非谓语动词
过去分词的逻辑主语
A •动词的-ed形式在句中作状语和表语时，它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的主语， 式和主语之间是被动关系。
Locked up, he had no way to escape.他被锁了起来，没有办法逃跑了。
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，几乎撞至 U了前面的 汽车。
She became discouraged at the n ews.听至 U这个消息，她泄气了。
Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 尽管已经是上午 店的门仍然锁着。
B •当动词的-ed形式在句中作定语时，它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间 是被动关系。 The first textbooks writte n for teachi ng En glish as a foreig n Ian guage came out in the 16th century.第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是 办的计算机中心深受这所学校的学生喜爱。
A lighted can dle lit up the cellar. 一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室。
C •当动词的-ed形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾 语，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.薇薇恩把手指卡在自行车链条里了。 （trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语 fin gers）
The valuable vase was found stolen.那个珍贵的花瓶发现被盗了。 子的主语vase）
We got home only to find the whole house tur ned upside dow n. Thieves obviously had broke n in.我们回到家发现整幢房子被翻得乱七八糟 Everything done, we went home. （ stolen的逻辑主语是句
16世纪出版的。
The computer cen ter, ope ned last year, is very popular among the stude nts in this school. 去年 开
10 点了，商
-ed形
，很明显小偷闯进来了。
”）。
D •动词的-ed形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语，常用作状语（独立主格结构
一切事情都做完了，我们就回家了。
All our mo ney run out, He nry had to find ano ther job. 钱都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工 作。He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.他躺在草地上，头枕着双手。 All thi ngs con sidered. the pla nned trip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况，原来计 划好的旅行不得不取消。 E.动词的-ed形式作独立成分。
动词的-ed形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分，不受逻辑主语的限制。
Given the gen eral state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operati on.
考虑到他一般的身体状况，手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。
1. ____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see
B. See n
C. Seeing
D. See
2. All things ____ , the pla nned trip will have to be called off. A. be con sidered B. con sideri ng
C. havi ng con sidered D. con sidered
3. ____ the big sn ake, the little girl stood un der the tree _____ out of her life.
D. so far as
A. Saw; frighte ned B. Seen; frighte ned
C. To see; frighte ning D. Seeing; frighte ned
4. Gen erally speak ing, ____ accord ing to the direct ions, the drug has no side effect. A. When tak ing B. whe n take n C. whe n to take D. whe n to be take n
5. The research is so desig ned that once _____ no thi ng can be done to cha nge it. A. beg ins B. begu n
C. begi nning
D. hav ing begu n
6. ____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous uni versities in the Un ited Stated. A. being foun ded B. Foun ded C. It was foun ded D. Founding
7. If you go to Xi
' an, you will find the palaces there moreicmag nhan commonly
_____ . A. supposed B. supposing C. to suppose D. suppose
8. ____ more atte nti on, the tree could have grow n better. A. Give n B. To give
C. Givi ng
D. Havi ng give n
9. In order not to be disturbed, I spe nt three hours ___ in my study. A. lock ing
B. to lock C. locked D. being locked
10. ___ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. When compared B. Compare C. While compari ng D. Compari ng
11. Mrs. Bush stood _____ for a mome nt whe n an old soldier sudde nly appeared before her. A. surprised B. surpris ing
C. being surprised D. to be surprised
12. ___ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frighte ned as to cry. A. Leavi ng B. Left C. To be left D. Havi ng left
13. ___ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately. A. Bei ng determ ined B. On havi ng determ ined C. Determ ined
D. To be determ ined
14. _____ in a frie ndly way, their quarrel came to an end. A. Bei ng settled
B. Havi ng settled C. Settled
D. Settli ng
15. He must be an gry, for we heard the glass __ on the floor. A, being broke n
B. break C. to be break D. broke n
16. You can fly to the UK this morning ____ you don ' t mies dnantgigg plan
Kong.
A. because
B. provided
C. uni ess
17.
in this way, the situati on does n
t seem so disappo in ti ng.
A. To look B. Look ing at C. Looked at D. To be looked at
18. _____ in a recent scie nee competiti on, the three stude nts were awarded scholarship
totali ng 21,000 dollars.
A. To be judged the best
B. Judged by the best D. Judgi ng the best
C. Having judged the best
19. A cool rain was falli ng, ____ with snow. A. mixed B. mixi ng C. to mix 2012-2013非谓语高考题
D. havi ng mixed
1. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new stu den ts.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
2. _____________________________________________________________ John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _________________ him it. A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered
3. We vdiad a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final succes s.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
4. I remembered _______ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locki ng B. to lock C. hav ing locked D. to have locked
5. We rdiaving a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will be the future of our compa ny.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. hav ing bee n made 6. ____ to work overtime that eve ning, I missed a won derful film. A. Having bee n asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked
7. This mach ine is very easy _____ . An ybody can lear n to use it in a few minu tes. A. operat ing B. to be operati ng C. operated D. to operate
8. I looked up and no ticed a sn ake ____ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wi nd B. wi nd C. wi nding D. wound
9. Before driv ing into the city, you are required to get your car ___ . A. washed B. wash C. wash ing D. to wash 10. _______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to ope n to buy a New iPad . A. Sta nding B. To sta nd C. Stood D. Sta nd
11.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _____ an eve n greater challe n ge.
A. meets B. meeti ng C. meet D. to meet 12. _________ an importa nt decisi on more on emoti on tha n on reas on, you will regr et it sooner or later.
A. Saw; frighte ned B. Seen; frighte ned
A. Based B. Bas ing C. Base D. To base
13. When ________ for his views about his teach ing job, Philip said he found it very in terest ing and reward ing. A. ask ing B. asked C. hav ing asked D. to be asked 14. One lear ns a Ian guage by making mistakes and ___ them. A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correct ing
15. Pressed from his pare nts, and _____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determ ined to stop playi ng video games.
A. realizi ng B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
16. “It such a nice place, ” Mother said as she sat at the table ___________ for customers. A. to be reserved B. Livi ng reserved C. reserv ing D. reserved 17. Tony lent me the money, ______ that ' do as much for him. A. hop ing B. to hope C. hoped D. hav ing hoped
18. George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telli ng C. bei ng told D. told 19. He got up late and hurried to his office, _________ the breakfast un touched. A. left B. to leave C. leavi ng D. hav ing left
20. Film has a much shorter history, especially whe n ________ such art forms as music and pain ti ng. A. hav ing compared to B. compari ng to C. compare to D. compared to 21. The party will be held in the garde n, weather ______ . A. permitti ng B. to permit C. permitted D. permit
22. After completi ng and sig ning it, please return the form to us irthe en velope ____
A. providi ng A. Use
B. provided C. hav ing provided D. provide B. Using
C. Used
D. To use
23. _____ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
24. Before you quit your job, _____ how your family would feel about your decisi on. A. con sider B. con sideri ng C. to con sider D. con sidered
25. __ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children 'love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Foun ded D. Having foun ded 26. Volun teeri ng gives you a cha nee _ lives, in cludi ng your own. A. cha nge
B. cha nging
C. cha nged
D. to cha nge
27. __ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Fou nd
28. Whe n we saw the road __ with snow, we decided to spe nd the holiday at home. A. block
B. to block
C. block ing
D. blocked
29. _____ basic first-aid tech niq ues will help you resp ond quickly to emerge ncies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 30. Anyone, once ___ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatme nt from our gover nment.
A. to be tested B. being tested
C. tested
D. to test
31. The sun bega n to rise in the sky, _______ the mountain in golde n light. A. bathed B. bathi ng C. to have bathed D. have bathed 32. You cannot accept an opinion ______ to you uni ess it is based on facts. A. offeri ng so I could refill it. A. Stayi ng
B. Stayed
C. To stay
D. Stay
34. Lionel Messithe ____ record for the most goals in a cale ndar year, is con sidered the most tale nted football player in Europe. A. set look. A. reduci ng A. asked A. caught A. sta nding A. take
A. Hav ing eate n A. questi oned A. Not knowing A. being completed
B. reduced B. to ask B. to have caught B. to sta nd B. taki ng
B. To eat
C. being reduced C. ask ing
C. to catch
C. sta nds C. to take C. Eat
D. hav ing reduced D. hav ing asked D. hav ing caught
D. stood D. take n D. Eati ng
D. hav ing questi oned
36. If ____ to look after luggage for some one else, inform the police at once. 37.I got to the office earlier that day, ____ the 7:30 train from Paddi ngton. 38. The room is empty except for a bookshelf ____ in one corner. 39. I stopped the car ___ a short break as I was feeli ng tired.
40. ______ at the cafeteria before, Ti na did n'twa nt to eat there agai n.
41. The wit nesses __ by the police just now gave very differe nt descripti ons of the fight.
B. being questi oned C. to be questi oned
B. Knowing not
B. to be completed
42. ______ which uni versity to atte nd, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
C. Not known D. Kn ow n not
43. The airport _____ n ext year will help promote tourism in this area.. C. completed D. hav ing bee n completed
44 In some Ian guages 100 words make up half of all words ___ in daily con versati ons. A. using A. leave A. not to do A. throwi ng A. Heari ng the talk flow ing. A realiz ing on. A not treated
B copy ing
C offeri ng
B not being treated
D misun dersta nding
50. There are some health problems that, when _____ in time, can become bigger ones later
B. left B. not to B. being throw n B. Hear
B. to use
C. leav ing
C. hav ing used D. used
D. to leave
45. They might just have a place __ on the writ ing course. Why don't you give it a try? 46. The driver wan ted to park his car n ear the roadside but was asked ___ by the police.
C. not do D. do not
C. to throw D. to be throw n
C. Having heard
D. To be heari ng
47. The sun light is white and bli nding, hard-edged shadows on the gro und.
48. ______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 49. A good liste ner takes part in the con versati on, _____ ideas and rais ing questi ons to keep
B. sett ing
C. to set
D. hav ing set
35.Shortly after sufferi ng from a massive earthquake and __ to ruins, the city took on a new
B. to offer
C. hav ing offered
D. offered
33. ______ warm at ni ght, I would fill the woodstove, the n set my alarm clock for mid ni ght
C not to be treated D not have bee n treated
51. Whe n I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ___ me stories till I fell asleep. A. havi ng told B. telli ng C. told D. to tell
1. ______________________________________________________ 【2014 •全国大纲卷】 23.Today there are more airplanes____________________________________________ more people than ever before in the skies. A. carry B. carry ing C. carried D. to be carry ing 2. 【2014 •全国大纲卷】 33. ______ me tomorrow and Fll let you know the lab result. A. Calli ng B. Call C. To call D. Havi ng called
3. 【2014 •重庆卷】5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _____ to our shop for quality problems.
A. returni ng B. returned C. to return D. to be returned
4. 【2014 •重庆卷】11. Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit.
A. help ing B. hav ing helped C. helped D. to help
5. 【2014 •北京卷】 35.The film star wears sun glasses. Therefore, he can go shopp ing without A. recog nizing B. being recog ni zed C. havi ng recog ni zed D. havi ng bee n recog ni zed 6. （2014 北京卷）28. There are still many problems _____ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A. solvi ng B. solved C. being solved D.to be solved
7. （2014 北京卷） 35.The film star wears sun glasses. Therefore, he can go shopp ing without A. recog nizing on TV. A. watch
B. being recog ni zed
B. to watch
C. havi ng recog ni zed D. havi ng bee n recog ni zed
C. watched D. Watchi ng
8. （ 2014 北京卷）25. Last night, there were millions of people ____ the opening ceremony live 9. （2014 天津卷） 7. Clearly and thoughtfully ______ , the book in spires con fide nee in stude nts who wish to seek their own an swers.
A. writ ing B. to write C. written D. being writte n
10. 【2014 •天津卷】 5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the D. havi ng found whe n the
shop will ope n aga in. package and tried it on, only id didn 'fit
A. to find B. fou nd C. finding
11. 【2014 山东卷】6. There is a note pinned to the door_ A. say ing
B. says C. said D. havi ng said
12. 【2014 山东卷】9. It ' s standard practice for a company like this one ____ a security officer.
A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs
13. 【2014 •江西卷】26. When it comes to __ in public, no one can match him.
B. speak ing speak ing A. speak B. C. being spoke n D. be spoke n
14. 【2014 •江西卷】 31. __ nearly all our money, we couldn 'afford to stay at a hotel.
B. To spe nt C. Spent D. To have spe nt
A. Having spe nt
34. He is thought __ foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for
15. 【2014 •江西卷】
losing the job.
to have acted C. acting D. havi ng acted
A. to act B. 5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products 16. 【2014 •四川卷】
after great
effort. B. to develop C. developed D. develop
A. havi ng developed 7.— I hope to take the computer course. more about it, visit this website. 17. 【2014 •四川卷】 B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out —Good idea. the past year as an excha nge stude nt in Hong Kong, Linda appears more A. To find out A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spe nt D. To spe nd 18. （2014 福建卷）27.
mature tha n those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spe nt
19. （ 2014 福建卷） 30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the
phone are importa nt in staying _______
A. conn ected 20.（2014江苏卷） A. being give n 21. （2014 陕西卷）12. It
B. connecting C. to connect D. to be conn ected
29. His lecture ___ , a lively questi on-an d-a nswer sessi on followed.
B. havi ng give n
C. to be give n
D. havi ng bee n give n
A. to go
B. going
s quite hot today. Do you feel like ________ for a swim?
22. （2014 陕西卷）20. ___
C go D. havi ng gone _ the difficult maths problem, I have con sulted Professor Russell
several times. A. Worki ng out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out
23. 【2014 •安徽卷】32. While waiting for the opportunity to get ______ , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promot ing D. to promote
24. 【2014 •湖南卷】21.Children , when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. A. to be accompa nied B. to accompa ny C. accompa nying D. accompa nied 25. 【2014 •湖南卷】 _ your own n eeds and styles of com muni cati on is as importa nt as lear ning to con vey your affect ion and emoti ons.
A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood
26. 【2014 •湖南卷】 27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassla nd, ____ at the ni ght sky. A. to stare B. stari ng C. stared D, havi ng stared
27. 【2014 •湖南卷】30. _____ what you ' re doing today important, because you ' of your life for it A. Make B. To make C. Maki ng D. Made 28. 【2014 •湖南卷】 35. _______ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each n eed deep thought and inner quiet ness.
A. Havi ng freed B. Freed C. To free D. Free ing
29. 【2014 •浙江卷】14. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ______ to guard her. A. to appo int B. appo in ti ng C. appo in ted D. hav ing appo in ted （2015） 1. _____ the differe nee betwee n the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （2015 安徽 27） A. Ig nore B. Ig noring C. Ig nored D. Having ignored
2. ___ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to beco ming a football star. （2015 重庆 6） A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise
C. using D. use
A. used B. havi ng used
3. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way __ the sun and the stars. （2015 重庆 11）
4. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _____ live is quite another. （2015 浙 江 18） A. perform B. perform ing C. to perform D. being performed
B. To be absorbed
A. amaze A. To absorb B. amaz C. Absorbed
D. Absorb ing 6. _____ for two days, Steve man aged to finish his report on schedule. ing （2015 天津 8）
A. To work B. Worked C. To be worki ng 7. Little Tom sat _______ watch ing the mon key dancing in front of him. D. Havi ng worked （2015 四川 9）
C. amazed D. to amaze
5. ____ in painting, John didn ' t notice evening 玄卩卩（201血天津 5）
re tradi ng a day
8. After receiv ing the Oscar for Best Support ing Actress, Anne Ben edict went on ____ all the people who had helped in her career. （2015 陕西 17） A. to tha nk B. tha nking C. havi ng tha nked D. to have tha nked 9. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home. （2015 陕西 18） A. taki ng B. take n C. take D. be take n 10. At college, Barack Obama did n ' t know that he the first black preside nt of the
Uni ted States of America. （ 2015 陕西 24
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
11. Much time _________ sitti ng at a desk, office workers are gen erally troubled by health
problems. （2015 江苏 24） A. being spe nt B. havi ng spe nt C. spe nt D. spe nding
12. When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the
ground, _________ whether to stay or leave. （2015 湖南 30） A. won deri ng B. won der C. to won der D. won dered
13. Sometimes I act as listening ear for fellow students ______ what is bothering them （2015 湖
南 34） A. to talk over B. talked over C. talk over D. having talked over 14. __ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. （2015 福建 28） A. Lear n B. Lear ned C. To lear n D. To be lear ning
15. In recent years an English word \"infosphere\" has appeared, ______________ the sense of
\"information ” and \" atmosphe20'15 福建 33 A. comb ine B. comb ined C. comb ining D. being comb ined 16. ___ the early flight , we ordered a taxi in advanee and got up very early. （2015 北京 21）
A. Catchi ng B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 17. The park was full of people _______ themselves in the sunshine （ 2015 北京 23）
A. havi ng enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy 非谓语动词写作训练（一）
1. 听到这个消息，他们高兴的跳了起来。
2. 建于公元前490年，这寺院已有1500千年的历史。 3. 团结则成功，分裂则失败.
4他走出房间，身后跟着他忠实的小狗
5. 由于不知道该干什么，他就去向老师求助。 6. 站在山顶上我们可以看到全城. 7. 只要给机会，我们会做的更好。 8. 和你相比，我们还有很大差距。 9. 我真的无法忍受受到他的指责。
10. 虽然被邀请了，他还是没去参加晚会。
非谓语动词写作训练（二）
① 2008年5月12日，一场特大地震袭击了四川省，造成了成千上万人无家可归。
② 大量的人员受伤，甚至丧命。③为了营救那些受困和被埋的人，政府及时采取有效的措施， 派遣士兵到受灾地区。④听到这个噩耗后，全世界的人们都伸出了援助之手。 失去了一切，但他们正全力以赴，克服重重困难，重建家园。 参考词汇： 袭击：hit/strike
受灾地区：the earthquake-stricken area
⑤尽管他们
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