宾语从句

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初三宾语从句康文岗学科英语一、学习目标： 1. 掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词； 2. 掌握宾语从句的语序──主句+连接词+主语+谓语； 3. 掌握宾语从句的主句与从句在时态上的呼应。二、重点、难点： 1. 宾语从句的语序和时态呼应 2. 宾语从句与疑问词+不定式的转换三、考情分析： 1. 考查范围：宾语从句的连接词、语序和时态。 2. 考查的主要形式是单项选择、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达中肯定也会用到宾语从句。四、知能提升：（一）知识讲解学习宾语从句并不难，只要你能过好下面的三道关： <一> 以that引导的宾语从句 that引导的通常是由陈述句充当的宾语从句，这里的that只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句，其主句的谓语动词主要是think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear等。 He knew（that）he should work hard. 他知道他应该努力工作。 I hope (that) you will have a good time. 我希望你玩得愉快。 2. 由that引导的宾语从句，其主句的谓语动词也可以是系动词be加afraid, sorry, sure, glad, worried, happy, angry等形容词。 I am glad (that) you’ve passed the exam.我很高兴你通过了考试。 I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了错误。 <二> 由whether或if引导的宾语从句把一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，由whether或if引导，表示不肯定或疑问，意为“是否”“是不是”“能否”等，if和whether一般可以互换。句末的标点符号取决于主句。

Tom didn’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

汤姆不知道他的爷爷是否喜欢这个礼物。

Could you please tell me if/whether there are any good museums around here? 请告诉我附近是否有好的博物馆？小提示：

以下几种情况只能用whether： 1. 从句中有or not出现时。

I don’t know whether or not she can arrive on time. 我不知道她是否会准时到达。 2. 宾语从句放在句首时。

Whether he will succeed, we can’t say. 他是否能成功，我们说不准。 3. 在介词的后面。 I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. 我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。 <三> 以wh-特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，要用wh-特殊疑问词来引导，意义即为特殊疑问词本身的含义。（连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how） Tell me what you want. 告诉我你想要什么。 Can you tell me whom (who) he is waiting for？你可以告诉我他正在等谁吗？ I wonder where he got so much money. 对于他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。 He didn’t tell me why he went there. 他没有告诉我他为什么要去那儿。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。尤其要注意whether, if和wh-特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序。 She wants to know whether I like the film. 她想知道我是否喜欢那部电影。 He asked me where I lived. 他问我住在哪儿。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常受主句中谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。 1. 当主句为一般现在式，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的，可用所需的任何时态。 2. 当主句为一般过去式，宾语从句的时态受主句时态的，一般只能用表示过去的某种时态，即：一般现在时～一般过去时一般过去时～过去完成时现在进行时～过去进行时一般将来时～过去将来时现在完成时～过去完成时 1) She said, “We hope so.” →She said（that）they hoped so. 2) Jan said, “He will go to see his friend.” →Jan said he would go to see his friend. 3) She said, “I told her the news yesterday.” →She said she had told her the news the day before.

3. 宾语从句说明的是客观真理或客观事实时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的，即时态不变。

Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound. 我们老师说光比声音传播得快。

The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转，月球绕着地球转。

要掌握好宾语从句，还要注意对以下知识的学习： I、宾语从句的否定：当动词think, believe, suppose, expect后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句，且主句的主语是第一人称时，其否定通常转移到主句上。 I don’t think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间。 I don’t believe that it is true. 我相信那不是真的。 Ⅱ、宾语从句的反意疑问句含宾语从句的反意疑问句有两种形式： 1）反意部分和主句中的谓语动词呼应：He says that he is wrong, doesn’t he? 2）如果主句的主语是第一人称单数I且谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等，反意疑问句一般和宾语从句中的谓语呼应。 I think he is right, isn’t he? I don’t believe that he will come, will he? Ⅲ、宾语从句的简化 1. 当主句中的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, forget, plan, agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my English. →She agreed to help me with my English. 她同意帮助我学习英语。 2. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句中的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 She doesn’t know what she should do next. →She doesn’t know what to do next. 她不知道接下来该怎么办。 3. 当主句中的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach等，且宾语从句的主语和句子的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 Will you please show me how I can work it out? →Will you please show me how to work it out? 你能告诉我怎样把它解出来吗？ Ⅳ、两副面孔 1. if有两个意思，作“是否”讲时，引导宾语从句，从句的时态由事实决定；作“假如，如果”讲时，引导条件状语从句，此时若主句为将来时或祈使句，从句用一般现在时。 We don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. 我们不知道明天是否会下雨。 If it rains, we won’t have the sports meeting. 如果下雨，我们就不开运动会了。

2. when 引导的时间状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；when引导其他时态的时间状语从句时，从句时态应与主句时态保持一致。when 引导的宾语从句，首先要保证从句的陈述语序，然后再根据主句的时态确定从句的时态。

I don’t know when my father will come back, but I’ll tell you when he comes back. 宾语从句和状语从句的判断方法： ①从整个句式看。状语从句一般可放在主句的前面或后面，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语

动词之后。 ②从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词意为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词意为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当„„的时候”。 ③从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句中谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。 Ⅴ、直接引语与间接引语直接引语就是一字不改地引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分必须放在引号中。间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分不必加引号，一般用宾语从句表达。直接引语在转换为间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化。要注意以下变化： 1. 若引述动词用的是say to sb.（对某人说）这样的句型，则通常改为tell sb. sth结构。 “I don’t like computers,” Lucy said to her friends. →Lucy told her friends that she didn’t like computers. 2. 直接引语如果是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，变为间接引语，主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me, him 或us等）。 He said, “Are you interested in English?” →He asked (me) if I was interested in English. 3. 转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式的前面加上tell, ask, order等动词，其结构是：tell/ ask/ order sb. to do sth.。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式的前面加not。 “Don’t make any noise.” she said to the children. →She told the children not to make any noise. ［即学即练］ 1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ? A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it 2. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder . A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost 3. You are growing so fast. Can you tell me now? A. how fast are you B. how fast you are C. how tall are you D. how tall you are 4. I didn’t understand , so I raised my hand to ask. A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say 5. —Do you know the Capital Museum? —Next Friday. A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited 6. He wanted to know the English party. A. when will we have B. when we will have

C. when would we have D. when we would have 7. I want to know . A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport

C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at 8. —Did Mrs King leave a message?

—Yes. She wanted to know this Sunday.

A. who you would go shopping B. if you would go shopping with me C. that you will go shopping D. when will you go shopping with her 9. —Do you know about Wuhu? —The people and the food. A. how Jack likes B. what Jack likes C. how does Jack like D. what does Jack like 10. —I’m a teenager’s mother. Sometimes I don’t know . —Love and understanding. A. what my son needs most B. what does my son want to get C. why my son gets annoyed very often 下面的记忆口诀可帮助同学们更好地掌握宾语从句，同时进行一些与宾语从句有关的专项训练是有益的也是必要的。学习宾从三注意，连词时态和语序。 that连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。三个注意需记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。模拟练习：（答题时间：45分钟）一、单项选择 1. No one can be sure in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. what man looked like D. what man looks like ﹡2. —Could you please tell me ? —I live in Yan’an. A. where do you live C. where you live

B. where were you born D. where you were born

3. Did you know ?

A. when would Mr Wang come B. if he bought a camera yesterday C. where he lives D. how much did the bike cost 4. —When are the Blacks leaving for New York? —Pardon?

—I asked .

A. when are the Blacks leaving for New York

B. when the Blacks are leaving for New York C. when were the Blacks leaving for New York D. when the Blacks were leaving for New York 5. Alice has gone to the classroom and she didn’t say . A. when did she come back B. when should she be back C. when she came back D. when she would be back ﹡6. —What did your father ask you? —He asked me . A. whom I was chatting with B. where I am with my friends C. when would I go home D. if I have finished my homework ﹡7. You can’t imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited ﹡8. —Be careful! You might fall into the water. —Thank you. I I so close to the pool. A. didn’t know, am standing B. don’t know, am standing C. didn’t know, was standing D. didn’t know, would stand 9. My father told me light much faster than sound. A. is traveling B. will travel C. traveled D. travels 10. What we have heard is different from . A. we seen B. what we seen C. what we have seen D. we have seen ﹡11. Do you know what with Jim? A. is wrong B. wrong is C. wrong was D. the matter is 12. Can you describe ? A. what your friend is like B. how your friend is like C. what does your friend look like D. how is your friend like ﹡13. Miss Gao hasn’t decided this summer. A. whether she’ll go on a trip B. when will she go on a trip C. if she goes on a trip D. when does she go on a trip 14. Mike wanted to know .

A. whose MP5 it is B. how much did the MP5 cost

C. if the MP5 was made in Japan D. where his father will buy him the MP5 15. —Could you tell me ? —About three days.

A. when will the sports meeting start B. where the sports meeting will hold

C. how long the sports meeting will last D. if the sports meeting will begin

16. Miss Green didn’t tell us in 2002. A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 17. —What did the teacher say just now? —He said that the earth round the sun. A. go B. goes C. going D. will go

﹡18. They wondered if their teacher them another story the next week. A. would tell B. had told C. will tell D. told 19. Could you tell me yesterday? A. what they do B. what they did C. what do they do D. what did they do 20. —Do you know I could pass the exam? —Sorry, I’ve no idea. A. that B. whether C. what D. which ﹡21. —Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow. —Yes. But if it , we’ll visit the museum instead. A. you have, will rain B. you will have, will rain C. you will have, rains D. will you have, rains 22. What did Mike say? He said . A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 23. Let me tell you . A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 24. I can’t understand the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left 25. I don’t know up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got 二、用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. We are sure that he (go) to school tomorrow. 2. Do you know who (be) the first man to walk on the moon? 3. Could you tell me where the post office (be)? 4. Our father said that he (will) buy a new computer. 5. I hear that he (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father (work). 7. He said that he (finish) his work already.

8. They thought they could (hike) to the top of the mountain. 9. He was glad that so many people (help) him. 10. She doesn’t know whether (go) or wait.

三、句型转换。

1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom’s mother asked him. （同义句转换） Tom’s mother asked him to try it. 2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句）

I this a good idea.

3. Lucy hasn’t decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasn’t decided buy. 4. I don’t know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I don’t know to the hospital. 5. I don’t suppose they will come, ? （改为反意疑问句）四、将下面的句子连接成含宾语从句的复合句。 1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said these flowers from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me light faster than sound. 3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know there a meeting in five days. 4. Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know French. 5. Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me the children games. 6. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang homework yet. 7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows in the picture? 8. Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know her car? 9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered often about. 10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’ t know at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I don’t know. I don’t know he still in that street. 12. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what . 13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me . 14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys they fried chicken. 15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don’t know. I don’t know the watch made in Shanghai.

一、1-5 ACBDD 6-10 ABCDC 11-15 AAACC 16-20 DBABB 21-25 CDDAD 解析：

2. 句意为“你能告诉我你住在哪儿吗”“我住在延安”。由宾语从句中用陈述语序，排除A、B，根据答语确定选C。

6. 句意为“你爸爸问你什么？”“他问我刚才正在和谁聊天”。考查ask引导的宾语从句，ask为过去时，排除B、C、D，故选A。

7. 句意为“你很难想象，当他们收到这些美妙的圣诞礼物时，他们是多么兴奋”。宾语从句为感叹句，故选B。

8. 根据句意可知当时的“我”不知道，现在的“我”发现了，故用I didn’t know；站在水池旁边是过去某一刻正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时。 11. 句意为“你知道Jim发生什么事了吗”，宾语从句用陈述句语序。

13. 宾语从句用陈述语序，可排除B、D选项；主句是现在时，从句要根据句子的需要选择时态，由时间状语this summer可知从句应用一般将来时，故选A项。

18. 宾语从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，宾语从句用过去将来时。

21. 第一个空前的if引导的是宾语从句，意为“是否”，主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句根据句意应用一般将来时；第二个空前的if引导的是条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。

二、1. will go 2. was 3. is

三、1. if/whether he wanted 4. how to get

四、1. that, were

4. would

5. swam 10. to go

6. works 7. had finished 8. hike 9. helped

2. don’t think, is 5. will they

3. which trousers she can

2. that, travels 3. that, would be 4. if/whether they can speak 6. if/whether he had finished his 8. where she parked 9. what he, talked 11. if/whether, lives 12. his name was 14. if/whether, wanted 15. if/whether, was

5. if/whether, are playing

7. how many people you can see 10. who knocked 13. when the train arrives

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