知识梳理：
一、海洋化学资源
海洋中蕴藏着丰富的资源，海洋需要科学合理的开发利用，为人类造福。本部分复习可从了解海洋中的物质到从海洋中提取相关物质的思路进行复习。 1、海水中的物质：（1）物质种类：水（96.5％）和可溶性盐（3.5％） （2）离子种类：Cl- 、Na+ 、SO42 -、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+ 2、海底矿物：
（1）化石燃料：煤、石油、天然气
（2）新型矿产资源：天然气水合物（可燃冰）――未来能源、21世纪能源。
点燃
甲烷燃烧的方程式：CH4+2O2===CO2+2H2O （3）多种金属矿物：多金属结核（锰结核） 3、海洋资源：
（1）分类：化学资源、矿产资源、动力资源、生物资源。
（2）保护措施：海洋环境立法、建立海洋自然保护区、加强海洋环境监测、
提高消除污染的技术水平。
二、海洋工业：通过本部分复习，进一步了解如何从海水中提取我们需要的物质。充分体现化学与社会的密切关系。
1、海水淡化：从海水中获取淡水，解决日益加剧的淡水危机 淡化的方法有（1）蒸馏法（2）结晶法 （3）膜法。（都是物理方法） 其中最常用的是多级闪急蒸馏法。
海水与淡水的鉴别：分别取样加入银溶液和稀，产生大量白色沉淀的是海水，没有沉淀（或沉淀很少）的是淡水。 2、海水制镁：
（3） 原理：将石灰乳加入海水或卤水中，沉淀出氢氧化镁，氢氧化镁再
与盐酸反应生成氯化镁，电解熔融状态的氯化镁，就能制得金属镁。
（2）生产流程：海水或卤水→氢氧化镁→氯化镁→氯化镁晶体→熔融氯化
镁→镁
（3）化学方程式：MgCl2＋Ca(OH)2＝Mg (OH)2↓＋CaCl2 Mg (OH)2＋2HCl＝MgCl2＋2H2O
通电
MgCl2 Mg＋Cl2↑
讨论并明确：从海水中提取MgCl2时，经历了“MgCl2→Mg (OH)2→MgCl2”，
的转化过程，这样做的目的是： 将MgCl2富集起来，获得比较纯净的MgCl2.
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacks
3\\海水晒盐：从海水中获取食盐，解决生产、生活中需求的大量食盐
（1）原理：蒸发海水使其中的无机盐（主要是食盐）结晶
（2）生产流程：海水→蒸发池→结晶池→粗盐和母液（又称苦卤）
原料也可采用海水淡化后的残液晒盐，更经济快捷。
4、粗盐提纯：
(1)、粗盐成分：（1）主要成分：氯化钠
（2）杂质：不溶性杂质（泥沙）
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacks 可溶性杂质（Na2SO4、MgCl2、CaCl2）
(2)、除杂方案：（1）不溶性杂质（泥沙）→过滤
（2）可溶性杂质（Na2SO4、MgCl2、CaCl2）→转化为沉
淀→过滤
A．药品选择：①Na2SO4→过量BaCl2
②MgCl2→过量NaOH
③CaCl2、多余BaCl2→过量Na2CO3 ④多余的NaOH、Na2CO3→适量盐酸
B．加入顺序：①、②、③、过滤、④、蒸发结晶； ②、①、③、过滤 ④、蒸发结晶、； 注意事项：a．Na2CO3必须在BaCl2之后加；
b．过滤之后再加盐酸。
(3)、重结晶法提纯粗盐的步骤：溶解→过滤→蒸发结晶。反复几次可提高其纯度，但这样主要是除去不溶性杂质，若彻底将不溶性和可溶性杂质依次除去，应采取：“溶解→加入相应化学试剂→过滤→加适量或过量盐酸→蒸发结晶。”的步骤。 5、海水制碱：氨碱法制纯碱
( 1 )原料：食盐、石灰石。氨气为媒介。
（2）生产流程：盐水→精盐水→氨盐水→碳酸氢钠→碳酸钠（纯碱） （3）、化学反应原理：NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O==NaHCO3+NH4Cl 2 NaHCO3==△=== Na2CO3+H20+CO2↑ 问题讨论：（1）氨盐水比食盐水更易吸收二氧化碳的原因是氨溶于水显碱性，而
二氧化碳溶于水显酸性，二者能发生反应，因此氨盐水比食盐水更易吸收二氧化碳
（2）对生成的NaHCO3和NH4Cl都能溶于水，分离的问题：从课本
中溶解度曲线图上查出在室温时氯化铵比碳酸氢铵溶解度大，因此碳酸氢铵先结晶析出。
（3）氨碱法制纯碱的优点： 原料经济易得，CO2和NH3可回收利用
连续生产。反应：2NH4Cl+ Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+H2O+NH3↑
缺点：氯化钠的利用率不高，得到的CaCl2用途不大，污染环境。 我国化学家侯德榜改进了氨碱法的不足，创立了联合制碱法。在反应得到的氯化铵溶液中加入食盐，
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacks
四、常见盐的俗名、性质及用途 学名 俗名 NaCl 氯化钠 食盐 物理性质 白色晶体，易溶，有咸味，熔沸点高 纯碱、苏白色粉末，易打 溶，水溶液显碱性 化学性质 用途 与银反 应 Na2CO3 碳酸钠 NaHCO3 碳酸氢小苏打 钠 与盐酸、氢氧 化钙、氯化钙等酸碱盐反应 白色粉末，易受热分解；与 溶，水溶液显酸反应放出ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacks弱碱性 CaCO3 碳酸钙 --------- 纯净的碳酸钙为白色粉末，难溶于水 CuSO4*5H2O 五水硫胆矾、蓝蓝色晶体，易酸铜 矾 溶于水，溶液呈蓝色，有毒 CO2 受热分解；只 与酸反应，放出CO2 受热失水；与 金属（铁）、碱（NaOH）、盐（BaCl2）等反应 五、盐的通性 1、盐的溶解性：钾、钠、铵盐均可溶，盐入水无踪影，硫酸盐不溶钡和铅，盐酸盐不溶银和汞；碳酸盐，磷酸盐除去钾、钠、铵盐其余均不溶。 2、彩色盐溶液：含铜离子的盐溶液为蓝色，；含铁离子的盐溶液为棕黄色，含有亚铁离子的溶液为浅绿色。其它离子的盐溶液为无色。 3、盐的化学性质 （1） 盐+金属→新盐+新金属
条件：金属活动性顺序中前面的金属可将其后面的金属从它们的盐溶液中置换出来。 Fe+CuSO4===Cu+FeSO4
现象：铁制品表面附着一层红色物质，溶液颜色变浅（或变为浅绿色） Cu+2AgNO3===2Ag+Cu(NO3)2
现象：铜制品表面附着一层银白色物质，溶液由无色变为蓝色。 （2） 盐+酸→新盐+新酸
条件：盐可溶也可不溶，生成物中一定有水、气体或沉淀
Na2CO3+2H2SO4==2Na2SO4+H2O+CO2↑ CaCO3+2HCl==2CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑ 现象：有气泡产生 （3） 盐+碱→新盐+新碱
条件：反应物都可溶，生成物有沉淀或气体
Na2CO3+Ca（OH）2==2NaOH+ CaCO3↓ 现象：产生白色沉淀。
2NH4Cl+ Ca（OH）2=== CaCl2+ H2O+NH3↑现象：产生刺激性气味的气体 （4） 盐+盐→新盐+新盐
条件：反应物都可溶，生成物有沉淀 Na2CO3+BaCl2==2NaCl+BaCO3↓ Na2SO4+BaCl2==2NaCl+BaSO4↓ 5、酸根离子的检验：
（1） 氯离子：溶液中加入银溶液，若产生白色沉淀，再加入稀，
沉淀不溶解，证明有氯离子。
（2） 硫酸根离子：溶液中加入钡溶液，若产生白色沉淀，再加入稀
，沉淀不溶解，证明有硫酸根离子。
（3） 碳酸根离子：溶液中加入稀盐酸，若产生使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气
体，证明有碳酸根离子。
典例分析：
例1、在下列溶液中分别放入锌片，反应一段时间后把锌片取出，溶液质量减少的是（ ）A、盐酸 B、硫酸铜溶液 C、银溶液 D、氯化亚铁溶液 [分析]：本题既定性的考查了学生对金属与盐溶液的反应，又从量的角度学生对
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacks反应的理解能力和分析能力。判断反应后溶液质量如何变化或固体质量如何变化，可从两个方面考虑：写出反应方程式，分析反应前后溶液中溶质质量的大小或分析参加反应的金属（溶解的金属）质量与反应生成的金属质量的大小。 例如在硫酸铜溶液中加入锌片，Zn+CuSO4==Cu+ZnSO4 反应前溶质CuSO4相对分子质量为160、反应后溶质ZnSO4的相对分子质量为161，因此反应后溶液质量增加。 或者看反应前溶解的锌的质量为65而反应后析出的铜的质量为，所以反应后溶液的质量增加。锌片的质量减少。 金属与酸反应，反应后溶液质量一定增加。 [答案]：C
例2、某化学兴趣小组的同学为了要测定Fe Ag Cu三种金属的活动性顺序势设计了四种方案，其中你认为不可行的是（ ）
A FeSO4溶液 Ag Cu B Fe Ag Cu SO4溶液 C AgNO3溶液 盐酸 Cu Fe D Fe SO4溶液 AgNO3溶液 Cu
[分析]：本题考查金属与酸、金属与盐溶液反应的问题。运用活动性顺序表判断。 本题的解决方法是：若是金属与盐溶液的判断，采用数轴法，将三种金属按照活动性顺序在数轴上标出，满足“两边的金属单质加中间金属的盐溶液或两边的金属单质的盐溶液加中间金属单质” 。
[答案]：A
例3、向银、铜、镁混合溶液中加入一些锌粉，充分反应后过滤，得到固体不溶物和 滤液。将固体不溶物放入盐酸中，有气体产生。以下是小明同学对固体不溶物和滤液成分的分析， 判断是否合理，并说明理由。
（1） 固体不溶物是由镁、锌、铜、银组成。 （2） 滤液中存在的金属离子是镁离子、铜离子、锌离子。 [分析]：本题考查金属与盐的反应问题，由于镁比锌活泼，不会置换出镁，又由于固体物质与酸反应放气体，说明有剩余的锌。因此固体不溶物是由锌、铜、银组成，不应有镁。 滤液中的金属离子有镁离子、锌离子，铜离子、银离子已全部被锌置换出来。 [答案]：（1）不合理 ，镁不会被置换出来。
（2）不合理，铜离子已全部被置换出来，不会有铜离子。
例4、有一包固体，可能有硫酸铜、钡、碳酸钾、硫酸钾、氯化钠中的一种或几种组成，依次进行如下实验：（1）把该固体溶于水，得白色沉淀，静置后上层溶液成无色 过滤；（2）向（1）所得沉淀种加入稀，沉淀部分溶解 ；（3）向（1）所得滤液中加入氯化钡溶液，产生白色沉淀，在加入足量稀，沉淀不溶解。以上试验可知混合物中一定有 ，一定没有 。可能有 。若要检验该物质是否存在，应如何操作 。 [分析]：本题考查的是盐的溶解性、颜色、及酸根离子的检验等知识。由（1）上层清液为无色确知不含硫酸铜，由（2）知沉淀部分溶解说明沉淀的组成中一定有溶于的碳酸钡和不溶于的硫酸钡，这说明原物质中含有钡、碳酸钾、硫酸钾。（3）说明滤液中含有过量的硫酸钾，要检验氯离子，必须先将硫酸根离子除净。所以要进一步检验氯化钠，先向（1）所得滤液中加入过量钡溶液，产生白色沉淀后过滤，再向滤液中加入银溶液，若产生白色沉淀，
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacks加沉淀不溶解，说明有氯离子，既有氯化钠。 [答案]：（1）一定有钡、碳酸钾、硫酸钾。一定没有硫酸铜，可能有氯化钠 。先向（1）所得滤液中加入过量钡溶液，产生白色沉淀后过滤，再向滤液中加入银溶液，若产生白色沉淀，加沉淀不溶解，说明有氯化钠。若无沉淀则无氯化钠。
[例题5]粗盐中含有钙离子、硫酸根离子和泥沙等杂质，实验室中粗盐提纯的操
作步骤如下：
（1） 将粗盐研细，加水使其充分溶解，然后过滤得到滤液。粗盐研细的目的是 ，过滤是为了除去 。 （2）向上述滤液中加入过量的氯化钡溶液，直至沉淀不再产生，则加入过量的氯化钡溶液的目的是 。
（3）继续加入过量的 溶液，直至沉淀不再产生，然后过滤，得到滤液和沉淀，沉淀的成分是 （填化学式）。
（4）向（3）的滤液中加入过量 溶液，目的是 。 （5）将上述溶液蒸发结晶，得到精盐。蒸发时玻璃棒要不断搅拌，直到 时停止加热。
[分析]：本题是运用酸碱盐之间的反应除杂质。（1）是运用过滤法除去不溶性杂质；（2）是加入过量氯化钡溶液将硫酸根离子转化成沉淀除去；（3）加过量碳酸钠溶液将钙离子和过量的钡离子转化成碳酸钙和碳酸钡沉淀除去； （4）加过量的稀盐酸除过量的碳酸钠，最后蒸发得到食盐晶体。 [答案]：（1）加速粗盐溶解 不溶的泥沙 （2）完全除去硫酸根离子 （3）Na2CO3 BaCO3、CaCO3
（4）稀盐酸 除去过量的碳酸钠 （5）出现较多固体
分层达标练习题
一、选择题(每题2分，共50分) 1、下列说法正确的是（ ）
A、盐都能食用，故称为食盐 B、盐就是食盐，易溶于水 C、盐都有咸味，都是白色固体 D、盐是一类物质的总称 2、下列各组物质的名称、俗称、化学式表示同一种物质的是（ ） A、氢氧化钠、纯碱、NaOH B、氯化钠、食盐、NaCl C、碳酸钙、生石灰、Ca(OH)2 D、氧化铁、铁锈、FeO
3、下表为家庭中一些常见物质的pH，蚊子、蜂、蚂蚁等昆虫咬人时，会向人体射入一种叫蚁酸（具有酸的性质）的物质，使皮肤红肿、痛痒，甚至疼痛。要消除这种症状，问在叮咬处涂抹下列物质中（ ） 物质 食醋 牙膏 食盐肥皂火碱液 水 水 pH 3 9 7 10 13 A、牙膏或肥皂水 B、食盐水 C、火碱液 D、食醋 4、能把石灰水和烧碱溶液区分开来的物质是( )
A、石蕊试液 B、二氧化碳 C、碳酸钠溶液 D、氯化铜溶液 5、下列物质不属于盐的是（ ）
A、调味用的食盐 B、蒸馒头用的小苏打 C、食用的蔗糖 D、消毒用的高锰酸钾 6、下列各项不是纯碱的用途的是（ ）
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacksA、去除油污 B、生产玻璃 C、医用消毒 D、硬水软化 7、下列试剂中，能将Na2CO3、NaCl、BaCl2三种物质的溶液一次鉴别出来的事（ ） A、盐酸 B、稀硫酸 C、石蕊试液 D、澄清石灰水 8、下列操作方法不能用来淡化海水的是（ ）
A.加热蒸发 B.用自制过滤器过滤 C.使海水结冰脱盐 D.多级闪急蒸馏 9、胃溃疡严重的病人胃酸过多，可内服含有能跟盐酸起反映的物质成分的胃药，以减少胃中盐酸的含量而不造成胃穿孔。下列物质中，最适宜作为胃药成分的是（ ）
A、碳酸铜 B、氢氧化钙 C、氢氧化铝 D、碳酸氢钠 10、粗盐中常含有少量MgCl2，工业上常把粗盐晶体粉碎后用饱和食盐水来浸洗，再滤出食盐。一下对于工业上的这种做法的有关说法正确的是（ ） A、浸洗粗食盐前后，食盐水中氯化钠的质量不变 B、浸洗前后，被浸洗的食盐中MgCl2的含量不会改变 C、浸洗用的饱和食盐水可以无限次的使用下去
D、粗盐粉碎颗粒的大小不影响浸洗前后食盐中MgCl2的含量
11、将下列各组物质分别放入水中，可能得到无色透明溶液的一组是（ ） A、K2SO4、HNO3、BaCl2 B、BaCl2、Na2CO3、HCl（过量） C、CaCl2、KOH、Na2CO3 D、CuSO4、FeCl3、NaOH
12.工业上采用氨碱法生产纯碱的原理是：NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O=NaHCO3+NH4Cl，先向饱和食盐水中通入较多NH3（溶液显碱性），再通入足量的CO2的原因是（ ） A、使CO2更易被吸收 B.NH3比CO2更易制取 C.CO2的密度比NH3大 D.为了增大NaHCO3的溶解度 13. 现有下列方法：（1）升高温度；（2）降低温度（3）增加熟石灰（4）减少熟石灰（5）增加溶剂（6）蒸发溶剂。能用来将熟石灰的不饱和溶液转化为不饱和溶液的方法是（ ） A、（1）（3）（6） B、（2）（3）（6） C、（1）（3）（5） D、（2）（4）（6）
14、欲除去氯化钙中含有的少量的盐酸，在不用指示剂的情况下，应加入的试剂是（ ）
A.石灰石粉末 B生石灰 C.石灰水 D碳酸钠溶液 15、下列适量物质溶于水后，可以造成溶液温度显著下降的是（ ）
A、铵 B、蔗糖 C、氯化钠 D、浓硫酸
16、通常情况下欲将一杯不饱和食盐水变成饱和食盐水，最适宜的方法是（ ） A往食盐水中加食盐 B往食盐水中加水 C 往食盐水中加入饱和食盐水 D 把食盐水放入冰箱中
17、一杯10 ℃的钾溶液，能证明它是饱和溶液的方法是（ ） A.蒸发5g水有固体溶质析出 B.加入少许钾晶体不溶 C.把溶液降温至0°C有固体溶质析出 D.上述三种方法都行 18、在PH=0的溶液中，下列离子能大量共存的是（ ） A、K+ 、NO3- CO32- Na+ B、Fe3+ SO42- Na+ OH- C、Ba2+ Cl- k+ SO42- D、Cu2+ Fe3+ NO3- Ba2+
19、要除去银粉中的少量铜粉，可以加入下列试剂中的（ ）
A 、汞溶液 B、银溶液 C、硫酸锌溶液 D、稀硫酸
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacks20、目前从海水中提取食盐的方法主要是利用海水晒盐，它所利用的物质分离方法是（ ）
A 溶解法 B 过滤法 C 结晶法 D 蒸馏法
21、滴有酚酞的氢氧化钙溶液与下列物质恰好完全反应仍显红色的是（ ） A、稀硫酸 B、氯化铜溶液 C、碳酸钾溶液 D、二氧化碳 22.两种溶液混合后能发生化学反应，且总质量不会发生变化的是（ ） A.食盐溶液和稀盐酸 B.碳酸钠溶液和稀盐酸 C.氢氧化钾溶液和硫酸溶液 D.石灰水和氢氧化钠溶液 23.在一定条件下，下列转化不能一步实现的是( ) A.CO2→CaCO3 B.HCl→NaCl C.Fe→FeSO4 D.Fe→Fe2(SO4)3
24、利用下列各组物质间的反应，能够验锌、铜、银三种金属活动性顺序的是( )
A、Zn CuCl2溶液 Ag B、ZnCl2溶液 CuCl2溶液 Ag C、ZnCl2溶液 Cu Ag D、 AgNO3溶液 CuCl2溶液 Zn
25、分离氯化钠、氯化铜、碳酸钡的混合物，在不引入新杂质的条件下，可以依次加入的一组试剂是 （ ） A、水、盐酸、氢氧化钡 B、水、氢氧化钠、盐酸 C、水、硫酸、氢氧化钙 D、水、氢氧化钡、盐酸
26、下列关于四种基本反应类型的叙述中，正确的是 （ ） A、有单质生成的反应一定是置换反应 B、有氧气参加的反应都是化合反应 C、凡是有盐和水生成的反应都属于中和反应 D、复分解反应一定没有单质参加
27、下列各组物质的稀溶液，不用其它试剂无法进行区别的是 （ ） A、硫酸铜 、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡、 B、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、氯化钙、盐酸
C、氯化钠、氢氧化钙、氯化钙、碳酸钠 D、硫酸钠、氯化镁、、氢氧化钡
28、某课外兴趣小组的同学绘制四种实验操作的变化趋势图象，其中正确的是
A、某温度下，向一定量接近饱和的钾溶液中不断加入钾晶体 B、向硫酸和硫酸铜的混合溶液中加入过量的氢氧化钠溶液 C、向稀盐酸中滴加过量的氢氧化钠溶液
D、向等质量的金属镁和铝中分别假如足量且质量分数相等的稀硫酸 29、粗盐中常含有CaCl2、、Na2SO4等杂质，需加入NaOH溶液、Na2CO3溶液、BaCl2
溶液和盐酸进行提纯，若各步所加试剂均过量并过滤分离出沉淀，然后蒸发最终得到的溶液，可制得精盐。下列所设计的四种溶液中加入顺序中，不能
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacks达到目的的是（ ）
A、Na2CO3、BaCl2、NaOH、HCl B、BaCl2、Na2CO3、NaOH、HCl C、NaOH、BaCl2、Na2CO3、HCl D、BaCl2、NaOH、Na2CO3、HCl 30、某金属加工厂生产过程中的废液中含有少量的银和铜，为回收利用资源和防止污染，该工厂向废液中加入一定量的铁粉，反应停止后过滤，向滤出的固体中加入少量稀盐酸，无气体产生。则下列有关说法中，正确的是（ ）
A、滤出的固体中一定含有银和铜，一定不含铁。 B、滤出的固体中一定含有银，可能含铁和铜。 C、滤液中一定有亚铁，可能有银和铜 D、滤液中一定有亚铁，一定没有银和铜
二、填空题（每空1分，共34分）
1 、海水中含量最多的物质是____________，含量最多的元素是________。 2、从以下物质中，选择适当的物质填空（填序号）
①锰结核 ②高锰酸钾 ③纯碱 ④熟石灰 ⑤浓盐酸 ⑥可燃冰 ⑦硫酸钡
挥发性的酸 ；中和硫酸厂污水中过量的硫酸 ；可做消毒用的盐 ；蕴藏在海底的金属矿物 ；可用作糕点发酵剂的盐 ；“钡餐透视”时服用的试剂 ；被科学家誉为“未来能源”的矿物燃料 。 3．已知可溶性钡盐有毒，钡餐透视检查胃部疾病时，让病人口服硫酸钡，但误服碳酸钡就会中毒，其中毒原因是_____________________________。误服碳酸钡可立即服用泻盐硫酸镁解毒，其原因是_____________________________。(都用化学方程式表示)
4、置于空气中的氢氧化钠变质，生成碳酸钠，其检验方法是取样品少量置于试管中，，加入____________可证明NaOH已变质。用化学方程式表示变质原因和检验原理________________________，________________________，若除去已变质的Na2CO3，应进行下列操作：先溶解，再加入适量的_________试剂，过滤、蒸发，起反应的化学方程式是__________________________________。
5、学习化学可以帮助我们解决许多生活中的问题，请你来解决厨房中的以下问题：
（1） 若要除去热水瓶中的水垢，可选用厨房中的_______________
（2） 若要区分食盐和纯碱，请选用两种简便、可行的方法；方法一________-______________________方法二_______________________-_________________
6、业上采用氨碱法制纯碱的反应原理（用化学方程式表示）——————————、—————————————
7、一个地处海边的化工厂按如下步骤进行生产：①以煤为原料煅烧石灰石；②用加压降温的方法使产生的二氧化碳变成干冰③使得到的生石灰与水反应④把海水引入水池中，加入熟石灰与海水中的氯化镁发生反应；⑤用盐酸溶解氢氧化镁，再将所得溶液浓缩，得到一种晶体，(6)晶体通电得到一种金属。 根据以上资料判断：
a) 该厂生产过程中，第_____步会造成大气污染。 b) 该厂的生产原料是_______________________ c) 该厂的最终产品是_______________________
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 49, 19008. \"Five waters rule\": the County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \"Three modified a split\" aspects: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \"three modified\" area 4.846 million square meters, completed City issued annua task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Governmentwas named city level \"three modified a split\" work advanced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, the new period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \"no filth, dirty environment illegal buildings, into a well-off\"; municipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal, my County \"San Nong\" and environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \"low\" pattern. \"Low\" is reflected in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \"Small\" is reflected in smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \"San\" is reflected in production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \"dirty\" phase. \"Dirty\" is dirty of rural sanitation situation has not changed. \"Chaos\" is a village in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \"four no\" phenomenon, heap lying there. \"Bad\" is the weak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \"persistent\" look. \"Old\" is aging, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \"Big\" is that the reform measures ground resistance, such as the transactions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \"Hard\" is a \"peasants, peasants. Four water effects still lacksd) 写出①、④、⑤ （6）步反应的化学方程式
_________________________________________________-_______________________________________________________________。 8、据图中几种物质的溶解度曲线，回答下列问题：
(1)t2℃时，A、B、C三种物质的溶解度曲线由大到小的顺序是 。
（2）将t2℃时的等质量三种物质的饱和溶液分别降到0℃时，析出溶质最多的是 ，无溶质析出的是 。
（3）图中P点表示的A溶液是 （饱和、不饱和）溶液。
N点表示的含义是 （4）当A中含有少量B时，为了得到纯净的A，可采用 的方法。 （5）若将t2℃三种物质的饱和溶液分别降到t1℃时，则三种溶液中溶质的质量分数由大到小的顺序是 。 三、实验题（每空1分，共8分）
1、小刚在化学实验室发现，盛放NaOH溶液的试剂瓶瓶口和橡皮塞上出现了白色粉末。小刚叫来小军和小红，共同探究这种白色粉末的成分。
他们依据所学的化学知识，对这种白色粉末的成分作了如下猜想：① 可能是NaOH； ② 可能是Na2CO3； ③ 可能是NaOH与Na2CO3的混合物。 为了验证猜想，他们分别做了下面的实验。
（1）小刚取少量白色粉末，滴加稀盐酸，有气体生成。由此小刚认为白色粉末是Na2CO3。
请判断小刚所得结论是否正确 ，理由是 （2）小军取少量白色粉末溶于水，向所得溶液中滴加酚酞试液，溶液变为红色。
由此小军认为白色粉末是NaOH。请判断小军所得结论是否正确 ，理由是
（3）小红取少量白色粉末溶于水，向所得溶液中滴加BaCl2试液，有白色沉淀
产生。由此判断白色粉末中含有________。为了验证猜想③，小红继续向溶液中滴加BaCl2试液至不再产生沉淀，然后过滤。你认为她接下来还应进行的实验是_______________________；在小红所做的实验中，若把BaCl2
溶液换成Ba（OH）2溶液是否可行 ，请简述理由 2、有一包白色粉末可能由碳酸钡、碳酸钠、硫酸钠、硫酸铜和氯化钡中的一种或几种组成。为了确定它的组成，某化学小组进行了如下探究活动：（1） 取少量白色粉末加足量水溶解后过滤，得到白色沉淀和无色滤液。
（2）取少量（1）中得到的白色沉淀，加入足量稀，部分沉淀溶解，并有无色气体产生。由此得出的结论是：原白色粉末中一定没有 （化学式）
（2）步骤（1）得到的沉淀是 （化学式）
（3）白色粉末的组成可能是 、 、 。
ompelling.\" Although the \"five water treatment\" a lot, work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \"three to split\" task still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \"three agriculture\" and \"five water treatment\Board, construction of comprehensive safeguards, \"South Gate of XX beautiful\" goal of realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \"three agricultural\" work protracted \"three agricultural\" work is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \"based agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\" of requirements, insisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \"three agricultural\" work new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \"rice bag\" catch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \"red line.\" Accelerating the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \"steady increase of grain\" and maintain \"tongue.\" Second, industry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \"the Internet + agricultural\" model to improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel
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