawnbrokers Association is a national trade group representing pawnbrokers. The association calls pawn-brokering “one of humankind’s oldest financial institutions.” It says pawnbrokers operated three thousand years ago in ancient China and in early Greek and Roman times. Task1

16.【题干】Paragraph①_____. 【选项】

A．Quick loan from a pawnbroker B．Properties of a pawnbroker C．How does a pawn shop run? D．What is a pawn shop?

E．Pawn-brokering:a trade withalong history F．Recent development of pawnshops 【答案】D

【解析】本段第一句首先介绍了当铺的定义，后两句也是围绕着当铺来讲述的。故本段讲述的是当铺的定义。【考点】

17.【题干】Paragraph②_____. 【选项】

A．Quick loan from a pawnbroker B．Properties of a pawnbroker C．How does a pawn shop run? D．What is a pawn shop?

E．Pawn-brokering:a trade withalong history F．Recent development of pawnshops 【答案】F

【解析】本段主要讲述了在过去的几年里当铺和更多的人在做生意，那是因为现在许多贷方只和有良好信用记录或者有高收入工作的人做生意，而那些最需要贷款的个人的信用记录经常很差；但是那些最需要贷款的个人不需要有一份好工作或者有良好信用记录就可以从典当商那里贷款，他们只需要有值钱的东西就可以了。故本段讲述的是当铺最近的发展。【考点】

18.【题干】Paragraph③_____. 【选项】

A．Quick loan from a pawnbroker B．Properties of a pawnbroker C．How does a pawn shop run? D．What is a pawn shop?

E．Pawn-brokering:a trade withalong history F．Recent development of pawnshops 【答案】A

【解析】本段主要讲述了借方可能会在传统的贷方那里花上几天或者几周的时间才会收到贷款，但是在典当商那里几分钟内就可以收到贷款，并且他们不会询问个人的工作和信用记录。故本段讲述的是典当商的快速借贷。【考点】

19.【题干】Paragraph④_____. 【选项】

A．Quick loan from a pawnbroker B．Properties of a pawnbroker C．How does a pawn shop run? D．What is a pawn shop?

E．Pawn-brokering:a trade withalong history F．Recent development of pawnshops 【答案】C

【解析】本段主要讲述了任何有价值的物品都可以在当铺作为抵押物来贷款；如果没有偿还贷款，物品就会被卖掉；只要偿还了贷款以及利息和其他费用，物品就可以被赎回，只要顾客支付了利息，当铺就可以替顾客保存物品更久一点。故本段讲述的是当铺是如何经营的。【考点】

20.【题干】Paragraph⑤_____. 【选项】

A．Quick loan from a pawnbroker B．Properties of a pawnbroker C．How does a pawn shop run? D．What is a pawn shop?

E．Pawn-brokering:a trade withalong history F．Recent development of pawnshops 【答案】E 【解析】本段主要讲述了英国全国典当协会把典当行称为“人类最古老的金融机构之一”；典当商在3000年前的中国古代和早期的希腊和罗马时代就开始经营了。故本段讲述的是典当业的悠久历史。【考点】

Task2

21.【题干】People bring their valuable things to pawn shops to_____. 【选项】

A．turn to pawn brokers

B．the borrower’s job or credit history C．the customers repay the loan

D．pay back the agreed sum of money E．get a loan

F．the customers pay the interest 【答案】E

【解析】由第一段第一句可知，人们可以把他们值钱的东西拿到当铺去贷款。故选E。【考点】

22.【题干】People who have poor credit records are more likely to_____. 【选项】

A．turn to pawn brokers

B．the borrower's job or credit history C．the customers repay the loan

D．pay back the agreed sum of money E．get a loan

F．the customers pay the interest 【答案】A

【解析】由第二段倒数第二、三句可知，信用记录差的人可以在典当商那里贷款，因

为他们不需要你有好的工作和良好的信用记录。故选A。【考点】

23.【题干】Pawnbrokers pay more attention to the resale value of an object instead of_____. 【选项】

A．turn to pawn brokers

B．the borrower's job or credit history C．the customers repay the loan

D．pay back the agreed sum of money E．get a loan

F．the customers pay the interest 【答案】B

【解析】由第三段第二句可知，典当商会根据物品的转售价值来贷款给你，并且不会问你的工作和信用记录。故选B。【考点】

24.【题干】If customers want to get their objects back they must_____. 【选项】

A．turn to pawn brokers

B．the borrower's job or credit history C．the customers repay the loan

D．pay back the agreed sum of money E．get a loan

F．the customers pay the interest 【答案】D

【解析】由第四段第五句可知，如果顾客想赎回所当的物品，他们必须偿还约定的钱。故选D。【考点】

25.【题干】The pawn shop may keep the object for a longer time on the condition that_____. 【选项】

A．turn to pawn brokers

B．the borrower's job or credit history C．the customers repay the loan

D．pay back the agreed sum of money E．get a loan

F．the customers pay the interest 【答案】F

【解析】由第四段最后一句可知，只要顾客支付了利息，当铺就可以替顾客保存物品更久一点。故选F。【考点】

第四部分：填句补文（第26～30题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Resources

Resources are found in nature. They make a better quality of life for humans. Soil, air, water, sunlight and trees are all examples of resources that humans use every day, whether they know it or not._____（26）

A natural resource is a material fund in nature and used by living things. Air, rocks, metals, oil and salt are all natural resources. Renewable（可再生的）resources are resources that can be replaced._____（27）Trees that are cut down can be replaced quickly when seeds or baby trees are planted. Water from our bathtubs（浴盆）can be cleaned for use. Plants, wind and rain can help clean the air to make it safe to breathe even if it comes out of a car or a factory.

Sometimes resources cannot be replaced after they are used._____（28）Once nonrenewable resources are all used up, nature will not be able to replace them. Oil, natural gas, soil and metals are all examples of nonrenewable resources.

Coal is another example of a nonrenewable resource._____（29）Humans mine the coal undergroundand use it as an energy source. Once humans have mined all the coal from inside Earth, there will be on more for us to depend on._____（30）For example, wind and water turbines（涡轮机）are now being used to produce energy. 26.【题干】_____. 【选项】

A．These are called nonrenewable resources. B．They replace some of the need to burn coal. C．It is made by nature deep in Earth.