春节英语对联
来源：环球时报
对联1：
Time is a vexation, come up roll n roll. 时尽艰哉，岁月蹉跎事事侯。 Life is a struggle, have 2 step by 1 step. 生多难也，江湖谨慎步步营。 对联2：
上联： Rose sells rose on Rose Road. Rose. 在玫瑰路上卖玫瑰。 下联：Give me hand, hand in hand. 给我你的手，让我们手牵手。 横联：Nowhere? Now here! 任何地方都不？现在在这儿！ 对联3：
上联：Everything is possible. 任何事都有可能。 下联：Impossible is nothing. 没有不可能。 横批：Just do it. 只要肯去做。 对联4：
上联：Sea-water tide，day-to-day tide, every-day tide and every-day ebb. 海浪涨潮，天天涨潮，天天涨潮，又天天退潮。
下联：Floating-clouds appear, often appear, often appear and often go. 漂浮的云出项了，经常出现，经常出现，又经常消失。 对联5：
Get bikini from Bikini, bikini in Bikini, swim to Bikini. 购泳装来比基尼岛，泳装在比基尼岛，游水到比基尼岛。
Go Bikini for bikini, Bikini sales bikini, swim with bikini. 到比基尼岛购泳装，比基尼岛卖泳装，游水需泳装。 对联6：
Open windows of Windows, windows in Windows, shut down Windows. 开窗口在视窗，窗口在视窗，关机闭视窗。
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Since Miss is miss, Miss always miss, search also miss . 女孩竟不在，女孩总不在，找她也不在。 对联7：
To China for china, China with china, dinner on china. 去中国买瓷器，中国有瓷器，吃饭靠瓷器
Turn right get right, right is right, speak by right. 到右边得权利，右边是权利，发言凭权利。 对联8：
A willing mind sees nothing impossible, so the broken pots near the sinking boats witnessed mighty Qin' s surrender before Chu. 有志者，事竟成；破釜成舟，百二秦关终属楚。
A waiting heart regards everything available， so the determination from the torturing hay embraced weak Yue's triumph over Wu. 苦心人，天不负，卧心尝胆，三千越甲可吞吴！ 对联9：
We don't stop playing because we grow old. 我们不要不玩耍因为我们长大了。 We grow old because we stop plating. 我们长大了因为我们不再玩耍了。
“神舟七号”航天飞船的成功升天，既显示了中国的强大国力，也引发了国人强烈的民族自豪感和自信心。下面的词汇也慢慢为一些阅读题所用到。
“神舟号” Shenzhou (Divine Vessel)
神舟七号 Shenzhou VII
载人飞船 manned spaceship/ spacecraft
载人航天 manned space flight
载人航天计划 manned space program
航天服 space suit
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无人飞船 unmanned spaceship / spacecraft
试验太空船 Experimental Spacecraft
多级火箭 multistage rocket
太空舱 capsule
返回式卫星 recoverable satellite
通信卫星 communication satellite
遥感卫星 remote sensing satellite
运载火箭 carrier rocket; rocket launcher
长征二号F运载火箭 Long March II F carrier rocket （“神舟七号”运载火箭）
有效载荷能力 payload capability
近地轨道 low Earth orbit
气象卫星 weather satellite; meteorological satellite
太阳同步轨道卫星 satellite i
2009高考英语写作必背基本句式
2009高考英语写作必背基本句式
1．表明观点与看法
1)People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitude towards sth. 2)People have different opinions on this problem. 3)There exist different opinions on this problem. 4)People take different views of (on) the question.
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5)Some people believe that„Others argue that„
2．说明重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important (necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3)It plays an important role in our life.
3．表述利弊或好坏
1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us.
6)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 7)It does us much harm. 8)It is harmful to us.
4．解释原因与结果
1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is that„
5)We have good reason to believe that„
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6)The reason for this is not far to seek.
５．承认事实与现状
1)We cannot ignore (the fact) that„ 2)No one can deny (the fact) that„ 3)There is no denying (the fact) that„
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 5)However, that’s not the case.
6．表示变化与比较
1) Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2) A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
3) The computer has brought about many changes in education. 4) Compared with A, B„
5) I prefer to read rather than watch TV. 6) There is a striking contrast between them.
7．表达数量增与减
1) It has increased (decreased) from „to„
2) The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800,000. 3) The output of July in this factory increased by 25% compared with that of January.
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8.采取方法与措施
1) We should take some effective measures.
2) We should try our best to overcome (conquer) the difficulties. 3) We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4) We should solve the problems that we are faced with.
9.引用名言、名谚与名理
1) It’s well known to us that„ 2) As is known to us, „
3) This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4) From the graph (table, chart) listed above, it can be seen that.. 5) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
10.表示结论与归纳
1) In short, it can be said that„ 2) In conclusion, I’d like to thank„ 3) It may be briefly summed up as follows.
4) From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that„
精彩英文广告词集锦
<一>
1． Good to the last drop． 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡） 2． Obey your thirst． 服从你的渴望。（雪碧）
3． The new digital era． 数码新时代。（索尼影碟机）
4． We lead． Others copy． 我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机） 5． Impossible made possible． 使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机）
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6． Take time to indulge． 尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）
7． The relentless pursuit of perfection． 不懈追求完美。 （凌志轿车） 8． Poetry in motion， dancing close to me． 动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）
9． Come to where the flavor is． Marlboro Country．光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。（万宝路香烟） 10．To me， the past is black and white， but the future is always color． 对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却是绚烂缤纷。（轩尼诗酒）
11. Just do it. 只管去做。（耐克运动鞋） 12. Ask for more. 渴望无限。（百事流行鞋）
13. The taste is great. 味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡） 14. Feel the new space. 感受新境界。（三星电子）
15. Intelligence everywhere. 智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机） 16. The choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。（百事可乐）
17. We integrate, you communicate. 我们集大成，您超越自我。（三菱电工） 18. Take TOSHIBA, take the world. 拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子） 19. Let’s make things better. 让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子）
20. No business too small, no problem too big. 没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。（IBM公司）
21.Share moments. Share life.分享此刻。分享生命。(柯达胶卷)
<二>精彩英文广告标题
1. Red Star Over Hong Kong <红星照耀下的香港>
2. To Lie Or Not to Lie--The Doctor's Dilemma <撒谎还是不撒谎,这是医生的难题>
3. Tick, Rock, Tick...Talk <滴答,滴答,滴答,说吧>
此句出现于美国<时代>周刊.曾经闹的沸沸扬扬的美国总统克林顿因菲闻而声名狼籍.该标题是模仿钟声给人的一种紧迫该和期待感.由tock变为talk,妙不可言,表明美国人民期待总统快说实话.
4. Pei's Pyramids Puzzle Paris <贝氏的金字塔使巴黎困惑>
贝氏是著名建筑师\\美籍华人贝隶铭.此句意为由他设计建于罗浮宫前的金字塔型建筑令巴黎公众困惑难解.此句出现于美国<时代>周刊
5.Jazzy in Jeans, Sassy in Sweaters <穿上牛仔裤,活泼利索;套上毛线衫,潇洒俊俏>
这是评述戴安娜服饰风格的文章标题.刊登于美国<生活杂志>
6.Sea,Sun,Sand,Seclusion--and Spain 海洋\\阳光\\沙滩\\幽静\\还有西班牙(一则汽车广告)
7.cat costwithout cutting corners 减少花费而不用偷工减料 8. good doing, good drumming 好酒也要勤吆喝.
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9. try our sweet corn, and you'll smile from ear to ear 尝尝我们的甜玉米,包你乐得合不拢嘴.
10. small in dimensions, rich in affections. 方寸之间,深情无限.(集邮爱好者)
11.a walk after a meal improves your fitness a good deal.饭后百步走,活到九十九.
12.business booms far and near, profit nets there and here 生意兴隆通四海,财源茂盛达三江. <三>
Money is not everything. There’s Mastercard & Visa. 钞票不是万能的，有时还需要信用卡.
One should love animals. They are so tasty. 每个人都应该热爱动物，因为它们很好吃.
Love the neighbor. But don‘t get caught. 要用心去爱你的邻居，不过不要让她的老公知道.
Behind every successful man， there is a woman. And behind every unsuccessful man， there are two.
每个成功男人的背后都有一个女人，每个不成功男人的背后都有两个女人。 Every man should marry. After all， happiness is not the only thing in life.
再快乐的单身汉迟早也会结婚，幸福不是永久的嘛.
The wise never marry， And when they marry they become otherwise. 聪明人都是未婚的，结婚的人很难再聪明起来.
Success is a relative term. It brings so many relatives. 成功是一个相关名词，他会给你带来很多不相关的亲戚(联系).
Never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today. 不要等明天交不上差再找借口， 今天就要找好.
Love is photogenic. It needs darkness to develop. 爱情就象照片，需要大量的暗房时间来培养.
Children in backseats cause accidents. Accidents in backseats cause children.
后排座位上的小孩会生出意外， 后排座位上的意外会生出小孩. “Your future depends on your dreams.” So go to sleep. “现在的梦想决定着你的将来”，所以还是再睡一会吧.
There should be a better way to start a day than waking up every morning. 应该有更好的方式开始新一天，而不是千篇一律的在每个上午都醒来. “Hard work never kills anybody.\" But why take the risk？ ” 努力工作不会导致死亡！不过我不会用自己去证明.
“Work fascinates me.” I can look at it for hours！ \" 工作好有意思耶！尤其是看着别人工作.
God made relatives；Thank God we can choose our friends.
神决定了谁是你的亲戚，幸运的是在选择朋友方面他给了你留了余地。
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When two‘s company， three‘s the result！ 两个人的状态是不稳定的，三个人才是！
A dress is like a barbed fence. It protects the premises without restricting the view.
服饰就象铁丝网，它阻止你冒然行动，但并不妨碍你尽情地观看.
The more you learn， the more you know， The more you know， the more you forget. The more you forget， the less you know. So why bother to learn. 学的越多，知道的越多， 知道的越多；忘记的越多， 忘记的越多；知道的越少，为什么学来着？
1、最宽阔的胸怀：虚怀若谷——have a mind as open as a valley 2、最吝啬的人：一毛不拔———unwilling to give up even a hair
3、最快的速度：风驰电掣———swift as the wind and quick as lightning 4、最个性化的教育：因材施教——teach students in accordance with their aptitude
5、最坚毅的品质：知难而进——press forward in the face of difficulties 6、最艰难的争辩：理屈词穷——fall silent on finding oneself bested in argument
7、最绝望的前途：山穷水尽——where the mountains and the rivers end 8、最难得的约会：千载难逢——occurring only once in a thousand years 9、最严重的外伤：体无完肤——have cuts and bruises all over the body 10、最长的腿：一步登天———reach the sky in a single bound 11、最高的巨人：顶天立地———be of gigantic stature 12、最快的流水：一泻千里———rush down a thousand li 13、最悬殊的区别：天壤之别——a world of difference
14、最周密的安排：面面俱到——attend to each and every aspect of a matter 15、最荒凉的地方：不毛之地——barren land; desert
16、最遥远的地方：海角天涯——the ends of the earth; the corner of the world
17、最无用的东西：一钱不值——not worth a penny
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18、最反常的气候：晴天霹雳——a bolt from the blue 19、最难做的饭：无米之炊———cook a meal without rice 20、最快的阅读：一目十行———take in ten lines at a glance 21、最经典的音乐：百听不厌———worth hearing a hundred times 22、最平静的海面：波平如镜——the wave is smooth as a glass
23、最痛快的发言：畅所欲言——speak out freely; speak one’s mind freely 24、最无目的的跑：东奔西跑——run around here and there; rush about 25、最精彩的棋局：棋逢对手——meet one’s match in a chess tournament 26、最忙碌的工作：日理万机——attend to numerous affairs of state every day
27、最快捷的变迁：日新月异——change with each passing day 28、最有效的治疗：手到病除———bring back life to a patient 29、最难解决的问题：悬而未决——hang in doubt
30、最有学问的人：博古通今——conversant with things past and present
高考英语书面表达题型分析与备考策略
书面表达是历年高考英语的重点主观测试题之一，它有利于考查学生运用英语语言
知识的综合能力，这种综合能力包括从单词拼写、词语搭配、词法结构到语法，从遣词造句、把握要领、谋篇布局到修辞风格等。该题在高考英语卷中占25分，约占全卷分值17%，是重要题型。而在听、说、读、写四项技能中，“写”是最令学生头疼，有些学生对书面表达题束手无策，无从下手。在日常的书面表达作业处理上，很多老师不注重及时给予批改或提供反馈信息；而在平常的考试测验中书面表达题很多时候被老师们看成是“调节剂”，即根据试卷的难易程度来判分，间接导致学生不能客观对待自己的写作能力。在对书面表达的订正往往老师仅局限与把范文读给学生听或张贴。久而久之学生对写作持敷衍态度，良好的写作习惯没有养成，导致书面表达题又成为高考失分的主要方面。
因此，在高中阶段尤其是在高三备考阶段的英语教学中，如何进行有针对性的强化训练和学法指导，培养学生的英语书面表达能力是极为重要的。 一、高考书面表达题型分析
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高考书面表达旨在考查学生的书面运用语言的能力，看其是否能运用所学的知识和所掌握的技能进行思想交流。从历年的书面表达题来看，要求所写的题目形式多样，有记叙文(Narration)、说明文(Exposition)、描写文(Description)、日记(Diary)、书信(Letter) 、通知(Notice)和便条(Note)等等，所涉及的内容繁多。根据《高考英语科考试说明》，书面表达的题目要求考生根据所给情景（包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等）和提供的形式（图画、图表、提纲等）写一篇100字的短文，文章要切中题意，语言要准确得当，条理清楚。在体裁与题材上要多加注意。
本文就怎样做好书面表达题提出本人的几点看法。
【样题】假设你是李华，你上个星期去市图书馆看书发现以下问题，你写信向馆长Mr.Li反映：
1、新书太少； 2、书架上的书比较混乱； 3、阅览室的一盏灯坏了； 4、管理员工作时彼此闲聊。 注意：
1、词数100左右；
2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3、信的开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Mr.Li,
Last Sunday, I went to do some reading in your library. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
So for the sake of readers I suggest that you change all these as soon as possible. Yours, Li Hua 二、高考书面表达中常见的问题
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在高考英语科的考试中，书面表达仍是不少学生最薄弱的环节，相当一部分学生提笔无话可写或一写就错，严重影响了中学英语素质教育的发展。因此，我们有必要认真分析学生在书面表达中存在的一些带普遍性的问题。帮助他们提高这方面的动手能力。从大量的学生习作中不难发现，书面表达题主要存在以下五个方面的问题：
1、句子结构错误：不遵循英语句式要求，按汉语思维或习惯拼凑中国式英语，或主要句子成份不全。如：There have only few new books. There was a light was broken in the reading room.
2、时态、语态错误：写作时想不到应考虑动作发生的时间不同，主语是否是谓语所表示动作的执行者，应用不同的时态、语态去描述。如：I found a light in the reading room has broken. They were chatting while they are working. Some books didn’t put in order.
3、词性、词形变化错误：表现在“主谓一致，名词（动词）单复数，单词拼写及大小写等方面”。如： on the shelfs（复数不明确）, the librarians错误拼写为librariers, have a bad affect on readers
4、用词错误：对一些常用词语的区别，使用场合，习惯用法，搭配等不熟悉。如affect/effect混淆, chat about each other. A lamp was broken. I reflect you a question.
5、“谋篇布局”失误 词、句子或段落之间缺少必要的小词（如介词、连词和冠词），因此文章显得支离破碎；往往出现有头无尾，要点不全，或不紧扣主题，随意发挥；格式不规范、书写潦草，卷面不整洁等不良现象。 三、应试策略 1、审 题
拿到题目后，首先要认真审题，看要写的文章属什么体裁，按照所提供的信息，以第几人称，并运用何种时态、语态来写。NMET 书面表达用什么语态、是有一定规律可循的，引导学生从审题开始就注意审定时态。从时空特征上看，通知类是瞻前的，相应所用主要时态是将来时；情况介绍类的属眼下的, 相应所用主要时态应是现在时。值得注意的是，在一篇书面表达中，除应注意所用的主要时态以外还应注意时态的转换：描写“今昔”对比情况时，既要用现在时，又要用过去时；描写人物外表性格时应用现在时，描写其事迹时，应用过去时，强调结果时，应用现在完成时；某些动词（短语）（如：happen、 cost、 rise 、belong to 、break out等）只有主动语态，那就不能用被动语态。这样初步形成这篇文章的大致框架。在本书面表达题中我们就可以明确所发现的问题如管理员聊天，灯坏了应该用过去时态来表示，而书籍没有分类应该是一直所存在的问题用一般现在时表示。对于灯坏了，书没有分类应用被动语态来表达。
２、根据提示要点，草拟提纲
书面表达的评分依据之一是内容要点，因此在确定题目后，应尽量把与主题有关的材料写下来，关键要抓住要点进行归纳，紧抓主题，切不可随意发挥。并且要对文章所要写的内容条理化，要列出所要表达的各要点。哪个先写，哪个后写，要写哪些，这样就比较容易把
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握这些要点，并可根据要点适当发挥。从而有效排除干扰信息，以免东扯西拉，真正做到正确分析和筛选有效信息。在本书面表达题中1，2内容要点我们可以按照顺序进行写作，而3，4内容要点我们可以穿插写作，聊天是工作马虎的表现没有注意灯坏了就成了顺理成章的事了
3、将提纲扩展成句，写出初稿
一篇文章的最大工程就是写出初稿。提纲拟好后，要根据文章所拟的要点去写，把题目提供的内容组句成文。但要注意，主要内容要详写，次要内容要略写。本书面表达题应以组织要点内容为主，即反映所发现的不好现象，而建议观点等细节为辅，不能冲淡原题的主题思想。此题考察内容也比较贴近学生生活实际，考察的能力既全面又实际。除此之外，这篇文章的写作成败，除了内容切题，剪裁适当外，则关键体现在语言的表达和结构严谨上。 (I)表达：正确、流畅、文采好
新的评分标准对考生运用语言和语法结构的复多样性方面提出了更高的要求。新评分标准鼓励学生尽量使用教复杂的结构和高级词汇，并且由此所产生的错误采取宽容态度。但有些考生为了避免出错，采取保守的方式，通篇用的是简单句和普通词汇，表达方式、句型和措辞缺少变化。这在一定程度上影响得分。
评价一篇文章的好坏的一条重要原则就是“上下文连贯”，要让评卷者有一种通篇流畅，一
气呵成的感觉，这就要有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯。 (1)巧用过渡性词汇，增加文章的逻辑性与连贯性
因为过渡词可使文章结构更紧凑，上下文更连贯，逻辑性、可读性更强，更能增加文章的醒目性。
常见的过渡词有：
表时间顺序：first / second / finally / then /soon / at last ,etc 表空间顺序：here / there / on / under / above / in front of / next to ,etc 表转折顺序：but / yet / however / otherwise ,etc
表因果关系：because (of)/ since / thanks to / as a result , etc 表并列关系：and / also / too /as well as / therefore / so ,etc 表对称关系：on one hand„on the other hand
表递进关系：what’s more / what’s worse / worse still / to make things worse ,etc
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过渡性插入语：as we all know / as far as I know / I’m sure / I’m afraid/ I think / I suppose / in one’s opinion ,etc
在本书面表达题中我们可以用到first / second， what’s worse，therefore，I think等这样的过渡词语。
(2)引导学生正确使用常用多义词
英语中有许多常用词有多义性，引导学生正确使用这类词，既能减轻学生的记忆负担，又能提高学生的书面表达水平。如：save 一词既可作“拯救”解，又可作“节省（约）、储蓄”解：He saved the boy from drowning. If we take a taxi, we shall save time. It＇s a good way to save money in the bank. 又如：fire 一词即可做名词又可作动词用。作名词用时意思为“火、一堆火、火灾”、作动词用时有“解雇、开除”还有“射击、开火”等意思。
(3)巧用高级语法，提高文章的表达档次
考生应掌握一些表达效果好，使用场合广，操作简便易行的较高级语法与词法。如分词作状语和定语、不定式、强调句、感叹句、with的复合结构，such as 、like、namely 表列举，such as 、in general、 in short、 in all、 in a word 、after all这些表总结的形式来提高文章的档次，提高文章的品位。 (II) 结构严谨
文章是由句子、段落构成的。因此前后要衔接，内容要连贯，层次要分明。题目所提供的信息有时是分条叙述的，有时是杂乱无章的，有时相互之间没有逻辑联系。不想连贯时可适当使用一些过渡词，如：besides ,however ,finally ,in the end ,then ,thus, etc . 另外要引导学生“开好头，收好尾 ” 有些学生的英语基本功较扎实，句式、时态、要点等方面不会失分，但却容易在开头和收尾两处由于“偏离主题，随意发挥”而失分。高考书面表达现在分为两种类型：一是限制性作文；二是开放性作文。但无论是哪一类型，一般说来，开头应采用“开门见山”法，收尾应用一至二句干净利落收尾。切不可开头洋洋洒洒，好一阵子不能切入正题，而收尾却潦潦草草，甚至没有收尾句。 ４、注意修改
写完一篇文章之后，要经过认真仔细的修改之后才能定稿，切忌草率从事，同时要掌握修改校对的方法，检查格式是否正确，内容是否遗漏，句子是否有误，时态、语态是否正确，标点、大小写、单词拼写是否正确，以及是否符合要求，最后誊写还应工整、认真。尽管书面表达用时不多，但修改是必要的，效果是明显的，可以避免一些不必要的错误，适当增加作文的得分。
5、适当引导学生进行“书面表达”的备考训练
在临近高考时，适时对学生进行“书面表达”的备考训练，有利于提高学生书面表达的实战能力。备考训练主要是对学生就一篇短文写作过程的演示与讲解。以图示题为例，可分
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以下四个步骤进行：“一看、二译、三串、四修正”。
“一看,二译”，即根据所掌握的内容要点，着手逐一试译，在翻译过程中，不要硬译，应根据自己的实际水平扬长避短，避难就易。可采取“不求形式，但求意合，正说有疑，反面着手，一法不成，另找他径的方法”。
“三串”，即将上述试译的句子，再适当增加细节串通。 “四修正”即根据串通后初步写成的书面材料认真修改并检查。
综上所述，要提高学生“书面表达”的能力。一定要立足于平时打牢基础，练好基本功；二要研究高考书面表达的要求，重视技巧训练；三要适时进行备考训练，这样，学生“书面表达”能力就会稳步提高
50 things that really matter
In my opinion, these things matter… 1. Listening enough to care and caring enough to listen.
2. Being a dreamer but not living in a dream world.
3. Saying \"It doesn't matter\" and meaning it.
4. Being a positive influence in any way possible, to as many as possible, for as long as I possibly can.
5. Balancing justice with mercy and fairness with common sense.
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6. Being patient and patiently enduring. 7. Earning credibility instead of demanding compliance.
8. Valuing the wisdom of discernment, the danger of pleasure without restraint, and the joy of victory with integrity. 9. Being worthy of trust and trusting what's worthwhile.
10. Enjoying all things small and beautiful.
11. Words that heal. 12. Words that help.
13. And words that encourage.
14. Forgiving myself for what I've done and others for what they haven't.
15. Gaining what I desire without losing what I should gain.
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16. Maintaining the passion of purpose while avoiding the pit falls of making hasty decisions with little or no discernment.
17. Watching \"You've Got Mail\" one more time.
18. Enjoying life for all it holds instead of holding out for all it has yet to become.
19. Giving praise without demands and encouragement without expectations. 20. Hugs.
21. Healing wounds.
22. And helping people realize their dreams.
23. Knowing when I can, can't and shouldn't.
24. Laughter for the sake of laughter!
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25. Leading while not forgetting how to follow.
26. Honoring the honorable and avoiding the painful errors of the disgraceful.
27. Knowing the power of commitment, the rewards of self-discipline and the meaning of faith in myself and others. 28. Smiles -- lots of them.
29. Learning as much as I can for as long as I can.
30. Standing for what's right when everything's wrong, and saying \"I'm wrong\" when something's not right. 31. Letting the music play.
32. Knowing I can and seeking help when I can't.
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33. Just doing nothing at just the right time.
34. Filling my mind with all that is excellent, truthful, full of hope, and worthy of thinking about again.
35. Kisses that say \"I love you\" more than \"I need you.\"
36. Treasuring ideas for their untapped potential. 37. Caring. 38. Giving.
39. And having fun.
40. Refusing to believe lies about myself or others regardless of the source -- including what I hear from within. 41. Trusting enough to see good in people without blindly trusting in the goodness of all people.
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42. Success without self-absorption. 43. Showing I know the difference
between keeping the rules and listening with understanding.
44. Winning with dignity. 45. Losing with grace.
46. And learning from both.
47. Believing in all my possibilities -- and yours too!
48. Appreciating the wisdom of
maturity and the beauty of childhood. 49. Avoiding the bondage of bitterness, the deceit of wealth without character, and the vanity of pride without gratefulness.
50. Loving for all I'm worth because in the end it's worth it all.
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（2）中学英语语法口诀集锦
基数词变序数词[之一)： 基变序，有规律， 词尾字母tdd。① 八减t，九减e，
f要把ve替。②ty把y变成i， 记住th前有个e。③
①按：指first、second、third。
②按：指eight去掉t，nine去掉e，five和twelve去掉ve 加上f。
⑦按：指twenty→twentieth等。
基数词变序数词(之二)： 第一、二、三要全变，①
其余“th”加后边，⑧“th”里有例外， 你需格外记明白： 八减t，九减e，②
字母f代ve，④ty变tie。⑥
①one——first，two——second，three——third。 ②four-fourth，seven-seventh，hundred-hundredth。 ③eight——eighth，nine—ninth。 ④five—fifth，twelve—twelfth。
⑤twenty—twentieth，sixty——sixtieth。
there be的位置和用法： 说明何时何地有， there be在主语前。 随着主语第一个， be的形式做变换。
be going to的用法： be going是助动词， 后跟加to不定式。
说明“准备”或“就要”， 时间人称只变be 。
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have+got：
have作为动词“有”， 情态动词have to； have got惯用语， got可有也可无。 若变否定和疑问， 去掉got再加do； 或把have提句首， not加在have后。
以or结尾的词：
售票员班长(照)镜子， 蓖麻教授(找)医生。
按：有些同学常把-or结尾的词误拼为-er结尾的词。初中课本l-6册只有六个以。or结尾的词。它们是：doctor n．医生(第一册)；monitor 22．班长(第二册)；conductor n．售票员(第四册)；mirror n．镜子(第五册)；castor n．蓖麻(第六册)；professor n．教授(第六册)；
以f结尾的名词变复数，特殊情况有几个？
一个农奴（serf）从海湾（gulf）来到房顶（roof）上， 有了证据（proof）， 增加了信仰（belief）， 加上-s成对成双。
接-ing作宾语的及物动词有那些？我们用了这样一个虚构词
“madpsfmeicarfe”，其汉语谐音为“卖的不是发霉咖啡”帮助归纳记忆。每一个字母代表一个英语单词。m-mind(介意),a-avoid(避免),d-delay(推迟),p-practise(练习),s-stop(停止),f-finish(完成),a-advise(建
议),m-miss(错过),e-escape(逃脱),I-insiston(坚持),c-can’t help(禁不住),a-admit(承认),r-risk(冒险),f-fancy（认为，想象），e-enjoy(喜爱)。
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及物动词后宾语从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形时，我们就用这样一个口诀进行集中：
一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求 其宾语从句用“should+动词原形”， should既可以省略， should也可以保留。
一坚持，即insist；二命令，即order, command；三建议，即suggest, propose, advise；四要求，即ask, demand, require, request。
所属关系用to的情况我们这样集中： 钥匙答案纪念碑，注释索引和附录， 出口入口桥与路，参观介绍多用to。
例如：the key to the bike自行车的钥匙,the answer to the question问题的答案,the Monument to the People’s Heroes人民英雄纪念碑,the note to the text课文注释,the exit to the cinema电影院出口,the bridge to knowledge知识桥梁, the way to the school去学校的路，pay a visit to the Great Wall参观长城等。
词尾-s, -es, -ed的发音一般规则为“清清浊浊”。 ○1-s, -es通常在清辅音之后，发清辅音[s]，在浊辅音和元音之后发浊辅音[z]，在[s, z, ∫,3 , t∫,d3 ]后面发[iz]。可用这句话帮助记忆： 清读[s]，元、浊[z]，[s, z, ∫,3 , t∫,d3 ]之后读[iz]。
○2-ed在清辅音之后读[t]，在元音和浊辅音后发浊辅音[d]，在[t, d]后面发[id]。可用这句话帮助记忆：
清读[t], 元、浊[d], [t, d]之后读[id]。 ○3加-s变为复数时发生音变的词：例如：
mouth[mauθ]-mouths [mauðz]，bath[bα:θ]-baths[bα:ðz], path[pα:θ]- paths[pα:ðz], youth[ju:θ]- youths[ju: ðz], 可用这个句子帮助记忆：
一个青年去洗澡，回来路上张着嘴。
其它-th结尾的名词变为复数不发生音变。 ○4oo读音。用这个句子帮助记忆：
童年时好脚、 站在羊毛、木头上，见到老K发短音。
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例如： boyhood, good, foot, stood, wool, wood, book, look, cook等中的oo都发短音[u]。名词单数变为复数形式，情况特殊的单词超前集中：
当复习到动词不定式（短语）作宾语补足语时，我们就进行了综合集中，把动词不定式（短语）作宾语不足语不带to的所有及物动词进行了归纳。我们用了这样一个口诀帮助学生学习。 不定式作宾补， 何时不带to?
下面口诀来帮助。
“两听”、“五看”、“一感觉”， 使役动词有三个。
数词变化规律及读法口诀：
两大数词基和序，前表数量后第几。 构成先谈基数词，1至12请认真记。 13至19teen结尾齐，ty结尾表示几十。 若要表达几十几，几十短横1到9。 One hundred 一百记，若表几百几十几。 几百 and几十几，基数规律上述里。 再把序数谈仔细，第一至三独立记。第四至十九结尾th,第廿到九十有规律。 基数基础y变ieth。第几十几有特例，第几十由基数起，几用序数有道理。 第一百one hundred。若说第一百几十几。 One hundred and第几十几。谈此即告一段落。序有缩式莫忘记，上述须用心体味。
句子种类口诀：
句子按用途分四大体，陈述疑问感叹和祈使。陈述用来叙述一件事。疑问主要用来提问题。
祈使表达命令和请求。表达强烈感情感叹句。 上述九是句种之定义。祈使主语you被抛弃。若将其变成否定形式，动词之前加don’t是正理。
陈述句变感叹句口诀：
英语陈述变感叹两句套。What 或How加其他成分表。What [a(an)]形加名用的妙。剩余照写句末用感叹号。 How 后副和形是正确道，其后照写感叹号堪称妙。
一般现在时用法及句型转换口诀：
经常习惯动作和真理，是一般现在时的定义。构成除单三皆动原式。若逢动词第三人称体， 动词变单三式有道理。若要变成否定的形式，动词原形之前加don’t,除单三人称外无特例。
单三式前doesn’t动原基。句首Do,Does疑问起，Does用单三人称限制，单三还原形没大问题。
变动词单三人称口诀：
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一般情况动词尾-s加。O,s,ch,sh结尾“-es”没有差。 辅音加y 去y为“-ies”是方法。
现在进行时及句型转换口诀：
现在正在进行之动作，用现在进行时来掌舵。构成be加现在分词妥，be的用法如同系动词。切记be是助动词没错，be后面加not否定拓。Be提句首疑问有把握，上述内容记清好处多。
现在分词构成口诀：
词尾直加-ing是一般式，若遇无音e去之加-ing。 重读闭音一辅音字母尾，双写该字母-ing是正里。
形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀：
结尾直加-er,-est属一般，详细构成方法逐一来侃谈。一辅音结尾重读闭音节看，辅音双写-er,-est是习惯。辅音加y(ly)除外有型感，按照去y,-er,-iest方法办。上述皆属单音部分双音段，下面把多音节规律来看看。词前加more,most此规律唤。规则变化到此已全都谈完。有些不规则变化请你记全。“双
好”better,best记的宽。“坏病”worse,worst莫记乱。“双多” more,most不用管 “老、远”两种形式别记篡，“有点”less,least记清盼。
感观使役动词记忆和使用口诀：
记忆口诀：二听四看一感觉，使役动词有三个。 或：一感二听三使四看。 一感；feel 二听：hear,listen to 三使：make ,let ,have四看：look at,see,watch,notice
使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to在句中象妖怪。 主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。 动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。
规则动词加-ed的读音口诀：
元音后[t]，浊音后[d]，[t][d ]后读[id]。 注：浊音包括浊辅音和元音。
时刻表达法口诀：
时刻表达法作用大，衣食住行离不开它。 整点时把点钟数打，时分俱全不好表达。 请记下列几种方法：先时后分莫给弄差。若要说明几点过几分，可把past和after来抓。前分后时不能搞差，要说几点几分差， to前分后时来表达。
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形容词和副词的比较等级及用法句型口诀：
一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。 若要比项掌握齐，比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。
若甲乙程度相同，as„as 结构体。甲某方面不及乙，用 not so/as„as表示。上述内容全记起，比较等级谈完毕。
不定式和动名词都可以作宾语，为了方便记忆，现总结一些技巧和口诀： 只能接动名词作宾语的动词：
建议停止享受--想象完成逃跑(suggest， advise， stop， resist， enjoy， imagine， finish， escape)承认借口--推迟实践(admit， excuse， delay， practise)
认为应该保持头脑清醒--懂得避免冒险(consider， keep， mind， understand， avoid， miss， risk)
另外还有几个短语： succeed in， be busy， be worth， be used to， give up， look forward to
只能接不定式作宾语的动词：
offer(提出)， learn(学会)， intend， plan(打算)， demand， ask(要求)， promise (答应)， help (帮忙)， prepare (准备)， decide， determine (决定)， refuse (拒绝)， dare(敢于)， manage(设法)， wish， hope want， expect(希望，想要)， fail， pretend (假装)， choose(甘愿)
同意提出学会的打算，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于设法有希望。未能做到莫假装，选择破釜沉舟当自强。
既能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：
forget, go on, mean, remember, stop, try， regret,巧记，即\"四'记'力争不后悔\"。四记指(记得/记住；忘记；计划/打算；继续)；力争指try；不后悔指 \"stop
regretting\"-stop 与regret。如：
1. The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness, so he tried treating her with a new medicine.
2. The teacher asked us to go on reading the text instead of going on to do the exercises.
3. What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday. But today I forgot to return the money to him again.
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4. The pupils stopped to write their compositions when the teacher said angrily, \"Stop talking, children.\"
5. I regretted to tell him that he had been dismissed. To my surprise, he said to me, \" I have no regrets, I only regret having taken the wrong job.\"
6. I can't help thinking he's lying, so I can't help to apologize for him. 7. \"Remember to return the bat to me.\" \"But I remember having returned it to you.\"
记忆方法“口诀：
(1)记单词，要“五到”，眼嘴手脑齐开炮；读写背默各几遍，印象清晰记得牢。(“五到”记忆法)
(2)记过单词莫靠边，几天之后再看看；似忘非忘又温习，反反复复印心间。(循环记忆法)
(3)单词多了别心烦，分片分组来攻占；五个一组先吃掉，几组连成一大片。(分组记忆法)
(4)结合词组句子记，有情有景有意义；重点段落须背诵，理解深刻有乐趣。(理解记忆法)
(5)要想单词不写错，语音一关还得过；读音规律掌握好，拼写自然少差错。(语音记忆法)
(6)分类归纳便于记，同类词汇放一起；bike，plane和jeep，归到交通工具里。(归纳记忆法)
(7)同义近义反义词，辨析对比来记忆，比较对照才开窍，印象深刻记得牢。(对比记忆法)
(8)单词长了容易忘，卡片纸条来帮忙；mathematics不好记，纸条贴到《数学》上。(卡片记忆法)
(9)构词法，要学习，前缀后缀有规律；转换常把词类变，合成本是二合一。(构词记忆法)
(10)课外读物有情趣，单词复现便于记；只要坚持常阅读，一举几得大有益。(阅读记忆法)
动词的不定式：
①不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。 ②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。 ③主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。
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④not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。 ⑤疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。 ⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。
解析：①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。
②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。
③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。
④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。
⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。
⑥通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。 动名词：
哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。 喜欢、考虑不可免（enjoy, consider, escape, avoid） 停止，放弃太冒险（stop, give up , risk） 反对想象莫推延（mine, imagine, delay, put off） 要求完成是期望（require, finish, look forward to.） 建议继续勤*练（suggest, go on, practise）
不禁原谅要坚持（can’t help, excuse , insist on） 继续注意使成功（keep on, mind, succeed in）
多个形容词并开修饰一个名词的问题：
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有两三个形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词。若有多个形容词修饰，可用下面这句话来判断、排列它们的顺序：县官行令杀国材。
其意思是：县（限）代表限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词，所有格，数字等。
官（观）代表表示观点的描绘性形容词，eg: fine beautiful interesting等。 行（形）代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词：eg: small tall, high, little, round等。
令代表表示年龄、新旧的形容词：eg: old, young等。
杀色（近似音）代表表示颜色的形容词：eg: white, black等。
国代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词：eg: Englsih, American, moun tain等。 材代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词，eg: wooden, silk, plastic, stone等。 请看下面的例子： a fine old stone bridge; two big round new Chinese wooden tables; his large new black foreign car.
感官动词和使役动词：
记忆此项动词，可归纳于“五三二一”，即： “五看”—see, watch, notice, observe, look at; “二使”—let, make, have; “三听”—hear, listen to; “一觉”—feel.
“否定转移”的5个常用词：
我认为（think）猜想（suppose）与想象（imagine）都不可相信（believe），我期待（expect）等着你的回答。eg: I don’t think he’ll come tomorrow.
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“同源宾语”的七个常用词：
微笔（smile）着生话（live）歌唱（sing）着战斗（fight）死(die)也像睡觉（sleep）做梦（dream）一样甜蜜。
eg: Now we’re living a happy life and often dream good dreams.
巧记常用于“主语没有生命胜似有”之类句子谓语的七个动词：
如果看见(see)或发现(discover) Turn(音译：特恩)，一定要找到(find)他，并带（bring）他到这儿给（give）大伙展示（show）一下。 eg: Tomorrow’ll see the opening of the meeting. Dusk found a little boy crying in the street.
巧学定语从句：
由两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复句时，对于关系代词、关系副词的取舍是个难点。如下两句话，用起来倒方便，快捷： 代代代①，副代副②；
有介要用代③，无介关副代④。
说明：①是说用关系代词代替定语从句中的代词或名词。即将两个句子合并成定语从句时，在确定先行词后（在主句中），把另一个句子（定语从句）中的代词或名词用关系代词代替，紧跟在先行词之后即可。这里当然要记住，应把被代替的代词或名词去掉。
eg: The teacher is my brother. He is teaching.
→The teacher who (代替代词he, 故也须将he去掉)is teaching is my brother.
②与①同理。即用关系副词代替定语从句中的副词（或作状语的介词短语）。这时的关系副词也照样紧跟在先行词之后。eg:
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We visited the factory.
She worked in the factory last year.
→We visited the factory, Where (代替相当于副词作状语的介词词组in the factory) she worked last year.
③和④两句是指如果定语从句中有作状语的介词短语，保留介词就要用关系代词，或用关系副词代替整个介词短语。 eg:
I still remember that day.I joined the Party on that day. →I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.
变被动语态的方法：
被动语态的学习是中学阶段英语的一项重点内容，又是难点的语法项目，近几年的高考题里，年年都少不了有它的“足迹”或“影子”。关于被动词态的构成，可用下列口诀帮助记忆：
被动语态强调“宾”，用 be加上“过去分”。 “be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。 “行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“by”来引。 原句若是双宾语，一变“主”来一保“宾”。 “间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。 “直宾”要把主语变，“间宾”前加“to”最称心。 唯有原“宾”是“复合”，只有变宾要当心。 原句“宾补”变“主补”，位置不必挪寸分。 情态动词变“被动”，情态加be加过分。 如若“情态”后带to，变后有to才弄准。 “短语动词”变“被动”，相当“及物”莫疑心。 不过其后“介”或“副”，变后还得要承认。
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（1）中学英语语法口诀集锦
定冠词： 特指双熟悉 上文已提及 世上独无二 叙述最高级 某些专有名 习语和乐器
记忆定冠词的一些用法：
特指、重提和唯一，岛屿，海峡和海湾；海洋，党派最高级，沙漠，河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代，团体与机关；船名，建筑和组织，会议，条约与报刊；姓氏复数，国全名，请你记住用定冠。 下列情况免冠词： 代词限定名词前 专有名词不可数 学科球类三餐饭 两季星期月份前 颜色语种和国名 称呼习语和头衔 谓语be的用法： 我用am，你用are 除此之外的单数 包括他她还有它 统统都是用is 我们你们和他们 只要复数都用are
一般疑问句和否定句的变化： 一般问句并不难， 谓语调到主语前。 大写小写有变化， 句末要把问号加。 第一人称常变二。 否定句就更简单， 中间加上一not， 谓语动词提到前。 现在进行时很好记 结构be＋动词ing。
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be由主语来决定， 句中常用标志词， now，look，listen！ 一般现在时：
肯定句的现在式。 不是三单用原形， 是三单就加s，es， 若是否定疑问句， 没有be就加个do， 碰到三单加does。 如把does加在前， 动词就要还原形。 一般过去时：
肯定句的过去式。 规则动词加ed， 不规则的必须记。 否定形式疑问句， 没有be加did。 如把did加在前， 动词也要还原形。
特殊的形容词、副词的比较级、最高级： 一分为二有两个， 一是远来一是老。 合二为一共三对， 坏病两多并两好。 还有一词双意含， 只译少来不译小。 比较等级的运用： 原级用在as„as间， 比较级用在than前。 and连接两个比较级， 说明“越来越怎样”。 三者以上最高级， 副词前可不加the。
still，even，和much， 比较级前“更怎样”。 还有alot和alittle， 也常修饰比较级。
英语中有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其中诀是：一感二听三让四观看。
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一感：feel 二听：hear、listen to
三让：let、have、make 四观看：observe、see、watch、look at
分开“一段时间”， some time表示“一段时间”； 相聚“在某一时”，sometime表示“在某一时”； “有时”相聚加s，sometimes表示“有时，不时”； “几次”分开带s，some times表示“几次，次数”。
直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 told\\asked\\ordered,根据口气来选定。告；诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do后边行。
die of,die of,饥老病冷毒。 君可见die by,弱伤劳过度。 浮生真若梦，一刀便成空。
（注：“浮若梦”即from;“一刀便成空”指死于意外。
只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词： 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿； 放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成； 注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁； 允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。
如：建议：advise,suggest,冒险:risk,献身:devote oneself to
后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词；特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清，“放弃”“享受”可“后悔”， “坚持”“练习”必“完成”，“延期”“避免”非“介意”； 掌握它们今必行。
倒装口诀：
副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。 only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。
否定意义副连词，“既不„也不”须倒装。 表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。 such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。 had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。
省略口诀：
回答问题要简洁，并列重复须省略。 祁使主语必省略，比较than后须省略。 宾从表从that省略，主从that勿省略。 前后出现同一词，惯用习语常省略。
be 的用法口诀：
我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它； 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。
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变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。
时间名词前所用介词的速记歌： 年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。
遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。
at也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上to，
说“过”只用past，多说多练牢牢记， 莫让岁月空蹉跎。
记住f(e)结尾的名词复数：
妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；
躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。名词变复数f 变为-ves口诀:贼的妻子用半片树叶和一把小刀杀死了一匹狼thief, wife, half, leaf, knife, wolf
f和fe结尾的名词变复数时，首先将f和fe变为v, 再加-es，我们也可用一句话来记，“狼（wolf）和小偷（thief）的妻子（wife）用小刀（knife）威胁书架(shelf)上的半片（half）叶子（leaf）的生命（life）。
非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词 动词后，不定式，want, hope和wish， agree, decide, mean, manage, promise, expect, pretend,且说两位算在此， 要记牢，要记住，掌握它们*自己。
后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词 一些动词要掌握，have, let和make,
此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see， 还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记 除此之外，还可以掌握“八字言”，
一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让 have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch
动词不定式不带to的动词
四看(notice，observe，see，watch)， 三使役(have，let，make)， 二听(hear，listen to)， 一感觉(feel)。①
①按：在上述动词后做宾语补语用的不定式不带too
分词做定语的位置及其它：
“定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。 单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。
分词短语在词后，“定从”和它互对照。 “现分”动作进行时，“过分”动作
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完成了。（注：“定分”：做定语的分词；“定从”：定语从句；“现分”：现在分词；“过分”：过去分词。）
分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义： 分词做状语，概有七意义。“
时间”和“原因”，“结果”与“目的”。 “方式”加“伴随”，“条件”常出席。 且谈其主语，谓语头前的*。
欲要记住它，必须常练习。（*指句子的主语）
独立主格结构：
独立结构要认清：名、代之后副或形。 或是分词或“介短”，with结构不可轻， 名代二词是其“主”，句子结构必分明。 独立结构好掌握句中作用只一个： 千变万化皆做“状”，其中意义也不多。 “时间”“条件”和“原因”，“方式”“伴随”没别的。 “状从”和其前三个，可以互变不难学。 英语分数巧记：
英语分数不费事，“母序子基”四个字。 分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。
巧记英文信封的写法：
A.可以记住汉字“尖”字，先写小地名，再写大地名。
B.将竖式汉文写法的信封，按顺时针方向旋至水平位置。这样，地址的排列顺序恰巧是英文信封的书写格式。
long before 和before long long 在前（long before)，“很久前”，long在后(before long)，“不久后”。 巧记lie和lay：
躺 lie,lay,lain,lie in bed again; 撒谎 lie,lied,lied,don't be a liar; 产蛋 lay,laid,laid,a hen laid an egg;
放置 A loy picked it up,and laid it in the bag.
lie lay lain躺／lay laid laid放下；产蛋／lie lied
规则的“撒谎”，不规则的“躺”，“躺”过就“下蛋”，“下蛋”不规
则。 “规则”指规则变化，“不规则”即不规则变化，如lie作“撒谎”解时，是规则变化，即其过去式和过去分词直接加-d；“躺过”的“过”指的是过去式，即lie的过去式lay是“下蛋”的原形；“下蛋”是不规则变化。 out of question和out of the question： 无the“无问题”，（毫无疑问） 有the“有问题”，（不可能）
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基数词变序数词歌： 基变序，有规律
词尾加上-th(fourth,sixth) 一、二、三，特殊例，
结尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third) 八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth) ve要用 f替;(fifth,twelfth) ty将y改成i, th前面有个e。 若是碰到几十几， 前用基来后用序。
巧记以-o结尾加-es的词：
A.“两人两菜”（hero,negro,potato,tomato)
B.一句话 Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes C。有生命的加Es，无生命的加-s.
巧记不规则名词单变复：
man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.
加-ing要双写的常见动词： 一个m，两个d和g
(swim) (nod, rid) (dig, beg) 三n，四p，十个t (run, win, begin)
(dip, drop, mop, stop)
(sit, hit, fit, set, get, let, put , regret, forget, pat) (下加线的词，构成过去式、过去分词时，也须双写尾字母） 五种基本句型歌：
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。 句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键； 系词后面接表语；vi独身无牵连； vt又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见， 还有宾语补足语；各种搭配记心间。
对划线部分提问的程序：
一代（用疑问词代替划线部分）， 二移（把疑问词移至句首）
三倒（颠倒主谓语，但对主语或其定语提问时除外） 四抄（照抄其它部分） 多个词修饰名词的顺序： 限冠形龄色国材
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限：限定词 冠：冠词 形：形容词 龄：年龄 色：颜色 国：国家 材：材料
名词前形容词的排列顺序: 限数描大形,新色国材名
限:限制性词语the,this,my, etc. 数:数量词
描:描写性用词 大;大小,多少 形:形状
新;新旧,老少 色:颜色 国:国籍 材:材料
名:名词做定语
The two expensive small round new yellow Chinese plastic garden tables are in my room.
名词前修饰语的顺序:
定会长大成壮年,红区才用站前排.
定,指限定词;会,指描绘性的形容词;长,指长短;大,指大小;壮,指形状;年,指新旧；区，指地区；才，指材料；用，指用途；站前排，即依次排列。 英语的词类：
句子要由词组成， 英语词类有十种： 句中成分用实词，
名、代、动、副、数、形容； 冠、介、连词和感叹， 虚词附加或沟通。 词类功能掌握了， 造句之时好运用。 语序歌：
主、谓、宾、表同汉语， 定语有同也有异。 状语位置最特殊， 不能全和汉语比。
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肯定句变一般疑问句： have和be提句首， 其它助词比开头。 时间、人称由do变， 动词只把原形留。 谓语助词有几个， 第一助词提句首。 肯定旬变否定句： 否定谓语加not， 放在be和have后。 其它要加助词do， do的后边加not， 时间、人称由do变， 动词原形总保留。 谓语若是助词多， not紧跟第一个。
名词的所有格： 名词只变数， 不分主宾格。 人和动物类， 可变所有格。 撇(’)后加s， 相当汉语“的”。 时间、距离等， 也变所有格。
名词变复数： 单数变为复数式， 加上“s”统言之。 下列结尾名词后，
要加“s”先加“e”： 发音[f][t][s]和[z]， 或是辅音加“o”时。 有些名词变复数， 词尾变化要注意： “y”前字母是辅音， 一律变“y”为“ie”；遇到“f／fe”， 有时需要变“ve”。 少数名词不规则， 特别情况靠硬记。
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介词用法歌： 介词加宾语， 才能有实意。
表、定、状、宾、补， 词组在句里。 介词顺口溜： in在„„里， out在„„外，
在旁边的是beside， 靠近的为by 。 on在„„上， under在„„下， above在上头， below在底下。
be的用法歌： 动词be，变化大，
“I”用“am”，“You”用“are”， is用于它(it)、他(he)、她(she)， 复数一律要用“are”， 切莫用错闹笑话。 动词的时态： 四种时间各四式， 联想对比便于记。 时间现在和过去， 各自还有将来时。
一般、完成、进行式， 完成进行是四式。 四四共有十六种， 看来复杂掌握易； 除去have／be以外， 动词变化有规律。 动词形式的变化： 动词根本是原形， 变化形式有四种： 原形词尾加“s”， 现在第三单人称； 过去原形加“ed”， 过去分词也相同； 原形加上“ing”， 现在分词或动名。 原形词尾加“s”，
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如同名词复数式。 若加“ed／ing”， 以下情况要注意： 词尾有e只加d， ing去无声e； 词尾ie变成y， 然后再加ing； 辅音之后y结尾， y要变i加ed； 现在分词不变y， 直接加上ing ； 词尾重读闭音节， 加缀辅音都双写， r做结尾也一样， 重读音节r双写； 结尾字母是“t”， 不是重读也双写。 过去分词过去式， 不按规则也有些。
非谓语动词：
动词不做谓语用， 不定、分词与动名。 to加原形不定式， 词组可做名、副、形。 分词现在和过去， 相当副词和形容。 原形加上“ing”， 动词具有名词性。
会说话的“五官”——“五官”习语妙用
英语中有许多习语是由表示人的―五官‖的单词组成。学生如果在作文中能使用这些习语，定能使语言生动，文采倍增。
1.Eye
an eye for an eye 以眼还眼，报复 catch sb‘s eye 引某人注目；令人瞩目 give someone a black eye打得鼻青脸肿 be all eyes极注意地看着，非常留神
see eye to eye（with）意见一致，立场相同 see with half an eye 一看就明白 shut one‘s eye to 置之不理
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have an eye for 对……有判断力 keep an eye on 照看，密切注意 in the eyes of
在……的心目中，在……看来 make eyes at sb向某人送秋波 make sb open his eyes 使某人瞠目结舌，吃惊
2.Ear
go in at one ear and out at the other 左耳进右耳出；当耳旁风 pick up one‘s ears竖起耳朵听
up to the（one‘s）ears深陷在（债务等中） wet behind the ears乳臭未干 be on one‘s ears在发怒 be all ears全神贯注地倾听 give ear to听，倾听，注意 give one‘s ears不惜任何代价（要） have an （no）ear for
对……听觉灵敏（不灵敏） sleep on both ears酣睡 turn a deaf ear to
对……根本不听，不理会 3.Mouth
down in (at) the mouth 垂头丧气 from mouth to mouth 口口相传，广泛流传
put words in（to）someone‘s mouth 教人怎么说，诬指某人说过某话 stop someone‘s mouth使某人缄默 take the words out of someone‘s mouth 抢先说某人想说的话 from the horse‘s mouth （消息等）直接得来的
in the mouth of出于……之口 make a mouth做怪脸，做苦相 open one‘s mouth wide 狮子大开口（指索高价）
4.Nose
lead someone by the nose
控制某人，牵着某人的鼻子走
pay through the nose 付出过高的价格 turn up one‘s nose （at） 瞧不起，嗤之以鼻
under someone‘s （very） nose
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在某人面前，当着某人的面
as plain as the nose on your face 一清二楚
bite sb‘s nose off气势汹汹地回答某人 follow one‘s nose笔直走,凭本事行事 look down one‘s nose at瞧不起 thumb one‘s nose(at) (对……)作蔑视动作 5.Tongue
give tongue直言无忌
hold one‘s tongue 住嘴，别说了 keep a civil tongue in one‘s head 有礼貌，彬彬有礼
with one‘s tongue in one‘s cheek 言不由衷
bite the tongue保持缄默
have lost one‘s tongue
吓得（羞怯得）说不出话来
on the tongues of men（on everyone‘s tongue） 被众人谈论着 smite with the tongue含血喷人，谴责
潮人必知的流行词汇
微博 Microblog 山寨 copycat
异地恋 long-distance relationship 剩女 3S lady(single，seventies,stuck)/left girls 熟女 cougar(源自电影Cougar Club)
裸婚 naked wedding 炫富 flaunt wealth 团购 group buying 人肉搜索 flesh search 潮人：trendsetter
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发烧友： fancier 骨感美女：boney beauty
卡奴：card slave 下午茶 high tea 愤青 young cynic 性感妈妈 yummy mummy
亚健康 sub-health 灵魂伴侣 soul mate 小白脸 toy boy 精神出轨 soul infidelity 人肉搜索 flesh search 钻石王老五 diamond bachelor
时尚达人 fashion icon
御宅 otaku
橙色预警 orange signal warning 预约券 reservation ticket 上相的，上镜头的 photogenic
80后：80's generation 百搭：all-match 限时抢购：flash sale 合租：flat-share 荧光纹身：glow tattoo 泡泡袜：loose socks 裸妆：nude look
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黄牛票：scalped ticket 扫货：shopping spree 烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up
水货：smuggled goods 纳米技术：nanotechnology
正妹 hotty
对某人念念不忘 get the hots for 草莓族 Strawberry generation 草根总统 grassroots president 笨手笨脚 have two left feet
拼车 car-pooling 解除好友关系 unfriend v。
暴走 go ballistic 海外代购 overseas purchasing
跳槽 jump ship 闪婚 flash marriage 闪电约会 speeddating 闪电恋爱 whirlwind romance 刻不容缓，紧要关头 crunch time高三英语一轮复习必备精品
Module8 unit3 Inventors and Inventions单元测试题
第一卷 选择题（105分）
第一部分 听力（共三节，满分30分）
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：词汇和语法填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分） 21.We all write_________even when there is not much to say.
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A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less 22.We should _______ right______wrong.
A. distinguish;by B. distingguish ;for C. distinguish ;from D. distinguish ;to 23.Stop ______and tell us clearly what has happened.
A.mess about B. mess around C. messing about D. messing 24.He_______his experiments and made a great contribution to our country. A. dived himself into B. devoted himself into C. dived into D. devoted to 25. It may rain tomorrow,_______, we'll put off our sports meeting.
A. in this case B.in that case C.in which case D.in any case 26. The amount of money ________ for the seriously sick child was soon collected. A. to need B. needing C. needed D. which needed 27. --- A woman was killed in the store last night.
--- Have the police examined the body of _________?
A. the woman to be killed B. the woman being killed C. the killing woman D. the killed woman 28. This writer knows how to keep his readers _________.
A. to be interested B. to be interesting C. interesting D. interested
29. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 30.A man is being questioned in relation to the _______ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 31. Hardly could he___this amount of work in such a short time. A. get through B. get off C. get into D.get down]
32. He has been___to the research for many years and finally his hard work will pay off. A. adopted B. applied C. applying D. adopting 33. ---I‘m thinking of tomorrow‘s maths test. I‘m afraid I can‘t pass it. ---______. I‘m sure you‘ll make it.
A. No problem B Good luck C. Give up D. Cheer up 34. This agreement is very____and open to various interpretations. A. ambiguous B. abrupt C.abundant D. authentic
35. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a____environment.
A. peaceful B. sensitive C. common D. stable 第二节 完形填空 (共20小题, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
The soldiers cheered as the train crossed the border into Wisconsin．
One of the men had a large red sear across his forehead． 36 had an injured leg that made it 37 for him to walk．The third had 38 large eyes，because he had been sick．
The three soldiers spread their blankets on the seats and tried to 39 ．It was a cold evening 40 it was summertime． George，the soldier with a fever，41 in the night His joy in coming home was 42 with fear and worry．He knew he was sick and 43 How could
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he 44 his family? Where would he find the 45 to do the heavy work all farmers have to do? 46 came．The train was slowing down as it came into the town of La Crosse where they would get off the train．‗‗I‘ll get home in time for dinner，‘‘George thought．―She usually has dinner about one o‘clock on Sundays，‖and,he 47
George and the other two soldiers 48 off the train together．―W‘ll‘boys，‖George began，―here‘s where we say good-bye．We‘ve marched together for miles．Now，l suppose，we are 49 ．‖The three men now found it 50 to look at each other
―We ought to go home with you．You．‘II 51 be able to walk all those miles with that heavy pack．‖
―I‘m all right，‖George said，putting on his farmy cap．―Every 52 takes me closer to home．‖
They shook hands．―Good—bye!‖G06d luck!‖―Same to you!‖
George turned and walked away quickly．Soon he 53 。again，waving his cap．His two friends did the same．Then they marched away with their 54 soldier‘s step．George walked，thinking of his 55 ．He remembered the many days they had been together during the war． 36．A．Another B．The other C．Some D．Others 37．A．dangerous B．painful C．impossible D．sensitive
38．A．unnecessarily B．unreasonably C．unfairly D．unnaturally 39．A．chat B．escape C．sleep D．hide 40．A．when B．though C．until D．unless 41．A．cried B．whispered C．trembled D．fired 42．A．filled B．faced C．excited D．mixed 43．A．weak B．brave C。lonely D．1ucky 44．A．care for B．believe in C．depend on。 D.turn to 45．A．skill B．patience C．courage D．strength 46．A．Morning B．Afternoon C．Dusk D．Evening 47．A．besitated B．smiled C．sobbed D．sighed 48、A．fled B．rolled C．jumped D．fell 49．A．done B．fixed C．lost D．gone 50．A．happy B．funny C．strange D．hard 51．A．soon B．never C．already D．always 52．A．way B．trip C．step D．road 53．A．walked B.turned C.topped D．went 54．A．broken B．casual C．steady D．heavy 55．A．future B．health C．family D．friends
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题，没小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 将该项涂黑 A
To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.
Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still before his class： he stands the
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whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will hear the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn‘t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for there are very important differences between the teacher‘s work and the actor‘s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.
A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play： they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don‘t understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience, which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.
I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written. 56. What is the text about?
A. How to become a good teacher.
B. What a good teacher should do outside the classroom. C. What teachers and actors could learn from each other?
D. The similarities (相似处) and differences between a teacher‘s work and an actor‘s.
57. The word ―audience‖ in the fourth paragraph means ____.
A. students B. people who watch a play
C. people who not on the stage D. people who listen to something 58. A good teacher ____.
A. knows how to hold the interest of his students B. must have a good voice
C. knows how to act on the stage
D. stands or sits still while teaching
59. In what way is a teacher‘s work different from an actor‘s? A. The teacher must learn everything by heart.
B. He knows how to control his voice better than an actor. C. He has to deal with unexpected situations.
D. He has to use more facial expressions.
60. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that ____. A. students can move around in the classroom
B. students must keep silent while theatre audience needn‘t C. no memory work is needed for the students D. the students must take part in their teachers‘ plays B
The flying fox is not a fox at all. It is an extra large bat that has got a fox‘s head, and that feeds on fruit instead of insects Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when at rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one spot for years. Sometimes several hundred of them occupy a single tree. As they return to the tree toward sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight for the best places until long after daylight.
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Flying foxes have babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has to carry the baby on her breast wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby bat falls down to the ground and squeaks for help. Then the older ones swoop down and try to pick it up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of dead baby bats can be found lying on the ground at the foot of a tree.
61. The passage tells us that there is no difference between the flying fox and the ordinary bat in______.
A. their size. B. their appearance.
C. the kind of food they eat. D. the way they rest. 62. Flying foxes tend to ______. A. double their number every year. B. fight and kill a lot of themselves. C. move from place to place constantly. D. lose a lot of their young.
63. At daybreak every day flying foxes begin to______.
A. fly out toward the sun. B. look for a new resting place. C. come back to their home. D. go out and look for food. 64. Flying foxes have fights ______.
A. to occupy the best resting places. B. only when it is dark. C. to protect their homes from outsiders D. when there is not enough food. 65. How do flying foxes care for their young? A. They only care for their own babies. B. They share the feeding of their young. C. They help when a baby bat is in danger. D. They often leave home and forget their young. C
TODAY, Friday, November 12
JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen. DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158. SATURDAY, November 13
JAZZ Lysis at The Bull‘s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p.
MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789—6749. FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond.
JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull‘s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p.
THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手风琴). Tel: 789—4536 SUNDAY, November 14
DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m.
FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626.
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HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion. 66. Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio? A. At the Bull‘s Head on Sunday. B. At the Derby Arms on Sunday. C. At the Bull on Saturday. D. At the Black Horse on Saturday.
67. Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band? A. At the Derby Arms on Friday. B. At the Black Horse on Friday. C. At the Star and Garter on Saturday. D. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.
68. You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts?
A. 789—6749. B. 789—4536. C. 682—1158. D. 688—4626.
69. You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go?
A. Disco at The Lord Napier.
B. The sing-along at The Black Horse. C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms. D. Jazz at The Bull‘s Head.
70. You want to spend the same day at two different places and don‘t want to cross any street. Which of the following is your best choice?
A. The sing-along at the Black Horse and Jazz at The Bull‘s Head.
B. The sing-along at The Black Horse and Folk Music at The Derby Arms. C. Folk Music at The Derby Arms and Heavy Music with Tony Simon at The Bull. D. Musical Hal lat The Star ＆Garter and Disco at The Lord Napier.
D
The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes. During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why
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are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
71. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument. A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3
72. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage？ A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time. B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one. 73. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______. A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world 74. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______. A. suffered a lot B. never caught colds C. often caught colds
D. became very strong
75. The passage mainly discusses _______. A. the experiments on the common cold B. the fallacy about the common cold
C. the reason and the way people catch colds D. the continued spread of common colds 第二卷 非选择题 （满分45分）
第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：阅读表达：（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）（2009.天津卷）
阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题
Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman‘s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn‘t wait to see them using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.
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After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren‘t using his carts. ―Don‘t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?‖ one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn‘t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before. Today‘s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman‘s original model. Perhaps that‘s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
76. The underlined words ―chrome-plate contraptions‖ in Paragraph 1 refer to ______. （No more than 3 words）
_________________________________________________________________________ 77. What was the purpose of Goldman‘s invention? （No more than 10 words）
_________________________________________________________________________ 78. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）
_________________________________________________________________________
79. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words） _________________________________________________________________________ 80. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words） _________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：写作（满分30分）
你的外籍老师想要了解中国学生的午睡情况，为此你在同学中进行了一次问卷调查。请根据下表中的内容(打√的选项为大多数人的选择)，用英语写一篇短文，简要介绍调查结果，并就此谈谈你的看法
注意：1对所给要点不要简单翻译，可以有适当发挥
2．词数120左右。短文的开头已为你写好(不计人总词数)。 3．参考词汇：午睡一take a nap after lunch
午睡情况调查表 1．你有午睡习惯吗? √口A有 口B没有
2．你大约何时开始午睡?
口A 12：00 √口B 12：30口C．13：00 3你通常午睡多久?
口A约15分钟 √口B约30分钟口C约60分钟 4你通常在什么地方午睡?
口A教室 √口B．家中口C．宿舍 5．你认为午睡有好处吗?
√口A有 口B．没有口c．不确定
Recently I have conducted a survey on taking a nap after lunch among my
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classmates.
参考答案
第一部分1-5 BCBCA 6-10 CABCA 11-15 AACBA 16-20 ACBAB
第二部分21-25 ACCCC 26-30 CDDCC 31-35 ABDDD 36—40 ABDCB 41--45 CDAAD 46—50 ABCAD 51－55 BCBCD
第三部分56-60 DAACD 61-65 DDCAC 66-70 BABBC 71-75 BCDAC 第四部分 第一节： 76. shopping carts
77.It was to make shopping easier and attract more business. 78.Because few customers used his carts.
79. Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.
80.He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers. Or: He was smart but he shouldn‘t have used tricks to attract customers. 第二节：写作
One possible versions
Recently I have conducted a survey on taking a nap after lunch among my classmates. Most of them are in the habit of sleeping for a while at noon as they believe it does good to them. The majority prefer to do so around 12：30 and the nap usually lasts for about 30 minutes．They often choose to sleep at home instead of in their classroom or dormitory.
Hopefully, the result of my survey can draw the attention of our parents and school. Since most students are in need of a nap，proper arrangements should he made so that students can have a good rest after a whole morning‘s hard work . Students should not he asked to do extra schoolwork during this period of time .After all, with a nap after lunch, one can feel refreshed and energetic enough to study more efficiently in the afternoon. 高三英语一轮复习必备精品 Module8 unit4 Pygmalion单元测试题
第一卷 选择题（105分）
第一部分 听力（共三节，满分30分）
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：词汇和语法填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分） 21.We didn‘t plan our exhibition like that but it _____very well.
A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on
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22.It‘s certain that he‘ll ____his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
23.People have planted a great many trees in order to __ wind and sand in the desert. A. hold down B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out 24.I____Tom___ his brother, because they are so alike.
A. mistake, for B. mistaken, / C. take, as D. by, mistake 25.Although he has lived with us for years, he __ us much impression. A. hadn‘t left B. hasn‘t leave C. doesn‘t leave D. didn‘t leave 26.Well ___, the film is well worth seeing.
A. directing B. direct C. being directed D. directed 27.___by the film, he didn‘t go to sleep until late into the night. A. Deeply moved B. Deeply moving C. Moving deeply D. To be moved
28. ___ from space, our earth, ___ water ___ 70% of its surface, appears as a ―blue globe‖. A. Having seen, the, covered B. Seeing, with, covering C. Seen, with, covering D. To see, the, covered 29.__ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.
A. Made B. Making C. To be made D. To make
30.On a long railway journey, with four Englishmen in the carriage, often there won‘t be a word ____ during the whole journey.
A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. to speak
31. Because of their continuous failures, my enthusiasm for Chinese football team gradually___. A. faded away B. ran out C. gave up D. died out
32. Companies must consider how they ____data so that their employees can find it fast. A. classify B. recognize C. store D. accumulate 33. They took____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.
A. fruitful B. beneficial C. efficient D. effective
34. While shopping, people sometimes can‘t help ___into buying something that they don‘t really need.
A. persuaded B. convinced C. being persuaded D. being convinced 35. After years of try and hard work, ___smiled on him finally. A. misfortune B fortune C. misfortunes D. fortunes 第二节 完形填空 (共20小题, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
It is exciting to apply for a job that really appeals to you. In making your application, there are a number of points for you to __36__.
In your letter of application, aim to say just enough to give a good __37__ of yourself, __38__ being too long. If you are answering an advertisement, any information for __39__ it asks must, of course, be given. This will usually __40__ your scholastic record and __41__ education and training. You may also be asked to give the names of one or two persons to __42__ references. For this purpose you should choose people who know you __43__ enough to vouch(担保) for your character and ability; and in courtesy(礼貌), you should seek in __44__ their permission to be
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named as referees.
It will depend on circumstances ___45___ you can usefully add about yourself. Your __46__ is to bring to the __47__ of the employer any good reason why you rather __48__ any of the other applicants should be chosen for the job. If therefore you feel you have any special skill or aptitude for the work __49__, for example, any __50__ interest in the line of business, let this __51__. Finally, __52__ is your use of language. You cannot go __53__ if you keep your sentences and paragraphs short, making sure the sense is clear and well expressed. Choose __54___ words so long as they __55__ your meaning.
36. A. see B. describe C. add D. observe 37. A. account B. picture C. feature D. opinion 38. A. instead B. besides C. including D. without 39. A. which B. what C. that D. it 40. A. explain B. cover C. describe D. illustrate 41. A. better B. further C. higher D. longer 42. A. ensure B. agree C. supply D. deliver 43. A. very B. closely C. long D. well
44. A. detail B. return C. advance D. consequence 45. A. how often B. how soon C. how much D. how long 46. A. purpose B. suggestion C. proposal D. destination 47. A. sight B. notice C. interest D. attraction 48. A. then B. maybe C. than D. otherwise 49. A. or B. and C. so D. then
50. A. strong B. particular C. extra D. extraordinary 51. A. to know B. being known C. know D. known 52. A. such B. where C. there D. that 53. A. illegal B. strange C. vain D. wrong 54. A. plain B. honest C. common D. usual 55. A. communicate B. convey C. transform D. translate
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题，没小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 将该项涂黑 A
About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn‘t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked, ―So, how have you been?‖ And the boy — who could not have been more than seven or eight years old — replied. ―Frankly, I‘ve been feeling a little depressed lately.‖ This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn‘t find out we were ―depressed‖, that is, in low spirits, until we were in high school.
Undoubtedly a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don‘t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists. Why?
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Human development is depended not only on born biological states, but also on patterns of gaining social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new social positions. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages; traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation machine has been equipped in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation , many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more attractive moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information which children will gain. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
56．According to the author, feeling depressed is ________. A．a sure sign of a mental problem in a child
B．a mental state present in all humans, including children
C．something that cannot be avoided in children‘s mental development D．something hardly to be expected in a young child
57．Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world _________. A．through connection with society B．gradually and under guidance C．naturally without being taught D．through watching television
58．According to the author, that today‘s children seem adultlike results from ______. A．the widespread influence of television B．the poor arrangement of teaching content C．the fast pace of human scientific development
D．the rising standard of living
59．What does the author think of communication through print for children? A．It enables children to gain more social information. B．It develops children‘s interest in reading and writing. C．It helps children to read and write well.
D．It can control what children are to learn.
60．What does the author think of the change in today‘s children? A．He feels their adultlike behavior is so funny. B．He thinks the change worthy of note. C．He considers it a rapid development. D．He seems to be upset about it. B
For a 400-year-old art form, opera had a bad fame: overweight actresses singing the words which were hard to understand in one of those romance Languages you were supposed to learn in high school. And with tickets costing as much as ＄ 145 a performance, opera goers also had a certain appearance in people‘s mind: rich, well-dressed and old.
But now opera companies around the country are loosening their ties and kicking off their shoes in an attempt to keep opera alive and take it to a younger and not so wealthy audience.
Opera producers have found that to attract this crowd, they need to associate opera with common
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people. That means no formal suits, old-style theatre or bank breaking ticket prices. And because young people don‘t or won‘t come to the opera, companies are bringing the opera to them, giving performances in such usual places as parks, libraries and public schools.
The Houston Grand Opera‘s choice is the public library, where it performs―mobile operas‖, shortened version of child-friendly operas. This summer‘s production is Hansel ￡Gretel. By performing smaller versions of large productions, producers are able to make people interested while keeping costs at a reasonable level. The San Francisco Opera, which will be celebrating its 75th anniversary this year, is staging Cinderella free of charge, keeping costs down by employing students from its Young Artists‘Training Program. 61. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage? A. Opera is famous for is history. B. Opera is only for rich people.
C. Opera companies are trying to keep operas alive. D. Young people are not interested in operas.
62. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________. A. breaking up the old rules B. changing the dresses
C. making the audience at ease D. advertising themselves
63. Opera companies prefer to perform smaller versions because ________. A. they can be performed in public libraries B. short versions are easy to perform C. it is hard to find long versions
D. they can make people interested
64. The San Francisco Opera employs young students in order to ________. A. attract young people B. reduce the cost
C. celebrate its 75th anniversary D. make Cinderella popular 65. What can you infer from the passage?
A. The tickets for opera are very expensive at present. B. Opera is performed in a language difficult to understand. C. Opera is not so popular an art form today. D. Students enjoy performing operas very much.
C
Remember when a trip to the supermarket was nothing more than a boring thing requiring little or no specialized knowledge ?You could send your kids into a cart while you did shopping .You always bought the same brands , usually the brands you mother bought .You didn‘t know about unit pricing ,and furthermore ,you didn‘t care .It never occurred to you to read the labels on anything .After all ,you‘d bought these things a hundred times.
But now ,I really look on those days with a feeling of yearn. How innocent we were ! How carefree were those trips to the supermarket .No worries . Today a trip to the supermarket is filled with social influence .Every time I buy pork chops I think about the years I‘m shaving from my life . I keep a careful eye on the freshness date and examine the tamper—proof packaging .I am victim of that most dangerous social disease : shoppers‘ panic.
I didn‘t realize how serious my condition had become until the last time I needed laundry soap .It seemed simple enough .Just run into the market , grab a box of the old reliable and pay for it . I hadn‘t planned on discovering Ecover ,a new brand of laundry soap .It sat quietly on the shelf
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right next to my old reliable . ―Healthy ,gentle but effective.‖ My respect for it deepened with each new claim as I read the entire package .Then I looked at the price: $ 5.69 for 2 pound . $ 5.69 ! I cast a quick glance at the old reliable ,still on sale for $ 1.39.
Six bucks for laundry soap ! These people must be crazy! Who‘s going to pay six bucks for laundry soap ? It‘s not as though I can‘t afford it . See , it‘s concentrated—use less ,get more .BUT SIX BUCKS! And the box is made from recycled materials… .This act went on for a solid half hour, after which I left the shelf without any soap at all.
Surely the meat department is most threatening place .Remember what protein was good for you ? That‘s all over .Every bite you take kills you. I won‘t even mention meat‘s moral influence. When all is said and done ,we still must eat .I gather up my healthy cooking oil and my recycled paper towels and head to the checkout counter.
66．In the first paragraph ,the author mainly wants to tell us that in the past . A．it was convenient to go shopping in the supermarket B．shopping in the supermarket was a very boring thing
C．we never read the labels of commodities in the supermarket D．we used to buy the same brands of products in the supermarket
67．Recalling the old days‘ shopping in the supermarket ,the author thinks it was . A．pleasant B．fresh C．dangerous D．crazy 68．According to the author ,eating pork chops will mean that .
A．you must have a shave after that B．you should think of the old days C．you are killing yourself slowly D．you must go on diet after that 69．In the supermarket ,the author was attracted by a new brand of laundry soap for its . A．price B．claim C．package D．shape 70．According to the passage ,what‘s the author‘s problem?
A．She was too poor to afford the new brands in the supermarket. B．She could not find the right laundry soap in the supermarket. C．She had to use the most healthy things for her poor health. D．She was greatly affected by the social influence.
D
Night after night，she came to tuck me in，even long after my childhood years．Following her longstanding custom，she'd lean down and push my long．hair out of the way，then kiss my．fore—head．
I don't remember when it first started annoying me—her hands pushing my hair that way． But it did annoy me，for they felt work—worn and mush against my young skin．Finally，one night，I shouted out at her，\"Don't do that anymore--your hands．are too rough!\" She didn't say anything in reply．But never again did my mother close out my day with that familiar expression of her love． Time after time，with the passing years，my thoughts returned to that night．By then I missed my mother's hands．missed her goodnight kiss on my forehead．Sometimes the incident seemed very close，sometimes far away．But always it lurked，in the back of my mind．
Well，the years have passed，and I'm not a little girl anymore．Mom is in her mid—seven—ties．and those hands I once thought to be so rough are still doing things for me and my family．She's been our doctor，reaching into a medicine cabinet(医药箱)for the remedy(药物)to calm a young girl's stomach or soothe(安慰)the boy's scraped knee．She cooks the best fried chicken in the world…gets stains out of blue cans, like I never could…
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Now, my own children are grown and gone．Mom no longer has Dad，and on special occasions．I find myself drawn next door to spend the night with her．So it was late on Thanksgiving Eve, as I slept in the bedroom of my youth, a familiar hand hesitantly run across, my face to brush the hair from my forehead．Then a kiss，ever so gently，touched my brow(额头)． In my memory，for the thousandth，time，I recalled the night my young voice complained，\"Don't do that anymore--your hands are too rough!\" Catching Mom's hand in hand，I blurted (冲口说出)out how sorry I was for that night．I thought she'd remember ，as I did．But Mom didn't know what I Was talking about．She had forgotten--and forgiven—long ago．
That night, I fell asleep with a new appreciation for my gentle mother and her carrying hands. And the guilt that I had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found． 71．What would be the best title for the text ? A．Mother's Hands
B．Appreciation for Mother． C．My Childhood Years．
D．My Unselfish Mother．
72．The author began to get annoyed because— A．her mother's hands were really old and tough B．she thought she didn't need her mother's care C．she dldn't like her mother any more D．her mother stayed in her room too long 73．What do we know about the author?
A．With time passing, she began to understand her mother． B．She was an only child in the family． C．She never forgave herself． D．Her mother was a doctor．
74．By saying \"Then a kiss，ever so gently，touched my brow．\"，the author means that________ A．children need Mother's kissing B．mothers kiss their children gently C．mothers love their children forever D．children depend on their mothers
75．It can be infefred from the text that _____________ A．the author began to spend nights with her mother B．her mother never kissed author again C．her mother forgave her at last
D．the author felt guilty of what she did to her mother 第二卷 非选择题 （满分45分） 第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：阅读表达：（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
Energy levels ebb and flow throughout the day, influenced by everything from your mood to your body‘s circadian rhythms （生理节奏）—daily changes in things like heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure. Here are recommendations of exercising at various times of day.
MORNING: The main difficulty in the morning is dragging yourself out of bed. Once you‘ve done that, however, there‘s little else to distract you from the business at hand. That may be why people who work out in the A.M. are more likely to stick with it over time, which means they‘re
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well on their way to reaping the long term energy boost that being fit brings.
LUNCHTIME: Most people feel an energy decline between two and three in the afternoon. ―It‘s not related to eating; it‘s just part of the body‘s naturalcycle,‖ says Thomas Reilly, an exercise physiologist. Exercising in the middle of the day can smooth out the low energy, Reilly says, because it increases the flow of hormones (荷尔蒙) that push you up for a few hours after a session. But don‘t skip lunch to work out. A light meal an hour before you exercise will give you the energy to get moving.
EVENING: In the late afternoon and early evening, people breathe easier because the lungs‘ airways are more open, our strength peaks since body temperature is higher. But, don‘t work out too close to bed time or the resulting burst of energy may make it difficult to fall asleep. 76. According to Paragraph One, blood pressure will have an effect on energy level because of _____________________________________________________________________ 77. What will trouble us in the morning?
_____________________________________________________________________ 78. What is the mistaken belief about afternoon tiredness?
_____________________________________________________________________ 79. What is the meaning of ―to skip lunch‖ in Paragraph Three?
_____________________________________________________________________ 80. Translate the underlined sentence.
_____________________________________________________________________ 第二节：写作（满分30分）
美国New York City Greenwood High School的学生到你们学校参观，希望了解你校学生的课外活动，请你根据下面表中的内容用英语写一篇发言稿，介绍你校学生的课外活动情况 课外活动时间 活动内容 20－5：20 机、学科小组 最喜欢的项目 希望与建议 减少作业，增加活动时间，多组织参观、旅游活动 每天下午 4：阅读、体育、唱歌、微体育、微机 词数：100～120 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
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第一部分1—5 CABBC 6—10 ACBAC 11—15 CBCCB 16—20 AACAB
第二部分21-25 ACCAB 26-30 DACAB 31-35 AADCB 36—40 DADAB 41—45 BCDCC 46—50 ABCAB 51—55 DDDAB
第三部分56-60 DBADB D 61-65 CADBC 66-70 BACBD 71—75 ABACD 第四部分 第一节：
76. Its daily changes 77. Getting up. 78. It is caused by eating
79. Don‘t have lunch.
80. 一天当中人的精力有起有落，会受到从心情到生理节奏等任何因素的影响，如心率，体温及血压等每天变化的东西。 第二节：写作
Welcome to our school.
I feel it an honor to have the chance to tell you something about our activities at school after class. We have one hour of activities from 4:20 to 5:20 in the afternoon. Some students read books in the reading - room; some have sports on the playground; some sing songs in the theatre hall. Some learn to operate computers in the lab and others take part in their group work about different subjects. The majority are most interested in sports and computers.
We hope that we can have less homework and more time to join in the activities. We are also looking forward to more visits and tour trips. Thank you.
高三英语一轮复习必备精品
Module8 unit5 Meeting your ancestors单元测试题
第一卷 选择题（105分）
第一部分 听力（共三节，满分30分）
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：词汇和语法填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分） 21. Generally speaking, friends have ________in __________each other. A.little;common with B.much;common with
C.many; common with D.much; similar to
22. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_______good knowledge of basic word formation.
A./ B.the C.a D.one
23. It is what you do rather than what you say _________matters. A. that B.what C.which D.this 24. As well as __________the books, he publishes them.
A. to print B.printing C.printed D.have printed
25. I assumed him to be able to read. Which of the following word can replace the word ―assume‖?
A. considered B.found C.proved D.promised 26. As senior 3 students, it is the most important to _______ a good state
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of mind in face of failure.
A. keep up B. keep on C. keep out D. keep off 27. -- Where does Mr. Green come from?
--- I‘m not sure, but his accent ____________ Australia.
A. suggests B. sounds C. advises D. shows
28.You have the ____of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful.
A. selection B. choice C. alternative D. option 29. It may rain, but I shall go out___. I don‘t mind the rain.
A. something B. someone C. somehow D. somewhere 30. ---Hi,Alan, I haven‘t seen you for weeks. What____recently? -----studying.
A. have you been doing B. have you done C. were you doing D. did you do 31. To our____, his illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
A. relief B. judgment C. view D.anxiety
32. My friend Mary was very sick with a strange fever,_____, she could neither eat nor sleep. A. as a reslut B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise 33. ----That woman has been taking care of the two white tigers for 8years. ---Oh, dear! She_____a lot of difficulties.
A. could go through B. might go through C.ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
34. It was in the stone house____was built as a school by local villagers _____the boy finished his primary school.
A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. that; which 35. Special attention should be paid ___our earth from______.
A. to prevent; being polluted B.to preserve; polluting] C. to preventing; being polluted D. to preventing; polluted 第二节 完形填空 (共20小题, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
It was raining. I went into a cafe and asked for a coffee. 36 I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed 37 . I saw their bodies, but I couldn‘t feel their souls 38 their souls belonged to the 39 .
I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man 40 in front of it. ―I‘m Steve,‖ he finally answered after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. ―I can‘t talk with you. I‘m 41 ,‖he said. He was chatting online and, 42 , he was playing a computer game—a war game. I was 43 .
Why didn‘t Steve want to talk with me? I tried 44 to speak to that computer geek(怪人), 45 not a word came out of his mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction(反应). I was 46 . I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout, ― 47 !‖
I took a few steps back, wondering if all those people in the cafe were looking at me. I 48 , and saw nobody showed any interest.
49 , I realized that the people there were having a nice conversation with their machines, not with people. They were more 50 having a relationship with the 51 , particularly Steve. I
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wouldn‘t want to 52 the future of human beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines
53 with people.
I was worried and sank in my thoughts. I didn‘t even 54 that the coffee was bad, 55 Steve didn‘t notice there was a person next to him.
36. A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While 37. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. fear 38. A. because B. when C. until D. unless 39. A. home B. world C. Net D. Café 40. A. sleeping B. laughing C. sitting D. learning 41. A. busy B. thirsty C. tired D. sick
42. A. first of all B. just then C. at the same time D. by that time 43. A. surprised B. delighted C. moved D. frightened 44. A. once B. again C. first D. even 45. A. but B. so C. if D. or 46. A. excited B. respected C. afraid D. unhappy 47. A. Shut up B. Enjoy yourself C. Leave me alone D. Help me out 48. A. walked about B. walked out C. raised my hand D. raised my head 49. A. From then on B. At that moment C. In all D. Above all 50. A. interested in B. tired of C. careful about D. troubled by 51. A. computer B. soul C. shop D. geek 52.A. tell B. plan C. imagine D. design 53.A. other than B. instead of C. except for D. as well as 54. A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize 55. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though
第三部分阅读理解（共20小题，没小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 将该项涂黑
A
Sports shoes that tell whether their owner has enough exercise to warrant time in front of the television have been designed in the UK.
The shoes—named Square Eyes—contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. A wireless transmitter passes the information to a receiver connected to a television, and this decides how many evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day‘s efforts.
The design was inspired by a desire to fight against the rapidly ballooning waistlines among British teenagers, says Gillian Swan, who developed Square Eyes as a final year design project a Brunel University to London, UK. ―We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,‖ she says, ―And I wanted to tackle that with my design.‖
Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps.
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Swan calculated how exercise should translate to television time using the recommended daily amounts of both. Health experts suggest that a child take 12,000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television. So , every 100 steps recorded by the Square Eyes shoes equals precisely one minute of TV time.
Existing pedometers(计步器) normally clip onto a belt or slip into a pocket and keep count of steps by measuring sudden movement. Swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her show has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat. ―It is possible, but it would be a lot of effort,‖ she says. ―That was one of my main design consideration.‖
56. According to Swan, the purpose of her design project is to ________. A. keep a record of the steps of the wearer B. deal with overweight among teenagers
C. enable children to resist the temptation of TV.
D. prevent children from being tricked by TV programs. 57. Which of the following is true of Square Eyes shoes? A. They regulate a child‘s evening TV viewing time. B. They determine a child‘s daily pocket money. C. They have raised the hot issue of overweight. D. They contain information of the receiver.
58. What is stressed by health experts in their suggestions? A. The exact number of steps to be taken.
B. The precise number of hours spent on TV.
C. The proper amount of daily exercise and TV time. D. The way of changing steps into TV watching time.
59. Compared with other similar products, the new design _________. A. makes it difficult for lazy teenagers to cheat B. counts the wearer‘s steps through shaking
C. records the sudden movement of the wearer D. sends teenagers‘ health data to the receiver
60. Which of the following would be the best title of the text? A. Smart Shoes Decide on Television Time B. Smart Shoes Guarantee More Exercise C. Smart Shoes Measures Time of Exercise D. Smart Shoes Stop Childhood Overweight
B
Honeybees are disappearing for unknown reasons around the United States. Last winter, bees disappeared from 23 percent of American beekeeping businesses. Causes of the phenomenon, however, have remained a mystery.
Now, scientists from several universities and the United States Department of Agriculture say they have a possible explanation for the bee decline. It is a little known virus called Israeli acute--paralysis virus (IAPV) .The virus kills bees. Researchers in Israel first described it in 2004 , but until now, bee experts hadn‘t paid much attention to it.
When trying to find out why the bees were disappearing, a research team at Columbia
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University studied bee colonies ( 群体), some with and the others without decline. The research turned up large numbers of two types of fungi (真菌) once suspected of causing the bee decline. The research results, however, showed that the fungi were almost as common in colonies without a decline as they were in colonies with a decline. The researchers concluded that the two fungi probably weren‘t the cause.
Studies of the presence of IAPV, however, showed more interesting information. In those studies, done by a team at Pennsylvania State University in University Park, the virus showed up in 83 percent of samples from colonies with symptoms Only five percent of samples from symptomless colonies had it.
Scientists still don‘t know whether IAPIV can single--handedly cause the bee decline. They believe that even if the virus is making colonies sick , it could have a partner in crime. It‘s possible, for instance, that insects or chemicals in the environment weaken bees, making them more likely to catch IAPV.
Scientists are still trying to figure out how IAPV came to the United States. The United States currently allows bee products to be imported from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. If it turns out that this trade is spreading disease, the rules might eventually change. 61. According to the passage ，IAPV is a virus that ______. A. hasn‘t attracted much attention B. well-known to doctors and scientist C. was first found by Austrian researchers D. is dangerous to animals and human beings
62. The underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph probably means______. A. the virus could also cause other damages B. there must be something that is the real cause C. IAPV is not the only cause for the bee decline
D. the virus may be caused by the polluted environment
63. From the third and fourth paragraphs, we know researchers draw their conclusions by means of _______.
A. calculating B. comparing C. examining D. investigating
64. What still remains unknown to American scientists according to the passage? A. How and why to kill IAPV. B. How IAPV came to America.
C. Whether bee products should be imported. D. How to change the rules of the bee products trade. 65. The best title for this passage would be _____. A. Bee Disease B. How to Kill IAPV C. A Virus—IAPV D. Two Types of Fungi C
The way people hold to the belief that a fun - filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
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As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably(不可避免的)brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (义务), self - improvement.
Ask a bachelor(单身汉)why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night‘s sleep or a three - day vacation. I don‘t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
66. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _______ . A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement 67. Raising children, in the author‘s opinion is ________ . A. a moral duty B. a thankless job
C. a rewarding task D. a source of inevitable pain
68. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from ________ . A. hatred B. misunderstanding C. prejudice D. ignorance 69. To understand what true happiness is one must ________ . A. have as much fun as possible during one‘s lifetime B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain C. put up with pain under all circumstances D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun 70. What is the author trying to tell us?
A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain. B. One must know how to attain happiness. C. It is important to make commitments. D. It is pain that leads to happiness.
D
Scott Langteau has this message for kids：Spend less time playing video games．
It‘s a message that many a morn and dad have tried to impress upon many a youngster (and some not—so—youngsters)who spend perhaps a bit too much time with game controllers in hand．
But the 40一year—old Langteau isn‘t a parent．He‘s a veteran(老手)0f the video game in
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dustry—one who played producer on three―Medal of Honor\" games and co—founded his own game development company．
Langteau has just published a children‘s book called―Sofa Boy，‖which tells the story of a kid who spends too much time sitting on the Couch with controller heId in hand and the rather terrible consequences that follow．
It‘s a fairy tale picked straight from Langteau‘s own experiences as a lad with a fondness for video games and his own bouts with a bit of game addiction．But first．Langteau would like to make one thing clear：…I m not saying that you shouldn‘t play video games．I think video games are great—think they do great things for kids．\"Instead。Langteau says his book is all about a little something called―moderation(克制)．‖
―It's about being well rounded，‖he says．―Just like with anything else，we all need to make sure that there‘S a variety in what we do．‖
Video garners can be rather bad-tempered when it comes to accepting criticism about their favorite entertainment．And understandably so．After all，most people who go around talking about the dangers of playing video games tend to be outsiders—people who don't play video games and certainly don‘t understand that they can be a valuable and healthy form of entertainment． But Langteau and‗‗Sofa Boy‘‘seem to be in a unique position to deliver a message of gaming moderation that the young game masses might actually listen to．After a11．this is a man who understands what it means to be a kid with a passion for games．His early experience has taught him a lesson．
71．Scott Langteau published ―Sofa Boy‖to
A．share his great skills on games B．wahl kids against game addiction C．tell about his fairy tale as a kid D．deliver a message for games 72．Which of the following is true of the book―Sofa Boy‖? A．The book tells of the writer‘s own story． B．The book describes a veteran on games.
C．The boy in the book wins a medal for games． D．The boy in the book is not an addict on games． 73．We can learn from the passage that
A．Langteau advises the young play games within limits B．Langteau advises the young not to play games C．playing video games ruins the future of kids D．playing video games is of no benefit to kids
74．Why are video gamers not accepted by the outsiders? A．Because they are bad-tempered．
B．Because they are dangerous to others． C．Because they do nothing but play video games· D．Because the value of video games is not understood． 75．What topic will be discussed in the following paragraph? A．His idea to create―Sofa Boy‖．
B．His great achievement in games as a kid． C．His hard times to set up his game company.
D．His enthusiasm for games when he Was a small boy.
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第二卷 非选择题 （满分45分）
第四部分 书面表达（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：阅读表达：（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.
―I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生).‖ said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future.‖I think by 2075 ______________________________________ and that‘s a conservative estimate (保守的估计).‖ At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology (纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. ―There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to180 years.‖ he said. ―Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live 200 or 300 or 500 years.‖
However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.
Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. ―It remains to be seen if you pass 120,you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?‖ said Leonard Poon, the director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Centre. ―At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.‖
76. What is the best title of the passage? ( please answer within 10 words.)
______________________________________________________________________________ 77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? We have got some ideas about living forever.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
78. Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence (please answer within 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________ 79.Do you think it is possible for humans to live longer in the future? Why? (please answer within 30 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 80.Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：写作（满分30分）
假如你是一名高三年级学生。你发现班上有些同学晚上学习到深夜，白天也不安排休息时间，但往往课堂上昏昏欲睡；有些同学饮食习惯不好，不吃早餐。请你写一篇发言稿，在班会上劝同学们合理安排作息时间，注意健康饮食,保证学习好、身体好
注意：1、发言稿须包含上述要点，但可适当发挥，使讲话完整通顺 2、120词左右
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Dear classmates:
It‘s a pleasure for me to have a chance to make a short speech today. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分1-5 CCACA 6-10 CBCAB 11-15 CBAAB 16-17 CA 18. Jack 19. the finishing time 20. a ring/call
第二部分21- 25 BCABA 26- 30 AACCA 31-35 AADAC 36-40 DBACC 41-45 ACABA 46-50 DCDBA 51-55 ACBDB
第三部分56-60 BACAA61-65 ACBBA 66-70 ACBDA 71—75 BAADD 第四部分 第一节：
76.Living Longer or Not
77.I think we are knocking at the door of immortality.
78.we will see it/we can reach that goal
79.With science and technology developing quickly I think it is possible for humans to live longer in the future and more people are paying more attention to their health.
80. 我们还不知道，如果你活过了120岁，你能有足够健康的身体保证你能有好的生活质量吗？
第二节：写作
Dear classmates:
It‘s a pleasure for me to have a chance to make a short speech today. Recently, I have found that some of our classmates study late into the night and do not spare any time to take a rest during the day either, but they often cannot help falling asleep in class. And some classmates seldom have breakfast, which is also a bad habit and will surely do harm to their health.
In my opinion, it‘s extremely important for us to have enough sleep and a proper diet. We must learn to make wise use of our time, and only in this way can we keep fit and study well. I wonder if you agree with me. Thank you for listening!
翻译点津：汉译英的“八戒”
来源：泸江英语网
一、戒“从一而终”
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汉语言简意赅，句子灵活，往往是一个汉语词汇对应N个英语词汇，具体到在本句中应该采用哪个意项，务必抓住精神实质，不可以不变应万变。至于怎么应变，这就是显示译者功力的地方了。比如：都是―问题‖，下面的翻译各不相同。
共同关心的问题questions of common interest 解决问题solve a problem 问题的关键the heart of the matter 关键问题a key problem
原则问题a question/matter of principle 没有什么问题without any mishap
摩托车有点问题Something is wrong with the motorcycle。 问题不在这里That is not the point。
译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的―游击战术‖，翻译家应是不同―文化王国‖边境线上的―游击战略家‖。
沙博里将《水浒传》译为：Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒)，杨宪益译将屈原的《国殇》译为：For Those Fallen for Their Country，北外出版社将《儒林外史》译为：The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的佳作。
二、戒望文生义，机械直译
这多半是初学者犯的毛病，他们易于被表面现象所迷惑。 黄牛(yellow cow——ox前误后正，下同) 黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole) 黄瓜( yellow melon——cucumber) 紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver) 红木(red wood——padauk) 红豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew) 黑社会(black society ——sinister gang)
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三、戒“水土不符”，习惯搭配失当
这的确是难度系数较大的问题，它要求译者既有较高的中文修养，又要有较高的英文造诣，一知半解的人常常在此―翻车‖。如：
写罢，掷笔在桌上。又歌了一回，再饮数杯酒，不觉沉醉，力不胜酒，便呼酒保计算了，取些银子算还，多的都赏了酒保。 And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned
the verses to himself, then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change. (沙博里译《水浒传·浔阳楼宋江吟反诗》) 目前，《水浒传》最好的英译本要数沙博里先生的本子了。沙博里出生在美国，青年时来到中国，一住就是半个多世纪。为了译好《水浒传》，据说他潜心研究了山东的地方志和旧时方言，可谓精诚所致，译著既―达‖又―雅‖。然而历史告诉我们，中国古人没有用过钢笔，宋朝时用的还是毛笔，故the pen 应改为the writing-brush。
下面的译文就较好地照顾到了西方人的思维和理解习惯： 美国把贸易和扯在一起，只会损害两国的经济利益。
The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries。
关起门来搞建设是不成的，中国的发展离不开世界。 China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world。 四、戒主语暗淡
主语是句子的灵魂，定住译文的主语是关键的一步棋。主语定偏了，整个句子将显得松散乏力，甚至会误导读者。例如： 如果这个问题不解决，势必影响两国的利益。
Failure to settle this issue is bound to impair the relations between the two countries seriously。
If the problem is not solved, it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries。
在上面的两种译文中，显然第一种译文主语选得好，句子流畅。又如：
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夏威夷的沙滩上，椰影婆娑，海风习习，一妙龄女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上养神。
On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenial sea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastic chair resting to restore energy。
因为是轻松读本，又是描述性的文字，使用三个主语the coconut palms、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady仍是可取的。 五、戒结构单调，组合生硬“拉郎配”
由于汉英结构不同，表达方式迥异，硬性翻译不仅读起来别扭，而且会闹出笑话。这就要求译者在翻译时灵活使用整合的技巧，将句子整合，凸显汉语中所隐含的层次，补充所缺失的成分。有时要将简单句译成并列句，有时将并列句译成主从句。
在纪念大学毕业20周年聚会时，我忽然问起原来的班主任：―我个子又不矮，怎么把我安排在了第一排呢？‖
At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:‖ Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?‖
一个高度近视的女博士去擦鞋店擦高统靴，秃头老板亲自蹲下来给她效劳。 When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally。 六、戒“愚忠”，不谙增减之道
我们耳熟能详的东西外国人可能会感到一头雾水，译者需要增加必要的说明和补充或者减译。否则，外国人会不知所云。毕竟，汉译英最终是给外国人看的。 例如：风水
fengshui——the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family。 七、戒语句重复
汉语多重复，以强化语气；英语则要尽量避免重复。 王曰：―此鸟不飞则已，一飞冲天；不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。‖
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―The bird may not have flown yet‖， replied the King, ―Once it does, it will soar to the sky. I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone。‖(杨宪益译《史记-滑稽列传》)
中国人也好，外国人也好，死人也好，活人也好，对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。
What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, no matter what it concerns, the Chinese or foreigners, the dead or the living。 八、戒另起炉灶，走失精气神
译文要力求其―信‖，尽可能契合汉语原来句子的气势、情绪和结构。 例如，元朝人王实甫写下了《西厢记》，张雪静改编后并作了翻译—— 掏出张生那封信，回头环视见梳妆台上的梳妆盒，眼睛一转，心里说有了，将信放了进去，合上盖时故意压了一角露在外面。
Rose took out Zhang's letter, she thought, ―It would be better to put it in her make-up case, and letter find it herself。‖ So she put the letter in the case, leaving a corner of it sticking out, so that it would be quickly noticed。
不难看出，译文与原文相去甚远，互不吻合，成了―两张皮‖。 你已经死在过深的怨愤里了吗？ 死？不，不，我还活着—— 请给我以火，给我以火！
Have you perished in this deep rancor and bitterness? Death? No, no. I'm still alive。 Please give me a light, give me a light!
13个你可能不知道的真相
来源：环球时报
You spend about 23 years sleeping in a 70 year life.
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在70年的生命中，你大约要花23年的时间睡觉。 Owls are the only birds that can see the colour blue.
猫头鹰是唯一能看见蓝色的鸟类。
Your stomach has to produce a new layer of mucus every two weeks otherwise it will
digest itself.
为了防止把自己消化掉，你的胃不得不每隔两周就造出一层新的粘膜。 People will say ―Bless you‖ when you sneeze because your heart stops for a
millisecond. 当你打喷嚏时，人们会说―上帝保佑你‖，那是因为你的心脏停跳了一毫秒。
All polar bears are left-handed. 所有的北极熊都是左撇子。 A cat has 32 muscles in each ear. 猫的每只耳朵上有32块肌肉。 Pigs can become alcoholic.
猪有变成酒鬼的能力。
Bats use ultrasound to pick up vibrations from their prey.
蝙蝠用超声波识别猎物发出的震动。
Butterflies taste with their feet.
蝴蝶用脚品尝味道。
An average head has between 100,000-150,000 hairs.
人们头上通常有10万到15万根头发。
In our solar system, the earth is the lucky planet that has the right temperature to
recycle water. 在太阳系中地球是个幸运的星球，因为它有适宜的温度可以使水再循环
Nails grow at 3mm per month. 指甲每个月会长3毫米。
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Hair on your head grows at 10-13mm per month.
你的头发每个月会长10至13毫米。
高考英语一轮复习必知的10大锦囊
通过锦囊一：名词作定语的其他特殊情况
用名词来作定语，往往用其单数形式。但有些特殊情况下必须用其复数形式来作定语。如：sports meeting运动会；students reading room学生阅览室；talks table谈判桌等。man, woman, gentleman 等作定语时，其单复数依其修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：a woman doctor；men workers；women teachers；gentlemen officials等。
通过锦囊二：代词解题通法
通过对近三年语法填空试题的分析来看，代词除了主要考查it的用法之外，考查的其他代词比较多，也比较复杂，所以在解答此类试题时。要注意以下几个方面。
1.牢记代词的基本用法，这是很关键的。由于代词比较复杂，每类代词都有其使用的特点，如形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2.在具体的语境中要能够判断出属于哪种代词，同时要准确地使用。 3.对于代词中一些容易混淆的知识点要特别地加以记忆，如both, all；neither, none；other, another等。
通过锦囊三：三招攻克动词难点 1.结合语境，推敲状语，确定动词时态
语法填空常需要结合语境来确定答案。如果文章的整体时态为过去时，动词的时态应是与过去相关的时态：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时等。此外，熟记各种时态的常用时间状语，对于确定时态有极大的帮助。如：since, so far, up till now, in the past years等是现在完成时的标志；years ago, yesterday, last night是一般过去时态的标志词；by the end of last (next) month, when he got/gets to the station, before he did sth。常用于过去(将来)完成时态；always 常用于一般现在时和带有感情色彩的进行时等。但是，做题时仍需结合语境，切忌教条主义。如： I was in Hangzhou on business for a week last month.There I was greatly struck by the beauty of the West Lake.
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2.熟记句型提高速度
(1)It‘s time sb. did/should do sth. (2)sb. would rather did/had done sth. (3)was/were doing sth....when...
(4)no sooner ...than... hardly...when... scarcely...when.。.句型中主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain. (5)had wanted/hoped to do sth. (6)It won‘t be long before...
(7)It‘s/has been+some time+ since sb. did sth. (8)Would you mind if I did sth.? (9)be (was/were) about to do sth....when... 3.借助构词法掌握动词 常用动词前缀：
dis- 不，非，相反如：dislike, disagree， discontinue
en-置于……之中，使成为 如：enable， endanger， enlarge， enrich fore-先于，预先 如：foretell, foresee
mis-坏(或错)，糟糕(或错误) 如：misuse， mistake， misfortune， misspell， misunderstand
over-过于，反转 如：overeat, overdressed, oversleep, overpraise， overuse， overdrink， overpay， overturn， overthrow trans-横穿，进入(另一地方)，成为(另一状态) 如：translate, transform, transcontinental
re- 又，再，重新如：retell, rewrite un-相反 如：unload, uncover
de- ……的反义，向下如：descend, degrade
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out-超过，过分 如：outdo, outbid co-共同，一起 如：coexist, cooperate 常用动词后缀：
-ize, -ise 成为，使，使像如：modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize -en 使成为，变得如：quicken, weaken, soften, harden -fy 使得，变成如：beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 通过锦囊四：浅谈比较等级
1.由介词in或of构成的短语说明比较的范围，如果在一定的地域空间内用in；如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。例如：
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 The Yangtze River is the longest river of all the rivers in China. 长江是中国所有河流中最长的。
2.\"never...+比较级.。.或not...ever...+比较级...\"也表示最高级。例如：I have never read a better book than this. (=This is the best book I have ever read。) 我从未读过比这本更好的书。
I didn‘t think I have ever been angrier in my life. 我想我一生中从没有比这次更生气的了。
3.在最高级前加a，不表示\"最……\"，只是用来加强语气，有\"很，非常\"之意。例如：This is a most interesting book. 这是一本非常有趣的书。
I think this method is simplest and easiest. 我认为这个办法最简易不过的了。 4.几个特殊的形容词和副词的比较级、最高级：good/well：better，best；bad/ill/badly：worse，worst； many/much：more，most；little:less，least；far：farther/further，farthest/furthest；old：older/elder，oldest/eldest 通过锦囊五：在下列短语或表达中须用不定冠词a(n)
1.have a swim/walk/talk/look； have a good time；keep a diary；in a hurry；have/lead/live a...life；once in a while；at a loss；once upon a time；tell a lie；all of a sudden；do sb. a favor；a mouthful of；at a distance等； 2.what/such/quite/rather a(n)+形容词+ 单数可数名词；
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3.too/as/how/however+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词； 4.many a(n)+单数可数名词； 5.not a(n)+单数可数名词； 6.half a(n)+单数可数名词。 通过锦囊六：夯实基础，注重积累
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其使用频率相当高，用法多而杂。几乎每一个介词都可用来表示多种不同的含义，不同的介词往往又有十分相似的用法。因此，在平时的复习中，考生应从基础着手，逐一学会常见介词的基本用法，弄清易混介词的用法。在掌握常见介词的基本用法的基础上，通过广泛阅读和细心揣摩，认真比较、归纳不同介词的不同用法，以期收到良好的效果。 1.名词与介词的固定搭配
(1)要求接介词to的名词： key, answer, visit, apology, introduction (2)要求接介词in的名词： interest, satisfaction, expert (3)要求接介词on的名词： mercy, congratulation
(4)要求接其他介词的名词：prize for, respect for, victory over, struggle with 2.形容词与介词的固定搭配
(1)要求接介词at的形容词：angry, good, bad, clever, surprised, excited, puzzled, frightened
(2)要求接介词of的形容词：afraid, sure, certain, full, fond, proud, worthy (3)要求接介词with的形容词：angry, strict, careful, busy, popular (4)要求接介词in的形容词：weak, rich, interested, successful
(5)要求接介词to的形容词：next, polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, similar, due (6)要求接介词for的形容词：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, hungry (7)要求接介词from的形容词：far, different, free, safe, absent
(8)要求接介词about的形容词：worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain 通过锦囊七：其他情况下谓语动词的数
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1.由\"a kind of /this kind of /many kinds of+名词\" \"名词+of this kind \"或与kind类似的表示单位、度量的名词(如type, sort, series, form, pair, cup, glass, load, block, box, handful, ton, metre)构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前面的名词保持一致。
2.由\"some of/plenty of/a lot of/lots of/most of/the rest of/part of/half (of)/all (of)+名词\"或\"分数/百分数+名词\"作主语时，谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。 3.\"a number of+复数名词\"(很多，若干)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；\"the number of+复数名词\"(……的数量)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 通过锦囊八：并列连词的其他用法
1.not only...but also.。.连接并列分句时，not only常放于句首，不过此时not only引导的句子用部分倒装结构，即要将助动词提到主语之前。如：Not only can Jane play the piano wonderfully, but she can (also) dance very well. 简不仅钢琴弹得漂亮，舞跳得也好。
2.while／whereas在表示转折关系时，往往连接内容和结构对称的句子，常用来强调前后鲜明的对比。如：I love strong tea while my father loves coffee. 我喜欢浓茶，然而我爸爸却喜欢咖啡。
通过锦囊九：虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法小结 1.虚拟语气用于宾语从句。 (1)wish后面的宾语从句
wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词的构成形式为：①表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；②表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；③表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could/might+动词原形。(wish后的宾语从句不用should)。如： I wish I were a boy. 要是我是个男孩就好了。
How I wish I had taken my mother‘s advice! 要是我听从母亲的劝告，那该多好！
(2)recommend, desire, demand, insist, suggest, advise, command, request, require, order, propose等及物动词后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气， 其形式为\"should+动词原形\其中should可以省略。 [HTH]注意：[HTF]suggest意为\"暗示，表明\"，insist意为\"坚持说，坚持认为\"时，从句中应用陈述语气。例如：
The smile on his face suggested that he agreed to this plan. 他脸上的微笑表明他同意这项计划。
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The boy insisted that he hadn‘t broken the window. 小男孩坚持说他没打碎窗户。
2.虚拟语气用于as if/as though从句。在as if/as though引导的从句中，谓语动词的变化与wish后面的宾语从句情况一样。如： It looks as if he were drunk. 他看上去好像喝醉了。
The pencil seems as though it were broken when it is partly put in the water. 当把铅笔的一部分放入水中时，看上去好像折了一样。
The material feels as if it were cotton. 这种材料摸上去好像是棉质的。 3.虚拟语气用于定语从句。
在\"It is (high/about) time that...\"的句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或\"should+动词原形\"(should不能省略)，意为\"现在该到……的时候了\"。如： It‘s high time we should have a rest. 我们早该休息了。 It‘s time that you made up your mind. 你该下定决心了。
4.虚拟语气用于would rather后面的句子中。在would rather后面的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。如： 5.\"(should)+动词原形\"用于其他名词性从句中。
(1)在It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/suggested/advised that.。.句型中，主语从句的谓语动词用\"(should)+动词原形\"。
(2)在It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural that.。.句型中，主语从句的谓语动词用\"(should)+动词原形\"。
(3) 在advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语用\"(should)+动词原形\"。如： My suggestion is that we (should) walk home instead of taking a taxi. 我的建议是我们走着回去，不用坐出租车。
通过锦囊十：状语从句中的时态、语气、强调和成分省略问题 1.状语从句的时态
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(1)当主句是一般将来时时，在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的时间。
(2)when, before, after引导的从句的动作与主句动作的先后关系：若主从句的动作先后发生在过去，通常先发生的动作用过去完成时表示，后发生的动作用一般过去时。before, after本身已能表达动作的先后关系，所以在含有before, after从句的句子中，主从句的动作都可用一般过去时。 2.状语从句的语气 (见虚拟语气)
(1)as if /as though引导的从句以及if only.。.(但愿，要是……就好了)句子的虚拟情况：用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。 (2)if引导的非真实条件句中的虚拟情况。 3.状语从句的成分省略
在时间、条件、原因、让步、方式等状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句中含有be动词时，我们可将从句的主语(或作主语的代词it)连同be动词一起省略。 4.状语从句的强调
not until引导的时间状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句可用于强调句型。句型构成分别是：\"It was not until ... that ...\"和\"It is/was because ... that...\"。 北京五棵松第一场歌单中英文对照
1. 只愿为你守着约 I Only Want To Keep A Promise To You 2. 红豆 Red Bean 3. 乘客 Passenger
4. 又见炊烟 Sighting Of Chimney Smoke 5. 天使 Angel 6. 挣脱 Elude 7. 怀念 Rilkean Heart 8. 矜持 Reservedness 9. 我愿意 I'm Willing
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10. 传奇 Legend 11. 将爱 To Love
12. 开到荼蘼 The Last Blossom 13. 闷 Bored
14. 再见萤火虫 Farewell Firefly 15. 催眠 Hypnotise 16. 天空 Sky
17. 但愿人长久 Wishing We Last Forever 18. 当时的月亮 The Moon at That Moment 19. 我爱你 I Love You 20. 人间 Mortal World 21. 新房客 New Tenant 22. 香奈儿 Chanel
23. 寒武纪 The Cambrian Age 24. 彼岸花 Flower on the Other Shore
英语中你没见过的新鲜词汇
来源：国际在线
中文里有―宅‖―恐婚族‖这样的城市流行语，英文中一样有这样想象力与构词法催生的新鲜词。这些新词的生命力有多久且不论，我们完全可以拿来让自己的语言更生动有趣，比如说中午太困了，可以说I got a mid-day crisis. 是不是很有腔调的感觉呢？
Good lenses, bad frames 人不可貌相
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Describing someone who gives a bad first impression but is actually a good person. Someone who doesn't appear to be competent, yet is extremely capable at what he/she does。
形容一个给人的第一印象极差、但本质很好的人，或者指表面看不出来，实则深藏不露的高手。
例句：Dr. Bruce is a spaz, but he's one of the best doctors I know. You wouldn't know it by looking at him...good lenses, bad frames。 Mid-day crisis 午间危机
When one is in adesperate need for a siesta because they become extremely tired in the afternoon and coffee isn't cutting it any longer。
指急需午睡以补充体力的情况，这种时候通常咖啡已经不管用了。 例句：After that wild night of drinking, I had the worst mid-day crisis ever。 Clock Out With My Cock Out 下班high去喽
To \"call it a day\" at work so you can go party。
下班之后去派对狂欢(clock out即打卡下班，也可以说punch out) 例句：-Hey, dude, you coming to happy hour? -Hells yeah! It's time to clock out with my cock out! Nearsighted Date “近视”相亲
As opposed to a blind date, where you have no idea what the other person looks like, a nearsighted date is one where you've seen a photo or chatted via web before meeting in person。
与blind date(事先一无所知的相亲)相对，指在相亲前看过对方的照片或者网聊过。
This can often lead to disappointment if one person or the other has supplied misleading documentation。
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如果对方没有给你真实照片或提供了虚假信息，nearsighted date一样有见光死的可能。
例句：That's the last nearsighted date I ever go on...her profile picture must have been 5 years, 3 hair colors and 2 kids ago。(这个见光死死得彻底啊……) Happy Late Year 拜个晚年
When people are still saying Happy New Year, even though it's already a week after the new year。
年后一个星期，拜年的时候就不是new year了，是late year。 例句：-Happy new year!!! whats up??
-More like happy late year... it was new years 5 days ago。 Work avalanche 工作压死人
When there is so much work piled on your desk, movement from under it is nearly impossible。
桌上一堆东西要处理，想脱身而出，不可能。
例句：Hey, pour me a drink! I worked up quite a thirstdigging out from my work avalanche to get to happy hour
英语选择题答题技巧
英语选择题答题技巧
因为英语学科要说的明白，需要的篇幅较长，我尽量简化，同学们耐心看吧。当然，水平高的同学就不必看了。 1、做好英语选择题的前提
英语满篇都是选择题，貌似很好做，但是很多人确实丢分丢的厉害。究竟是什么原因呢？今天不讨论这些，但是要强调一点：英语做题的出发点是以其母语为出发点的。
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英语的特性是直来直往，是非常讲究客观的，但是我们容易接受的思维却极其主观的，因此许多同学在读懂题目的情况下仍然对着选项模棱两可，导致丢分，就是因为很多选项从主观意思上去想都是成立的，但是从客观描述上题目并没有讲到。
比如07年全国卷阅读题，部分同学可能有见过，阅读理解大意是圣诞前夕，大家都在准备狂欢，装饰自己的屋子等，但是有一对夫妇骑车去上班，下班回家时发现车子被偷了。后来这对夫妇登了报纸，很多人关心他，甚至有人送车给他。有道题问，这段话告诉我们什么？选项有这对夫妇过的日子很艰辛，大家可能会想，大过节的大家都在玩，确实是很辛苦。但是原文没有提到，很多人自认为正确的答案其实是错的。还有到题问，这篇文章说明了什么？有两选项：去公司上班去要记得看好车子；登报使人出名。这些都是主观选项，很多人认为车丢了当然要看好车子，还有一部分人认为登了报纸，不但找回车，还有人送车，这说明登报使人出名了，这些都是主观选项。
单选、完形也存在这么些情况，很多时候大家题目看的很顺，甚至每个单词都认识，但是一看选项傻眼了，这是因为没有抓住语义做题，具体原因也不多做分析了，其实大家心里都有个数。
做好英语的前提第一是保持客观性，这也是做好任何学科选择题的前提。英语做题的另一个重点是讲究用语义做题。
2、淡化语法结构分析，转为语法客观理解
当前最首要的是要淡化语法结构分析，转为客观理解语法：现在大家都落入到语法结构分析的套路中去，始终弄不明白各种繁杂的语法。语法书都是翻开任何一本语法书，有薄于100页的吗，即使你通读下来，有帮助吗？因为我们总是单独的去看一个独立的语法点，从来没有去理清这些语法之间的关系。先看这句话，Although she is beautiful, but I cannot marry her.大家都知道这句话是错的，因为although和but不能连用，但是，你想过为什么不能一起用吗？再看这句话：I see a girl is beautiful. 大家应该知道这句话是错的，甚至有些同学可以告诉我，这句话应该改成I see a girl who is beautiful.的定语从句，水平再高一点的同学会告诉我，这句话还可以改成I see a girl being beautiful.的非谓语动词形式，谁能告诉我这句话为什么不对？就是因为你说不出为什么不对，你才会在紧张的高考做题中不断出错，其实，客观的理解高中英语语法乃至整个英语语法最本质也是最核心的一句话就是―一句话有且只有一个谓语‖，也就是说，没有谓语不行，但多了也不行，see已经充当谓语，后面的is就要降低身份，而降低身份只有两种方法，一种是变成从句，另一种是非谓语动词，于是才有了后面的一系列语法。现在再回头想想为什么although和but不能同时用，也就容易明白了，当你按照这个思路把整个高中语法做成一张图，怎么考也不会再害怕了。
英语时态是最常考的问题，高中要求大家熟练掌握六种时态，过去完成时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时，还有两种时态可能考到，但要求不高，即将来完成时和将来进行时，我们学习的时候一定是这样学的，―现在完成时主要有两种用法，一种是过去发生的动作持续到现在，一种是过去发生的动作没有持续到现在但是对现在产生影响，‖会做题了吗？会写句子了吗？还是不会！结果老师又要你每个时态背一堆时间状语！假设你全都背下来了，能做题吗？大家看看下面这句话对不对：I knew you‘ve already done it.注意，有already喔！
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如果你觉得上一句没错，再看这句对不对：I knew you‘d already done it.好像不对。因为大家只记得看到already要选现在完成时。但是，第二句才是正确的写法，这里只能用过去完成时！为什么你会选错？因为你依然没有将所有时态之间联系起来，只是孤立地背诵每一种时态，结果必然惨败。我们要从语义上判断时态。大家请客观的认识时态的本质：时态并不是反映了时间状语，而是反映了动作发生的先后顺序，换句话说，当我们叙述一连串的动作时，要按照这样的顺序：had done – did – have done – do – will do，上句说―我知道你已经做过了‖，―知道‖用了一般过去时，―做‖是在知道以前发生的动作，所以往回推一格，就剩had done。依此类推，所有的时态考题可轻易拿下，本质上还是根据语义做题。知道了这个原理，试着做一下这道题（2008年全国卷）
27. — Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? —Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined 3、介词的理解
介词的重要性毋庸置疑，无论是单选还是完形，甚至写作用好了介词，能够盘活一篇枯燥的作文，其作用比语法实用，考试可以不做语法分析，但是不能对介词不理解。我们学习介词的过程中始终只记得意思或者作为一个固定搭配词组的附属词记忆，这都是本末倒置的，一个固定搭配或词组的灵魂在介词，而不是这个动词，希望大家从意思上去从新理解介词，掌握他的特性。关于的理解我就不多说了，之前放过视频自己看看吧。 4、选择题实战技巧
阅读我不说了，大家请看：如何在水平不够的情况下做英语阅读
选择题，从头到尾充满了暗示点，就如上一题黑体字部分就直接给了选项暗示。这里我直接从网上拔一篇完形填空，不给大家答案，但是给出暗示点，来说明如何做选择题。 The Florida sun baked my shoulders as I worked along the I-595 freeway near Fort Lauderdale, picking up rubbish. I paused to 36 the sweat off my forehead and look up at the cloudless blue sky.― 37 can’t it rain?‖ I thought. That would 38 things down.
I thought about my 39 , who were probably sitting in an air-conditioned 40 right now. I‘d had some problems in school, 41 my parents decided to let me 42 full-time with my dad, We both worked for my uncle, who had taken 43 of a maintenance（道路养护）company. It was up to us to keep the roads 44 of rubbish. The job was 45 and dirty, especially on hot days 46 this. I wondered why I ever agreed to do it.
We continued our 47 route along the I-595, 48 for the overpass bridge. Then I noticed an area where some 49 were broken on the ground. It wasn‘t like that before. ―Dad! Pull over! I want to 50 something out.‖
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I jumped off the truck and rushed to the bridge. Something was telling me to 51 …there wasn’t much time. 52 I saw a Toyota that 53 upside down in the tree. Maybe it was a stolen car that somebody 54 there, I thought. Then, just at that 55 , I noticed something moving. It was a bloody leg poking out of the driver‘s side window! ―Heeeelp!‖a lady moaned.
36． A．wipe B．cut C．put D．send 37． A．When B．How C．Why D．Where 38． A．turn B．keep C．make D．cool
39． A．parents B．school-times C．friends D．school yards 40． A．office B．classroom C．restaurant D．living room 41． A．but B．or C．for D．so 42． A．work B．study C．stay D．spend 43． A．business B．possession C．position D．place 44． A．away B．from C．far D．clear 45． A．easy B．lonely C．smelly D．noisy 46． A．for B．like C．after D．as
47． A．regular B．common C．unusual D．normal 48． A．reaching B．going C．looking D．heading 49． A．cars B．bottles C．branches D．glasses 50． A．check B．help C．take D．bring 51． A．decide B．hurry C．consider D．stop 52． A．Above B．Behind C．Ahead D．Below 53． A．hung B．trapped C．caught D．fell 54． A．stored B．deserted C．lost D．hid 55． A．bridge B．tree C．moment D．way
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英语题的暗示性很强的，不仅这篇文章，几乎所有文章都这模样：
转折、关联词必有暗示如but，also，although；指代词必有暗示如which，who，that，it，where等；关系词、连接词必有暗示如and，as，as a resout等；疑问词如why，why not等。剩下的是介词，如up、down，off等。这些暗示不是在原文中就是在选项中，因此，做英语题，完全可以根据暗示快速做题。当然必须结合语义做题，才能100%正确。假设我读不是很懂这篇，但是完全可以这么读，我都读成这德性了，但是依旧可以把题做出来。我工作在什么附近，在捡垃圾，我怎么着（）擦汗我的额头，并抬头看天，（ ）不下雨？我想，那将（ ）东西down，我开始想念我的（ )谁可能坐在（ ）现在。我存在一些问题在学校，（ ）我父母决定让我（ ）和我爸爸一起，我们都为叔叔工作，谁（ ）公司，……保持路面（ ）of垃圾，工作怎么（ ）和脏，尤其是热天（ ）这里。
我们继续（ ）这条什么街，（ ）过桥。我看到一个地方一些（ ）坏在路上，不像平时那样。
……我想（ ）什么东西out，…………一些东西告诉我（ ），没太多时间了。（ ）我看到一个什么（ ）怎么着在树里面，可能是一部偷来的车（ ）那，我想，那时，就在那（ ），我看见什么动了。……后面是描述一个人的不翻译了。
有些题可能比较难找暗示，可以先放着，看到后文就能明白了。希望谁照着试做一遍，把答案回复上来。
这么读下来费事不费事？几乎看一遍就下来了，再把选项略微翻译下，什么答案都出来了。并且上下文联系的紧密读和暗示性足够，做题根本不是问题。
大家可以翻任何一道题，考固定搭配的极少，介词稍微一理解，就完了，几乎都是靠语义做题结合上下文的暗示点就能完成。如单选我举几道题： 1.— Have you heard the latest news? —No, what ______
A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those 直接把复数的排除，news不用管它的形式。 2.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ____ they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 不用看完了go to一定是地点，选D 3.—It‘s a long time since I saw my sister. — _________ her this weekend‘? A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why don‘t visit 选项都是why not，直接排除D，why not+原形这个不会就没话说了。
4. — How‘s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It_______ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 意思不确定，发在now之前，选B结束。
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5. ―Goodbye, then,‖ she said, without even ________ from her book.
A. looking down B. looking up C. looking away D. looking on 语义，甚至头也不抬。 其实英语内容并不多，要理解的也不多，只是大多数学生忽略了学习英语过程中，最基本的元素就是语义。能大致弄懂意思，就可以变成纯中文题了，至于语法之类的，看完考卷，你给我说说所占比例究竟有多少？丢了也比其他不会做的强，何况语法稍微了解下，就可建立在语义上做题。
大家做题要善于找暗示，还要学会读自己能够读懂的单词，别害怕这个词陌生，老是猜测这个词什么意思，很多情况下不读生词完全能够通过其他字面的翻译做题的，当然，选项看不懂的，拿两个硬币丢吧。
高考英语预测系列试题（1）·短语
英语短语高频词组
1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。 2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在
3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉
4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed in 全神贯注于… 近义：be engrossed ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on
5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解
7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,
8. of one‘s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one‘s accord with 同….不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据
12. on one‘s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one‘s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.
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13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)
15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.
17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告
19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.
20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉
21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理 22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)
24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之
25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;
29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地. 30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先. 31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.
32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
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33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.
34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致
36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.
38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计
40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.
41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到 . 42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.
43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.
44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.
45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for 46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉
47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用. 49. apply to 与…有关;适用
50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准
51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起. 52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做…
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53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);
54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以… 为羞耻 55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信. 56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结 57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…
58. attend to (=give one‘s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料 59. attitude to toward …对…的态度.看法
60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果
61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均
62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.
63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面
64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one‘s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.
65. at one‘s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one ‘s back 有…支持, 有…作后台
66. turn one‘s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃
67. behind one‘s back 背着某人(说坏话) 68. be based on upon 基于
69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上 70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢
71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)
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72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义
73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰. 74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处. 75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处) 76. for the better 好转
77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.
78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生 79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上 80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)
81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机 82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘 83. out of breath 喘不过气来
84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的 86. take the floor 起立发言 87. on business 出差办事.
88. be busy with sth.于某事。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 89. last but one 倒数第二.
90. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设 91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买
92. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的 93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost , whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何
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94. in case (=for fear that) 万一;
95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言 96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 97. be cautious of 谨防
98. center one‘s attention on(=focus one‘s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上
99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定. 100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 101. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然 102. for a change换换环境(花样等) 103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…
104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管 105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) 106. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有… 107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地 108. comment on 评论
109. commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one‘s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论
110. in common (和…)有共同之处,共用. be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的 111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好. 112. compare…with … 把…与…比较 113. compare…to… 把…比作… 114. by comparison 比较起来
115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起来
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116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补
117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情;
complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维)
118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从 119. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想 120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心 121. be concerned with (=about) 与…有关 122. concern oneself about with 关心
123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时; 124. condemn sb. to 判决
125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件, 假如. in that = because因为; now that = since既然 for all that = although 尽管
126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit) 健康状况好不好 . in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态
127. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行.
128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one‘s secret) 对…讲真心话, 依赖 129. in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心
130. confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖
131. be confident of 有信心; confidential 机密的 132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内 133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等)
134. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey 服从; 2) observe; 3)comply with照…办; 4)keep to遵循; 5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做 -
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135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面对, 面临 136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺
137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于, 138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道 139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意 140. in consequence (=as a result) 结果
141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果 142. under consideration 在考虑中
143. in consideration of (=in return for, on account of, because of )由于 144. on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不
145.take…into consideration (=take account of, take…into account)考虑到, 把 …考虑进去
146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的
147. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的. consist in主要在于. consist with符合,与…一致
148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致. be consistent in一贯的 , 149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教 150. to one‘s heart‘s content尽情地,痛痛快快
151. be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事 152. contrary to (=in opposition to) 与…相反 153. on the contrary 相反
154. contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照)
155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下 156. contribute to 有助于
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157. under control (被)控制住 out of control无法控制
158. at one‘s convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点 .be convenient to for 对…方便
159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.) 使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…
160. cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理
161. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境
162. correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信 163. correspond to 相当于 . correspond with 符合,一致 164. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价 165. a matter of course 理所当然的事 166. as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地 167. in (during) the course 在…过程中
168. in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久, 到一定时候 169. on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one‘s credit使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣
170．be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的 171. cure sb. of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病
172．a danger to对…的危险; be in danger(of)处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险
173. to date(=so far, until now) 到目前为止
174. out of date过时的；up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有)
175. deal with (=concern) 论及 176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债
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177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中 in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加 178. to one‘s delight 令某人感到高兴 to one‘s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇; 179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢, 取乐 180. take (a) delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐
181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西
182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时 183. be dependent on 依靠
184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物
185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于
186. despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望 187. in despair 绝望
188. despite (=in spite of) 不管, 尽管 189. in detail 详细地
190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办 191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食 192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于… 193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难,
194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因…解雇, 开除 195. fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪 196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列 197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉
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198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议 199. in dispute 在争议中
200. in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出
201. (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 与…截然不同 202. distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别 203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开
204. do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去,废除,取消; do away with (=kill) 杀掉, 镇压
205. have…to do with 与…有关系
206. without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地
207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑 208. be due to 是由于 209. come off duty 下班 210. go on duty 上班
211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时
212. be in duty bound to (do) (=be required by one‘s job or esp. by conscience) 有义务(做)
213. be eager for 想得到, 盼望
214. by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed) 凭记忆,不看乐谱
215. have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language)对..有鉴赏力
216. a word in one‘s ear 私房话, 秘密话 217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然 218. with ease ( = easily) 容易, 不费力
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219. at (one‘s) ease ( = without worry or nervousness) 自在,不拘束
220. put sb. at his her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束
221. economize on (=save sth. instead of being wasteful) 节省 222. have an effect on 对…有影响 223. be in effect (=be in operation) 有效
224. go into effect 生效. ( 近 come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect) 225. in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上 226. give effect to (=carry out) 实行,使…生效 227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果 228. (be) of no effect (=useless) 无效
229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是… 230. to that effect 是那个意思的…
231. emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 出现, 暴露(问题. 意见等) 232. place(or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上
233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in hisher work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in hisher idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲
234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事 235. on end (=continuously) 连续地 236. (be) at an end (=finished) 结束了
高考英语预测系列试题（2）·阅读理解
新闻报道类阅读理解题预测
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近几年新闻报道类在高考阅读理解中屡屡出现，已经引起了我们师生的注意。我们考生在阅读新闻报道类短文时，应该注意以下几个方面： 一、如果有标题的话，要重视新闻报道文章的标题
标题通常点明短文的主题思想，例如：通过某文的标题Old Computers Make for Unhappy Workers Survey说明本篇报道的主题就是陈旧电脑设备导致工人不满，并告知读者这是一份调查报告。但是高考试卷中的大部分新闻报道都会有意识地删掉标题，以考查考生对主题思想的归纳概括能力。 二、重视对新闻报道文章导语部分
由于高考试卷中的大部分新闻报道短文都会有意识地删掉标题，因此全文的主题和论点这时必须通过理解和分析导语部分来获得。考生可以从导语部分的开头来了解该新闻报道的来源和时间，如通过本文开头Beijing 读者可以了解到该篇报道是由中国国内报道的。如果是New Yoke ，那么考生就会知道这篇报道是来自于美国方面的报道。因此考生要想掌握新闻报道的主题或论点概况，必须仔细阅读导语。导语(1ead)就是指新闻报道的第一段或第一、二段(例如上文的第一段)，它是新闻报道最基本内容的概括和浓缩，它通常反映新闻报道的主题或论点。 三、重视每个段落的链接
新闻报道通常结构看似比较松散，而实际上并非如此。新闻报道的正文主要对导语部分所提供的主题信息的相关细节进行叙述或议论。新闻报道在叙述或议论过程中其正文部
分往往由很多短小的段落组成，但是这些短小的段落确是按照一定的时间、逻辑或空间等顺序进行展开，环环相扣，因此结构仍然很紧密。 四、重视新闻报道文章的阅读方法
英文报刊的新闻报道和中文报刊一样，都在真实的原则下，力求简洁生动，有吸引
力，能快而准地给读者提供信息，传达时事为此，作者往往开门见山，将一则消息的主要
内容浓缩在第一段里，使读者一看就能略知此新闻报道的主题思想。所以说新闻报道的
第一段是全文的精华和缩影，我们必须重视对该段的阅读和分析。 · 五、重视和熟悉新闻英语的常用短词
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由于报刊的篇幅有限，新闻报道在词汇的使用上也力求删繁就简，即以短词取代长词，其用词强调简明扼要，切中要害。新闻标题中常见的缩写词主要有三种： 1．组织机构的简称，如CPC中国共产党，CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议，UNESCO联合国教科文组织，EEC欧洲经济共同体，NATO北大西洋公约组织，OPEC石油输出国组织，IRA爱尔兰共和军。
2．表示职务或职业特征的各种人物名称，如MP国会议员，VIP重要人物，DJ无线
电唱片音乐节，目广播员。
3．某些大家熟悉的事物名称，如TB肺结核，DJI道琼斯指数，UFO飞碟(不明飞行物体)，USO不明潜水物体。此外，新闻标题还广泛使用简缩词，即通过―截短法‖或―缩短法‖构成的截头；去尾或把两个词各取一部分合在一起而构成的短词。
六、重视新闻报道分类阅读理解指导 1．记叙类的新闻报道阅读理解指导
对于记叙类的新闻报道，考生应在了解短文主题思想的前提下，认真阅读和分析新
闻报道的正文部分，从中了解到何人、何事、何时、何处、何因以及方式等六大要素以及这些要素的变化和发展情况，从而对整个事件有个详尽的认识和理解。高考对记叙类的新闻报道阅读理解的命题主要考查考生对细节理解和分析能力，通常从报道细节进行命题，如事实理解与判断、因果方式判断、语序排列判断等，偶然也有全文或段落主题归纳、写作目的判断等。 2．议论类的新闻报道阅读理解指导
对于议论类的新闻报道，考生首先应对新闻报道的导语部分准确分析把握它的核心论点，然后对新闻报道的主体部分认真阅读和分析，明确作者的观点和态度或其中主要人物的观点与态度，弄清短文为支持论点(或分论点)所提供的各个论据及其逻辑关系；梳理短文所提供的各种数据；如果是辩论类新闻报道，考生还要分析正方观点、反方观点及其相应的论据。 3．说明类的新闻报道阅读理解指导
对于说明类的新闻报道，考生首先弄清该篇新闻报道说明或介绍的主体是什么，然后再从主体部分了解主体事物的起源、结构、性能、特征、历史变迁、发展前景、社会影响等。 【高考预测一】
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An unusual group of musicians from the land of Mozart have just started a nine-day European tour.
The First Viennese Vegetable Orchestra (管弦乐队) from Austria contains eight musicians, one sound technician and one cook.
This mix of people may seem strange until you know the orchestra play
instruments they have carved (雕刻) out of vegetables. At the end of the performance, the cook cuts up the instruments and makes a tasty vegetable soup for the audience. It takes the band about half an hour to make a carrot flute (长笛). Other instruments include eggplant cymbals (茄子铙钹) and pumpkin (南瓜) drums. Microphones make the vegetable sounds loud enough for the audience to hear. \"The audience has the possibility of enjoying what they just heard,\" the band said. \"We employ a real cook for the preparation of the soup so it is indeed tasty and very special.\"
1. Which of the following should be the best title of the passage? A. A Special Orchestra B. Uses of Vegetables C. A Special Meal D. Eatable Instruments 2. From this passage we can infer that ______. A. all the musical instruments are made by a cook
B. vegetables can be excellent materials for musical instruments
C. the shapes and sizes of the vegetables decide what kind of instrument they will be made into
D. the cook makes the band famous and particular 3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.Music produced by the vegetable instruments is especially sweet. B.The sound produced by the vegetable instruments is weak. C.Pumpkins can be made into very good drums. D.The band stayed in the land of Mozart for nine days.
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4. The sound technician ______.
A. helps to make sounds B. makes the instruments to be used at the concert C. operates the electrical sound equipments to make the music loud enough D. tests the quality of the musical instruments to be used by the orchestra 5. The passage intends to tell us that ______. A.vegetables can be very useful materials B.common things can be made into things of fun C.the orchestra has made a great discovery D.the band is popular with epicures (美食家) 【高考预测二】
Some of the best-known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unprecedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States. The benefit(义演), called ―America: a Tribute to Heroes,‖ was sponsored by all four major U.S television networks, ABC,CBS, FOIX and NBC. It was broadcast by three-dozen television, cable and radio networks across the country and aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world.
Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping the victims of the September 11th attacks. Actors, including tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood, told stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World trade Center and the Pentagon. Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance in show of support.
The appeals alternated with performances by such popular entertainers a Bruce Springsteen, Mariah Carey, Steve Wonder, Paul Simon and the rock band U—2. They appeared on stages in New York, Los Angeles and London, decorated with hundreds of burning candles.
Singer Billy Joel sang ― New York State of Mind‖ with a New York City
firefighter‘s hat on his piano. Sting dedicated his song ― Gragile‖ to a friend who died in the World Trade Center. Stevie Wonder condemned hatred in the name of religion before singing his song ― Love‘s in Need of Love today‖. Pledge phones were
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manned by dozens of other celebrities, including Jack Nicholson, Meg Ryan, Whoopic Goldberg, Cindy Crawford, Al Pacino and Sylvester Stallone. Organizers say the two-hour telethon raised millions of dollars. All participants, from stars to stagehands, worked without pay. 1. Those who appeared on stages were ______. A. some best-known names in the USA
B. some famous singer, film stars and other music entertainers
C. People who tried to save others from the burning World trade Center and the Pentagon.
D. Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali and Hollywood stars 2. The underlined word ― telethon‖ most probably means ______. A. a performance to raise money
B. a concert held by some television networks C. a television program which lasts a long time D. a television program for entertainment 3. Which of the following statements is True?
A. Four major U.S. television networks broadcast the benefit
B. The former heavy weight champion Muhammad Ali sang a song to show his support
C. Billy Joel, wearing a firefighter‘s hat, played the piano for the listeners and viewers
D. The organizers, stars and people who worked for the benefit didn‘t get any money for themselves.
4. The best title for the news report is ______.
A.U.S Telethon Raises Money for Attack Victims B. Best-known names Pledge Donations
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C. Seeking More Support D.A Tribute to Heroes 【参考答案及简析】 实战演练一：
1.A 综合归纳题：由全文内容可知这是一支特殊的管弦乐队，因为他们的乐器全部都是用蔬菜做成的。
2. C 归纳推断题：不同的蔬菜不同的形状，可以做成与之形状相对应的乐器。 3.C 推断题：由―Microphones make the vegetable sounds loud enough for the audience to hear.‖可知由蔬菜做成的乐器发出的声音是很微弱的。
4.C 词义猜测题：本题考查对单词的―sound technician‖的理解。由文中可知它是―录音师、调音师‖的意思。
5. B 总结归纳题：由全文得到启示，普通的东西可以制作成有趣的东西。 实战演练二：
1.B综合归纳题：由全文可知登台进行义演的人包括著名的影星、歌手还有其他音乐方面的知名人士。
2.C推断题：本题考查对―telethon‖这个单词的理解。由课文前两段可知。 3.D判断题：由全文内容可知只有最后一个选项正确。
4.A归纳题：由全文内容可知美国电视台、电台为罹难者进行募捐。
巧妙速读20法
1.标题法——反复琢磨阅读标题 2.设问法——提出问题仔细阅读 3.跳读法——无关紧要眼扫即过 4.连环法——分文长短章节连贯 5.多翻法——开阔视野启迪思路 6.楔入法——单刀直入渐渐开拓 7.逆式法——从后往前逆向而上 8.博采法——广集精华取长补短 9.立体法——一般泛读重点开掘
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10.交叉法——不按顺序随意穿插 11.泛览法——广泛阅读取其益处 12.通阅法——顺其自然边想边看 13.记忆法——背诵佳作应用佳句 14.浏览法——一目十行取其精华 15.提纲法——通阅全文静思提纲 16.标号法——手拿彩笔按类标号 17.简化法——记简删繁记主删副 18.逻辑法——边读边思找出规律 19.直观法——看文查图阅书找资 20.作迹法——眼看手动重点作迹
EnglishSalon
http://blog.sina.com.cn/gaozhongenglish
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