终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,点动词或短暂性动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。
终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:
⑴.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时。
eg。我弟弟参军两年了。 My brother joined the army two years ago。
⑵。若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
The film started two hours ago.→The film has been on for two hours.
常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
Ⅰ。 be 型
1. go there —- be there 2。come here—be here
3。come back—be back 4。die—be dead
5。leave-be away(from) 6.open—be open
7.close—be closed 8。go/get out—be out
9.finish/end-- be over 10.become-be
11。get up—be up 12。begin/start(上演)—be on
13. fall asleep—- be asleep 14。fall ill – be ill
15。 move here/there ——be here/there 16. get to… -— be at/in
17.arrive at / in… —— be at / in 18。reach…-- be at/in
19。get married -- be married 20.join-be in/be a member of
join the Party—— be in the Party / be a Party member/ be a member of the Party
Ⅱ。 实义动词 型
1.borrow-- keep 2. buy——have
3。Begin to teach—teach 4。 get to know-know
5.Put on—wear 6。 receive——have
7。catch a cold—have a cold 8.hear from—have a letter from
[注意点]
1.上述例词除borrow/buy/catch需转换为keep /have外,其余均为“be+adj./adv./n.\"结构.
2.非延续性动词并非不可用于现在完成时态中,只是不能和表示“一段”时间的短语连用,但可与just,yet,already ,ever,never等连用。例如:
They have already come.
He has just gone out.
延续性动词与非延续性动词专项练习
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes。
A. has left B。 had left C。 has been away D。 had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far。
A。 joined B。 have joined C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988。
A . has been open B. has opened C。 was open D。 opened
4。 Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000。
A. have made B. have been C。 made D. have become
5.You mustn’t ______ until he comes back。 A. be away B. leave C。 be left
6。The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B。 has ended C。 has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A。 has been in B. has come to C。 has taught
8。Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B。 has become C。 was D。 became
9。 I ______ home for a week。
A。 have returned B. have been back C. returned
10. How long ______ he ______ ? A。 died B. has, died C. has, been dead
11。 He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D。 had slept
12。He ________ the car for a week。 A. bought B。 has bought C。 has had
13。-—---How long _____ you _____ ill ? ——---Two weeks。
A. did fall B。 have, fell C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown。
A. has left B。 has moved away C. has been away from
15。I’ll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days。
A。 borrow B. keep C。 take
16。The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far。
A. has stopped B。 stopped C. has been
17。Are you ___the jacket these days?
A。 wearing B。 putting on C. dressing D. on
18.He ________ for 2 hours. A。 got up B。 has got up C。 has been up
19。 Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days。
A. is B. catches C. has caught D。 has had
20。-—-—- How long can I ______ the book? ——--—— Two weeks。
A。 borrow B. lend C。 get D. keep
DCABB CAABC BCCCB CACDD
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