2.Edgar Allan Poe:Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts. His father, named David Poe Jr., and his mother, named Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe, were touring actors. Both parents died in 1811, and Poe became an orphan before he was 3 years old. He was adopted by John Allan, a tobacco merchant in Richmond, Virginia, and was sent to a boarding school in London, England. He later attended the University of Virginia for one year, but dropped out and ran up massive gambling debts after spending all of his tuition money. John Allan broke off Poe's engagement to his fiancée Sarah Royster. Poe was heartbroken, traumatized, and broke. He had no way out and enlisted in the army in May of 1827. At the same time Poe published his first book, \"Tamerlane and Other Poems\" (1827). In 1829, he became a West Point cadet, but was dismissed after 6 months for disobedience. By that time he published \"Al Aaraf\" (1929) and \"Poems by Edgar A. Poe\" (1831), with the funds contributed by his fellow cadets. His early poetry, though written in the manner of Lord Byron, already shows the musical effects of his
verses.
Poe moved in with his widowed aunt, Maria Clemm, and her teenage daughter, Virginia Eliza Clemm, whom he married before she was 14 years old. He earned respect as a critic and writer. In his essays \"The Poetic Principle\" and \"The Philosophy of Composition,\" Poe formulated important literary theories. But his career suffered from his
compulsive behavior and from alcoholism. He did produce, however, a constant flow of highly musical poems, of which \"The Raven\" (1845) and \"The Bells\" (1849) are the finest examples. Among his masterful short stories are \"Ligeia\" (1838), \"The Fall of the House of Usher\"(1839) and \"The Masque of the Red Death\". Following his own theory of creating \"a certain unique or single effect\story. His works: \"The Murder in the Rue Morgue\" (1841) is probably the first
detective
story
everpublished.
Just when his life began to settle, Poe was devastated by the death of his wife Virginia in 1847. Two years later he returned to Richmond and resumed a relationship with his former fiancée, Sarah Royster, who, by that time, was a widow. But shortly after their happy reconciliation he was found unconscious on a street in Baltimore. Poe was taken to the Washington College Hospital where Doctor John Moran diagnosed \"lesions on the brain\" (the Doctor believed Poe was mugged). He died 4 days later, briefly coming in and out of consciousness, just to whisper his last words, \"Lord, help my poor soul.\" The real cause of his death is still unknown and his death certificate has disappeared. Poe's critic and personal enemy, named Rufus Griswold, published an insulting obituary; later he visited Poe's home and took away all of the writer's manuscripts (which he never returned), and published his \"Memoir\" of Poe, in which he
forged
a
madman
image
of
the
writer.
The name of the woman in Poe's poem \"Annabel Lee\" was used by Vladimir Nabokov in 'Lolita' as the name for Humbert's first love, Annabelle Leigh. Nabokov also used in 'Lolita' some phrases borrowed from the poem of Edgar Allan Poe. \"The Fall of the House of Usher\" was set
to
music
by Claude
Debussy as
an
opera. Sergei
Rachmaninoff created a musical tribute to Poe by making his favorite poem \"The Bells\" into the eponymous Choral Symphony.
3.Elizabeth Blackwell:Elizabeth Blackwell, is the forerunner of the female doctor. Persistently shouldering the contempt from traditional notions and arduously finishing her study without any support, Elizabeth earned her success by her dream and struggle. Unluckily enough, Elizabeth was born in the ear which women were limited to choose what they want to do and hard to catch the equivalent status with men. To finish her dream to be a doctor, Elizabeth ignored the normal bias and strived for the goal. There was merely one university accepted her offer but take the mind of watching a comic film. Under the condition of being derided by others, earning the tuition by herself, and competing with males, Elizabeth removed all of these barriers, which trapped her into a disadvantaged and unlucky situation, by her own hardworking and insistence. It is Elizabeth’s behavior that broken though the distain opinion of female and facilitated women who have dream to bravely pursue it. If she was frightened by these trouble and gave up pursuing her
dream with a great convince, she will never reach where she was eventually. What she achieved seems that even if in the plight, we can also earn the success by our perseverance.
4.Evan Williams:Evan Williams was born in Alberta, Canada, and spent most of his childhood in Calgary. He credits his father, an engineer, and his mother, a professional artist, for their generosity in supporting him as he sought out his own creative outlet. He performed first in choir and musical theater productions with the local church, traveling to Moscow as part of a street performance troupe. Evan began to think seriously about a career in acting after being cast as the title role in 'Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat' in high school. He then joined the Summerstock Conservatory where he performed a number of musicals in downtown Calgary, and was the recipient of the Phyllis Pope Award for Best Performance for his portrayal of the eccentric Rabbi in 'Fiddler On the Roof' in 2004. A graduate of Ryerson Theatre School, Evan gained recognition internationally on 'Degrassi: The Next Generation' in the role of Kelly Ashoona. In addition, Evan has appeared in a number of popular television shows including 'The Border', 'Instant Star', and 'Being Erica' as well as appearing in films such as \"A Flesh Offering\" and HBO's \"Grey Gardens\" in which he appears alongside Drew Barrymore. Evan starred as Baxter McNab in the series 'Baxter' which is set in a performing arts high school, allowing Evan to display some of his
musical ability both vocally and on the piano/guitar. Evan was also the lead in Hallmark Channel's \"The National Tree\" appearing opposite Andrew McCarthy. On the stage, Evan has most recently starred as Chet in Sam Shepard's \"Cowboys #2\" with the Candles Are For Burning Co-op. Evan currently resides in Los Angeles.
5.John Dewey:Dewey was born in Burlington, Vermont, to a family of modest means.[5] Dewey was one of four boys born to Archilbald Sprague Dewey and Lucina Artemisia Rich Dewey. The second born son and first John born to Archilbad and Lucina died in a tragic accident on January 17, 1859. On October 20, 1859 John Dewey was born, forty weeks after the death of his older brother. Like his older brother, Davis Rich Dewey, he attended the University of Vermont, where he was initiated intoDelta Psi, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa[6] in 1879. A significant professor of Dewey's at the University of Vermont was Henry A. P. Torrey, the son-in-law and nephew of former University of Vermont president Joseph Torrey. Dewey studied privately with Torrey between his graduation from Vermont and his enrollment at Johns Hopkins University.[7][8]
After two years as a high-school teacher in Oil City, Pennsylvania and one teaching elementary school in the small town of Charlotte, Vermont, Dewey decided that he was unsuited for employment in primary or secondary education. After studying
with George Sylvester Morris, Charles Sanders Peirce, Herbert Baxter Adams, and G. Stanley Hall, Dewey received his Ph.D. from the School of Arts & Sciences at Johns Hopkins University. In 1884, he accepted a faculty position at the University of Michigan (1884–88 and 1889–94) with the help of George Sylvester Morris. His unpublished and now lost dissertation was titled \"The Psychology of Kant.\"
In 1894 Dewey joined the newly founded University of Chicago (1894–1904)
where
he
developed
his
belief
in
Rational Empiricism, becoming associated with the newly emerging Pragmatic philosophy. His time at the University of Chicago resulted in four essays collectively entitled Thought and its Subject-Matter, which was published with collected works from his colleagues at Chicago under the collective title Studies in Logical Theory (1903). During that time Dewey also initiated the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, where he was able to actualize the pedagogical beliefs that provided material for his first major work on education, The School and Society (1899). Disagreements with the administration ultimately caused his resignation from the University, and soon thereafter he relocated near the East Coast. In 1899, Dewey was elected president of the American Psychological Association. From 1904 until his retirement in 1930 he was professor of philosophy at both Columbia University and Columbia University's Teachers College.[9] In 1905 he became president of
the American Philosophical Association. He was a longtime member of the American Federation of Teachers.
Along with the historians Charles A. Beard and James Harvey Robinson, and the economist Thorstein Veblen, Dewey is one of the founders of The New School. Dewey's most significant writings were \"The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology\" (1896), a critique of a standard psychological concept and the basis of all his further work; Democracy and Education (1916),
his
celebrated
work
on
progressive
education; Human Nature and Conduct (1922), a study of the function of habit in human behavior; The Public and its Problems (1927), a defense of democracy written in response to Walter Lippmann's The Phantom Public (1925); Experience
and
Nature (1925),
Dewey's
most
\"metaphysical\" statement; Art as Experience (1934), Dewey's major work on aesthetics; A Common Faith (1934), a humanistic study of religion originally delivered as the Dwight H. Terry Lectureship at Yale; Logic: The Theory of Inquiry (1938), a statement of Dewey's unusual conception of logic;Freedom and Culture (1939), a political work examining the roots of fascism; and Knowing and the Known (1949), a book written in conjunction with Arthur F. Bentley that systematically outlines the concept of trans-action, which is central to his other works. While each of these works focuses on one particular philosophical theme, Dewey
included his major themes in most of what he published. He published more than 700 articles in 140 journals, and approximately 40 books. Reflecting his immense influence on 20th-century thought, Hilda Neatby, in 1953, wrote \"Dewey has been to our age what Aristotle was to the later Middle Ages, not a philosopher, but the philosopher.\"
6.Mark Zuckerberg:Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (born May 14, 1984) is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur. He is best known
as
one
of
five
co-founders
of
the social
networking website Facebook. Zuckerberg was made the chairman and chief executive of Facebook, Inc. in April 2013.[6][7] and his personal wealth, as of March 2015, is estimated to be $35.1 billion.[5] Mark Zuckerberg receives aone-dollar salary as CEO of Facebook.[4]
Together with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students Eduardo
Saverin, Andrew
McCollum, Dustin
Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, Zuckerberg launched Facebook from Harvard University's dormitory rooms.[8] The group then introduced Facebook onto other campuses nationwide and moved to Palo Alto, California shortly afterwards. In 2007, at the age of 23, Zuckerberg became a billionaire as a result of Facebook's success. The number of Facebook users worldwide reached a total of one billion in 2012. Zuckerberg was involved in various legal disputes that were initiated by
others in the group, who claimed a share of the company based upon their involvement during the development phase of Facebook.
Since 2010, Time magazine has named Zuckerberg among the 100 wealthiest and most influential people in the world as a part of its Person of the Year distinction. In 2011, Zuckerberg ranked first on the list of the \"Most
Influential
Jews
in
the
World\"
by The Jerusalem
Post.[12] Zuckerberg was played by actor Jesse Eisenberg in the 2010 film The Social Network, in which the rise of Facebook is portrayed. 7.Oprah Winfrey:Oprah Winfrey was born Orpah Gail Winfrey in Kosciusko, Mississippi, to Vernita Lee, a former maid, and Vernon Winfrey,
a
coal
miner,
barber,
and
city
councilman.
While Winfrey has been cited as the richest African American of the 20th century, she does not come from a rich, or even middle class, family. She was born in an economically troubled neighborhood and raised by a single-teenaged mother in the city of Milwaukee. Orpah, named after a biblical character, had a name no one could pronounce, so her family and friends starting calling her Oprah. Shortly after Oprah's birth, Vernita Lee left her daughter and traveled north. Oprah was then raised by her grandmother,Hatti Mae Lee. Oprah while being raised by her grandmother lived in terrible conditions. Oprah's only friends were farm animals,however even at that age Oprah had a very imaginative mind. Oprah would frequently give the animals dramatic parts and included
them in games. This was perhaps where she had gotten the craze for acting, and would soon be seen in legendary masterpieces such as The Color Purple. Oprah because of her grandmother's values, had religion and God instilled in herself at a very young age. Oprah because of her grandmother knew how to read,and write before the age of three. Oprah during church would recite poems,and verses from the bible. Soon the church, and the entire neighborhood knew she had a gift and was nicknamed,\"The Little Speaker\". This would soon prompt her to become a woman with a strong perspective, which millions across the world would want to have insight on. This prepared her for The Oprah Winfrey Show.
Due to her ability to read and write before the age of three, when enrolled in school she was often promoted several grades ahead of her age. Oprah at the age of six went to live with her mother, Vernita Lee. Vernita worked as a maid, so Oprah was often left alone at home with her cousins. Oprah due to her busy mother was paid little attention to at home, this is what prompted Oprah to started misbehaving and talking back to her mother. Vernita Lee then decided it was best Oprah live with her father in Nashville Tennessee. Oprah while living in Tennessee, found out her mother was pregnant and her mother requested for her to come back to Milwaukee to live with her mother and half-sister. When Oprah was nine she was raped by her nineteen year old cousin who was baby
sitting her. This wouldn't be the only time she was sexually abused she would then be sexually abused by her cousin, a family friend,her mother's boyfriend, and her uncle during her stay in Milwaukee. Toward all these incidents, she never told a soul because the predators swore her to silence. At the age of thirteen Oprah ran away from home, this was due to her years of abuse and at the age of fourteen she became pregnant with an ill son who died shortly after birth. Oprah took the death of her son as she was given a second chance in life. Oprah's mother sent her to live once again with her father in Nashville,Tennessee. Oprah's father was very strict and made education the number-one priority for Oprah. Oprah attended Nashville East High School. Oprah during high-school wasn't precisely certain toward what she wanted to do, however she knew it was something with speaking or drama. Oprah was also elected school president and met with president Richard Nixon being apart
of
public
speaking
classes
in
her
high-school.
Oprah during the last year of high-school was rehearsing with her drama class when a local radio station, WVOL spotted her and asked her if she would like to read on radio. Oprah was then given a job reading the news on the radio. Oprah soon entered into a public speaking contest where the grand prize was a scholarship to Tennessee State University. Oprah won the contest and received a scholarship to Tennessee State University where she majored in Speech Communications and
Performing Arts.
Oprah during her college education was offered a job as a co-anchor on the CBS television station, she declined several times before she was convinced by her speech professor that it may be the ultimate step to launch her career. Oprah wanted to find work outside of Nashville Tennessee and was soon offered a job in Baltimore,Maryland. The job offer came up a few months before her graduation, she had to choose between the job and graduating, so she decided to choose the job in Maryland as the offer was very tempting. At the job in Maryland she wasn't a very good reporter and was shortly fired. Oprah's boss set her up as a talk show host on a morning talk show called, \"People Are Talking\". Immediately after the first show Oprah new this is what she wanted to do for the rest of her life. Oprah strengthened the talk show for seven years and
then
she
decided
it
was
time
to
move
on.
In 1981 Oprah sent recorded tapes of the show to a talk-show in Chicago called A.M. Chicago. They immediately offered her the job and in September of 1985 she changed the name of the show to, \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\". The first broadcast of The Oprah Winfrey Show was on September,8,1986 it broadcast nationally. The Oprah Winfrey show first targeted woman, however soon due to controversial topics and intriguing topics Oprah brought on to the show it appealed to people of all genders,ethnics,and ages. Oprah promoted many things on her show such
as books, movie releases all of which people were eager to know what her opinions were of them. Oprah helped broaden not just woman's point of view and significance but Oprah helped to realize that every human has an importance in this world. From it's first broadcast The Oprah Winfrey show went on to receive multiple Day Time Emmy Awards and several other prestigious awards.Winfrey expanded the Oprah Winfrey show and started releasing a monthly magazine which was called, O:The Oprah Magazine. The first issue was in 2000. The series finale of the Oprah Winfrey Show as on it's twenty-fifth season and it aired on May,25,2011. Concluding a segment of her career toward which she used as a device to inspire millions and help thousands to lead a better life. Oprah's made her debut as a film actress in the 1985 period drama film, The Color Purple. Oprah played a troubled housewife named, Sofia. Oprah was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. This movie went on to become a Broadway musical adaptation. In 1998 Oprah starred in the movie, Beloved which she also produced. Winfrey played the character Sethe who was a former slave. Winfrey has also acted in several movies such as Charlotte's Web,Bee Movie,and The Princess
And
The
Frog.
Oprah Winfrey in 1998 received an Achievement Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. In 2011 Oprah Winfrey received a Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award from the
Academy Of Motion Pictures Arts And Sciences.
Oprah Winfrey will forever be remembered as an innovator through the landmarks she made, becoming the first African American to host a television show. Inspiring millions of people across the world, discussing significant issues on her show such as equal rights toward genders,racism,poverty, and many others. Oprah will be seen as an icon someone who paved the way for others to become successful.
8.Richard Branson:Richard Branson was born on July 18, 1950 in Blackheath, London, England as Richard Charles Nicholas Branson. He is a producer and actor, known for Equation of Change(2010), Jambo Jumbo (2010) and Fields of Fuel (2008). He has been married to Joan Templeman since December 20, 1989. They have three children. He was previously married to Kristen Tomassi.He was awarded Knight Bachelor of the Order of the British Empire in the 2000 Queen's Millennium New Years Honours List for his services to entrepreneurship. Owner of The Virgin Group, which has more than 200 entertainment, media and travel companies around the world. Virgin's interests include an airline, airships, retailing (music, videos and computer games), beverages, cosmetics, clothing, financial services, night clubs, health clubs, internet services, mobile phone services, passenger trains, publishing, record labels (V2 Records), tour operation, film and TV production, and condoms. His first business, a used record store, was called \"Virgin Records\" because it was his first business venture ever. When he started his record label, the first artist he signed was his school friend, Mike Oldfield. His album-length composition, \"Tubular Bells\became a multi-million seller after it was used as the theme to the film, The Exorcist (1973). Started Virgin Atlantic Airways after a flight he was scheduled for was cancelled. Upon hearing of the cancellation, he quickly had a charter jet liner secured, and invited the passengers of the cancelled flight to fly for free. He jokingly posted a hand-lettered sign above the entryway, reading, \"Virgin Atlantic Airways - Flight 1.\" Several of the passengers of that flight became investors of the airline. Ironically, just before Virgin Records was purchased in 1992 by the EMI Group, the label was distributed as a stand-alone venture by Atlantic Records in the USA from 1986 to 1992. Has opened a chain of bridal shops in England named Virgin Bride. Recently registered the business name \"Virgin Interplanetary\in case space travel becomes commercially viable. Has expressed interest in opening a casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Daughter Holly is studying at London's University College in hopes of becoming a pediatrician Father, with Joan Templeman, of son Sam Branson (b. 1985) and the daughters Sarah Clare (*/+ 1979, died when she was just four days old after being born three months premature) and Holly Branson (b. 1982). Dyslexic. Dropped out of school when he was 15. Was featured in the Friends (1994) episode, Friends: The One with Ross's Wedding: Part One (1998), when \"Friends\" went to London. In the episode, he sold British souvenirs to Joey and Chandler. It had been reported he was very nervous about forgetting his lines but all went well. It was noticeable in all the scenes in the episode, which featured airports or airplanes, show the logo of \"Virgin Atlantiche airline of Richard Branson. Co-founded, with Nelson Mandela and Peter Gabriel, world human rights advocacy group The Elders in July 2007. First car he ever owned was a 1968 British Morris Mini-Minor. Branson's Caribbean retreat is called Necker Island which is part of the British Virgin Islands (naturally enough). Purchased in the late 1970s for a reported $200K when it was desolate and uninhabited, the paradise island is part home to his family, his $30m catamaran yacht \"Necker Belle\" and his battery-powered, 3-seater mini-submarine \"Necker Nymph\".Ranked #16 on the 1,000 richest people in the UK with earnings of £3,410m, as documented by The Sunday Times \"Rich List\" (2012) annual supplement. Keeps a hammock in his office in which he likes to brainstorm. Kensington, London, England [May 2009] Founded Caroline Records in 1973. For the episode of Only Fools and Horses.... (1981) where the Trotters travel to Miami, because they were booked on Virgin Atlantic, Branson wanted a cameo in the episode.David Jason said he was a great publicist, and a charming man, but not among the best actors in the world. Jason assumed he would get free rides and regular upgrades after that, but nothing came of it. 9.Rupert Murdoch:Keith Rupert Murdoch is finally, at 77, what he has long dreamed of being: the world's most influential newspaper publisher. He is also much more than that: his $29 billion (revenue) News Corp. churns out films, video news and entertainment, books and Web content galore. While people think of Murdoch as rough-hewn and self-made, which in many ways he is, his background is gilded: he studied at Oxford and inherited his first newspaper. Murdoch likes to place big bets and usually wins, although he teetered close to bankruptcy at least once, circa 1990. His genius flowed from seeing early that the revenue from then thriving newspapers could be leveraged to expand not only his original business but into other areas as well, most notably in acquiring a movie studio, building a fourth U.S. broadcast television network, driving forward satellite television with Sky, STAR and DirecTV and then boldly buying MySpace. His latest major purchase, Dow Jones, adds the Wall Street Journal to a newspaper collection that already included prestige nameplates in Britain (the Times) and his native Australia (the Australian) as well as the pulpier New York Post and Britain's News of the World and the Sun. There is, to be sure, a darker side to Murdoch's influence and legacy. He has at times subordinated the journalism operations he controls to further his own business interests, undermining their credibility if not their long-term profitability. His own test of journalism sometimes seems to be what sells—no less but also no more. Yet Fox News, which many liberals decry as a conservative political pander by Murdoch, is actually best understood as a product designed to fill an untapped market niche in video news. It succeeded brilliantly. A return to his roots and a victory lap of sorts, acquiring the Journal poses for Murdoch perhaps his greatest test as a publisher. He aspires to make money and extend the paper's reach while maintaining its prestige—a tall order, even for him. 9.2012默多克在英国的报刊涉及了一起电话偷听丑闻，由此导致了公众的谴责、法律调查和来自投资者的压力。面对这些，默多克最终开始对部分控制权松手，并且同意将新闻集团拆分为两家上市公司：一个是其娱乐公司，另一个主营出版业务，在拆分后将交由其他人来进行管理。
2011
鲁伯特•默多克已经年过耄耋，但他仍然紧紧掌握着他的媒体王国，并在去年直面可能是职业生涯中最大的一次危机。新闻集团旗下英国报纸的电话窃听和贿赂丑闻，公开影响了集团的继承问题，原本的法定继承人詹姆斯•默多克（James Murdoch）被迫让出了一些职务，而长子拉克伦•默多克（Lachlan）则从容地重掌大权。鲁伯特•默多克本人除在议会听证会上自称“谦卑”之外，继续保持着自己的影响力，最近他刚刚决定发行一份新的星期天小报。从财务上，他有充分理由感谢新闻集团的有线电视业务，特别是福克斯新闻频道。去年有线电视业务的16亿美元收入中，福克斯新闻频道贡献了其中一半。
世界报业大亨鲁帕特·默多克（Rupert Murdoch），1931 年3 月11 日出生于澳大利亚的墨尔本。其父基思·默多克是澳大利亚先驱和新闻周刊的董事长。1952 年其父去世后鲁帕特继承了阿德莱德的小报《新闻报》，短短的三四十年间将其发展为跨越欧、美、亚、澳几大洲，涉足广播、影视、报业诸领域的传播媒介帝国。在他的麾下，既有久负盛名的英国《泰晤士报》，也有美国电影界的大腕级电影公司——20 世纪福克斯公司。80 年代初，默多克的国际新闻集团的年营业额即已达到12 亿澳元，他本人也成为新闻界屈指可数的人物之一。目前他的事业还正在不断发展之中。
在短短的二十年内由小报老板发展成为国际报业大王，不少奄奄一息的报纸到他手中就能起死回生，人称报业怪杰默多克。成长为现代报业巨头。
默多克报业集团的投资极为广泛。除出版业外，从宣传媒介到电视台到石油钻探、牧羊业等都涉足。早在70年代，在国内已拥有悉尼电视第十台、墨尔本电视第十台和安塞航空公司50%的股权，并经营欢乐唱片公司和图书公司等。
在国外几年的发展更是突飞猛进。1983年首先在伦敦买下一家卫星电视公司的69%股权，接着在美国收购了好莱坞“二十世纪福克斯公司”的一半股权。1985年又以15亿美元收购美国第四大电视集团“都城媒介公司”属下的纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥、休斯敦、达拉斯和华盛顿六家地方电视台，从而以“默多克旋风”轰动了西方世界。1998年默多克欲以巨资收购英国曼联足球俱乐部，但被英国政府否决。
创业故事
默多克的父亲基思·默多克(KeithRupertMurdoch)爵士是一名战地记者，拥有澳大利亚4家报纸。1952年，他父亲死于心脏病，正在英国牛津大学读书的默多克赶回家中处理后事。然而，清算后默多克发现父亲的几家报纸处于亏损状态，于是他设法保留住了《星期日邮报》(SundayMail)和《新闻报》(TheNews)两份报纸，而将其他报纸出售。面
对主要的竞争对手《广告报》，默多克果断与其合并，并且努力使《新闻报》开始盈利。同时他又筹措到足够款项，收购了位于帕斯市处于亏损的的《星期日时报》
(SundayTimes)，通过调整人员，将阿德莱德一些记者和编辑调往帕斯使该报纸重获生机。
10.Randy Pausch:Randolph Frederick Pausch was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and raised in Columbia, Maryland. He graduated in 1978 from Oakland Mills High School in Columbia and, in May 1982, received his bachelor's degree in Computer Science from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. In August 1988 he earned his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University. From 1988 - 1997, Dr Pausch worked at University of Virginia in the computer science department.
In 1997 Pausch became a Professor of Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction, and Design at Carnegie Mellon University. He co-founded Carnegie Mellon's Entertainment Technology Center and became one of the developers of the software project called \"Alice\". He authored or co-authored five books and over 70 articles and is also known for his virtual reality research with Walt Disney Imagineering. In 2007 he earned two awards from the Association for Computing Machinery for his achievements
in
computing
education.
In August 2006, Pausch was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The following year he received worldwide media coverage for his inspirational \"Last Lecture,\" titled \"Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams.\" He delivered this lecture at Carnegie Mellon on 18 September
2007, a month after learning that his cancer was terminal and that he had only three to six months to live. His speech became a New York Times best-selling book, \"The Last Lecture,\" which he co-wrote with Jeffrey Zaslow
of
the
Wall
Street
Journal.
Pausch's lecture drew the attention of such programs as ABC's ABC Evening News (1953) with Charles Gibson, which named Pausch their \"Person of the Week\" on 21 September 2007, and The Oprah Winfrey Show (1986), where Pausch discussed his situation and recapped his \"Last Lecture\" for millions of television viewers. In May 2008, Pausch was listed by Time as one of the World's Top-100 Most Influential People Pausch also attracted the attention of the National Football League, which allowed him to join the Pittsburgh Steelers for a day of regular practice after the organization learned that one of his childhood dreams mentioned in his \"Last Lecture\" was to play in the NFL. A devoted \"Star Trek\" fan, another of Pausch's childhood dreams was to be Captain Kirk. Hearing of this, director and producer J.J. Abrams sent a personal e-mail to Pausch, inviting him to the set of the film Star Trek (2009) in Los Angeles. Pausch happily accepted and was given a brief role in the film, complete with a customized Starfleet uniform (which he was allowed to keep) and a line of dialogue. For his time on the film, Pausch received a $217.06
paycheck,
which
he
gave
to
charity.
In May 2008, a PET scan showed that Pausch's cancer had spread to
his lungs and the lymph nodes in his chest. On 24 July, it was revealed that the cancer had progressed further than expected. The next day Pausch succumbed to his disease at his family's home in Chesapeake, Virginia, where he had moved to be with extended family. He is survived by his wife, Jai Glasgow, and children, Dylan (born 2002), Logan (born 2004) and Chloe (born 2006).
11.Ronald Reagan:Ronald Reagan is, arguably, the most successful actor in history, having catapulted from a career as a Warner Bros. contract player and television star, into serving as president of the Screen Actors Guild, the governorship of California (1967-1975), and lastly, two terms as
President
of
the
United
States
(1981-1989).
Ronald Wilson Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois, to Nelle Clyde (Wilson) and John Edward \"Jack\" Reagan, who was a salesman and storyteller. His father was of Irish descent, and his mother was of half Scottish
and
half
English
ancestry.
A successful actor beginning in the 1930s, the young Reagan was a staunch admirer of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (even after he evolved into a Republican), and was a Democrat in the 1940s, a self-described 'hemophilliac' liberal. He was elected president of the Screen Actors Guild in 1947 and served five years during the most tumultuous times to ever hit Hollywood. A committed anti-communist, Reagan not only fought more-militantly activist movie industry unions
that he and others felt had been infiltrated by communists, but had to deal with the investigation into Hollywood's politics launched by the House Un-Amercan Activities Committee in 1947, an inquisition that lasted through the 1950s. The House Un-American Activities Committee investigations of Hollywood (which led to the jailing of the \"Hollywood Ten\" in the late '40s) sowed the seeds of the McCarthyism that racked Hollywood
and
America
in
the
1950s.
In 1950, U.S. Representative Helen Gahagan Douglas (D-CA), the wife of \"Dutch\" Reagan's friend Melvyn Douglas, ran as a Democrat for the U.S. Senate and was opposed by the Republican nominee, the Red-bating Congresman from Whittier, Richard Nixon. While Nixon did not go so far as to accuse Gahagan Douglas of being a communist herself, he did charge her with being soft on communism due to her opposition to the House Un-Amercan Activities Committee. Nixon tarred her as a \"fellow traveler\" of communists, a \"pinko\" who was \"pink right down to her underwear.\" Gahagan Douglas was defeated by the man she was the first to call \"Tricky Dicky\" because of his unethical behavior and dirty campaign tactics. Reagan was on the Douglases' side during that campaign.
The Douglases, like Reagan and such other prominent actors as Humphrey Bogart andEdward G. Robinson, were liberal Democrats, supporters of the late Franklin D. Rooseveltand his New Deal, a legacy
that increasingly was under attack by the right after World War II. They were NOT fellow-travelers; Melyvn Douglas had actually been an active anti-communist and was someone the communists despised. Melvyn Douglas, Robinson and Henry Fonda - a registered Republican! - wound up \"gray-listed.\" (They weren't explicitly black-listed, they just weren't offered any work.) Reagan, who it was later revealed had been an F.B.I. informant while a union leader (turning in suspected communists), was never hurt that way, as he made S.A.G. an accomplice of the black-listing. Reagan's career sagged after the late 1940s, and he started appearing in B-movies after he left Warners to go free-lance. However, he had a eminence grise par excellence inLew Wasserman, his agent and the head of the Music Corp. of America. Wasserman, later called \"The Pope of Hollywood,\" was the genius who figured out that an actor could make a killing via a tax windfall by turning himself into a corporation. The corporation, which would employ the actor, would own part of a motion picture the actor appeared in, and all monies would accrue to the corporation, which was taxed at a much lower rate than was personal income. Wasserman pioneered this tax avoidance scheme with his client James
Stewart,
beginning
with
the Anthony
Mann western Winchester '73(1950) (1950). It made Stewart enormously rich as he became a top box office draw in the 1950s after the success of \"Winchester 73\" and several more Mann-directed westerns, all of which
he had an ownership stake in.
Ironically, Reagan became a poor-man's James Stewart in the early 1950s, appearing in westerns, but they were mostly B-pictures. He did not have the acting chops of the great Stewart, but he did have his agent. Wasserman at M.C.A. was one of the pioneers of television syndication, and this was to benefit Reagan enormously. M.C.A. was the only talent agency that was also allowed to be a producer through an exemption to union rules granted by S.A.G. when Reagan was the union president, and it used the exemption to acquire Universal International Pictures. Talent agents were not permitted to be producers as there was an inherent conflict of interest between the two professions, one of which was committed to acquiring talent at the lowest possible cost and the other whose focus was to get the best possible price for their client. When a talent agent was also a producer, like M.C.A. was, it had a habit of steering its clients to its own productions, where they were employed but at a lower price than their potential free market value. It was a system that made
M.C.A.
and
Lew
Wasserman,
enormously
wealthy.
The ownership of Universal and its entry into the production of television shows that were syndicated to network made M.C.A. the most successful organization in Hollywood of its time, a real cash cow as television overtook the movies as the #1 business of the entertainment industry. Wasserman repaid Ronald Reagan's largess by structuring a deal
by which he hosted and owned part of General Electric Theater (1953), a western omnibus showcase that ran from 1954 to 1961. It made Reagan very comfortable financially, though it did not make him rich. That came later.
In 1960, with the election of the Democratic President John F. Kennedy, the black and gray lists went into eclipse. J.F.K. appointed Helen Gahagan Douglas Treasurer of the United States. About this time, as the civil rights movement became stronger and found more support among Democrats and the Kennedy administration, Reagan - fresh from a second stint as S.A.G. president in 1959 - was in the process of undergoing a personal and political metamorphosis into a right-wing Republican, a process that culminated with his endorsing Barry Goldwater for the Republican presidential nomination in 1964. (He narrated a Goldwater campaign film played at the G.O.P. Convention in San Francisco.) Reagan's evolution into a right-wing Republican sundered his friendship with the Douglases. (After Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980, Melvyn Douglas said of his former friend that Reagan turned to the right after he had begun to believe the pro-business speeches he delivered for General Electric when he was the
host
of
the
\"G.E.
Theater.\")
In 1959, while Reagan was back as a second go-round as S.A.G. president, M.C.A.'s exemption from S.A.G. regulations that forbade a
talent agency from being a producer was renewed. However, in 1962, the U.S.
Justice
Department
under
Attorney
GeneralRobert
F.
Kennedy successfully forced M.C.A. - known as \"The Octopus\" in Hollywood for its monopolistic tendencies - to divest itself of its talent agency.
When Reagan was tipped by the California Republican Party to be its standard-bearer in the 1965 gubernatorial election against Democratic Governor Pat Brown, Lew Wasserman went back in action. Politics makes strange bedfellows, and though Wasserman was a liberal Democrat, having an old friend like Reagan who had shown his loyalty as S.A.G. president in the state house was good for business. Wasserman and his partner, M.C.A. Chairman Jules Styne (a Republican), helped ensure that Reagan would be financially secure for the rest of his life so that he could enter politics. (At the time, he was the host of \"Death Valley Days\" on TV.)
According to the Wall Street Journal, Universal sold Reagan a nice piece of land of many acres north of Santa Barbara that had been used for location shooting. The Reagans sold most of the ranch, then converted the rest of it, about 200 acres, into a magnificent estate overlooking the valley and the Pacific Ocean. The Rancho del Cielo became President Reagan's much needed counterpoint to the buzz of Washington, D.C. There, in a setting both rugged and serene, the Reagans could spend time alone or
receive political leaders such as the Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, Margaret
Thatcher,
and
others.
Reagan was known to the world for his one-liners, the most famous of them was addressed to Mikhail Gorbachev in 1987. \"Mister Gorbachev, tear down this wall\" said Reagan standing in front of the Berlin Wall. That call made an impact on the course of human history. Ronald Reagan played many roles in his life's seven acts: radio announcer, movie star, union boss, television actor-cum-host, governor, right-wing critic of big government and President of the United States.
12.Jack Dorsey:Jack Dorsey (born November 19, 1976) is an American
web developer and businessman widely known as the creator of Twitter and as the founder and CEO of Square, a mobile payments company. In 2008, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
Dorsey grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, and by age 13, he had become interested in dispatch routing. Some of the open source software he created in the area of dispatch logistics is still used by many taxi cab companies. He went to high school at Bishop DuBourg High School and attended the Missouri University of Science and Technology before subsequently transferring to New York University, where he first conceived the idea for Twitter.
While working on dispatching as a programmer he later moved to California.
In Oakland in 2000, Dorsey started his company to dispatch couriers, taxis, and emergency services from the Web. His other projects and ideas at this time included networks of...
13.Theodore Dreise:was an American novelist and journalist of the naturalist school. His novels often featured main characters who succeeded at their objectives despite a lack of a firm moral code, and literary situations that more closely resemble studies of nature than tales of choice and agency.[2] Dreiser's best known novels include Sister Carrie (1900) and An American Tragedy (1925).Dreiser was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, to Sarah Maria (née Schanab) and John Paul Dreiser.[3] John Dreiser was a German immigrant from Mayen in the Eifel region, and Sarah was from the Mennonitefarming community near Dayton, Ohio. Her family disowned her for converting to Roman Catholicism in order to marry John Dreiser. Theodore was the twelfth of thirteen
children
(the
ninth
of
the
ten
surviving). Paul
Dresser (1857–1906) was one of his older brothers; Paul changed the spelling of his name as he became a popular songwriter. They were reared as Catholics.
After graduating from high school in Warsaw, Indiana, Dreiser attended Indiana University in the years 1889–1890 before dropping out. Within several years, Dreiser was writing as a journalist for the Chicago Globe newspaper and then the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. He wrote several articles on writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne,William Dean Howells, Israel Zangwill, John Burroughs, and interviewed public figures such as Andrew Carnegie, Marshall Field, Thomas Edison, and Theodore Thomas. Other interviewees includedLillian Nordica, Emilia E. Barr, Philip Armour and Alfred Stieglitz.
Politically, Dreiser was involved in several campaigns against social injustice. This included the lynching of Frank Little, one of the leaders of the Industrial Workers of the World, the Sacco and Vanzetti case, the deportation of Emma Goldman, and the conviction of the trade union leader Tom Mooney. In November 1931, Dreiser led the National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners (NCDPP) to the coalfields of southeastern Kentucky, where they took testimony from coal miners in Pineville and Harlan on the pattern of violence against the miners and their unions by the coal operators known as the Harlan County War.Dreiser was a committed socialist, and wrote several non-fiction books on political issues. These included Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928), the result of his 1927 trip to the Soviet Union, and two books presenting a critical perspective on capitalist America, Tragic
America (1931) and America Is Worth Saving (1941). He praised the Soviet Union under Stalin during the Great Terror and alliance with Hitler. Theodore Dreiser joined the American Communist Party in August 1945. Although less politically radical friends, such as H.L. Mencken, spoke of Dreiser's relationship with communism as an \"unimportant detail in his life,\" Dreiser's biographer Jerome Loving notes that his political activities since the early 1930s had \"clearly been in concert with ostensible communist aims with regard to the working class.\".Dreiser died on December 28, 1945 in Hollywood at the age of 74.
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