APA

Robert Peter Strauss Education in America 2010 p.100

One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking.

1. basic format for in-text quotation (author, year, page) (1) 直接引用

Strauss (2010) stated that “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(p. 100).

 Strauss (2010) said/argued/maintained/believed/claimed/stressed/that “One of the educational

goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(p. 100).

 According to Strauss (2010), “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical

thinking”(p. 100).

 As Strauss (2010) stated, “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical

thinking”(p. 100).

“One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(Strauss, 2010, p. 100). （2）间接引用

Strauss (2010) stated that education should improve children’s critical thinking (p. 100). Strauss (2010) stated that education should improve children’s critical thinking. Education should improve children’s critical thinking (Strauss, 2010, p. 100). Education should improve children’s critical thinking (Strauss, 2010).

2. two authors: Robert Peter Strauss, Mark Thomas Chomsky (1) 直接引用

Strauss and Chomsky (2010) stated that “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(p. 100).

“One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(Strauss & Chomsky, 2010, p. 100).

（2）间接引用

Strauss and Chomsky (2010) stated that education should improve children’s critical thinking (p. 100).

Education should improve children’s critical thinking (Strauss & Chomsky, 2010, p. 100).

3. three to five authors: Robert Peter Strauss, Mark Thomas Chomsky, Sigmund Freud, Henry, James, Frank Whitehead

 For the first time quotation (1) 直接引用

Strauss, Chomsky, Freud, James, and Whitehead (2010) stated that “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(p. 100).

“One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(Strauss, Chomsky, Freud, James, & Chomsky, 2010, p. 100). （2）间接引用

Strauss, Chomsky, Freud, James, and Whitehead (2010) stated that education should improve children’s critical thinking (p. 100).

Education should improve children’s critical thinking (Strauss, Chomsky, Freud, James, & Chomsky, 2010, p. 100).

 For the subsequent in-text quotations, use the first author’s family name followed by “et al.” (1) 直接引用

Strauss et al. (2010) stated that “another educational goals is to promote children’s independent thinking”(p. 100).

“Another goal is to promote children’s independent thinking”(Strauss et al., 2010, p. 100). （2）间接引用

Strauss et al. (2010) stated that education should also improve children’s independent thinking (p. 100).

Education should also improve children’s independent thinking (Strauss et al., 2010, p. 100).

4. six or more authors (1) 直接引用

Strauss et al. (2010) stated that “another educational goals is to promote children’s independent thinking”(p. 100).

“Another goal is to promote children’s independent thinking”(Strauss et al., 2010, p. 100). （2）间接引用

Strauss et al. (2010) stated that education should also improve children’s independent thinking (p. 100).

Education should also improve children’s independent thinking (Strauss et al., 2010, p. 100).

5. Authors with the same family name: Robert Peter Strauss, Mark Thomas Strauss

R. P. Strauss (2010) stated that “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(p. 100).

M. T. Strauss (2010) stated that “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(p. 100).

6. Two or more works by the same author in the same year

Robert Peter Strauss Education in America 2010 p.100 Robert Peter Strauss Education and society 2010 p.200

Strauss (2010a) stated that “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(p. 100).

Strauss (2010b) argued that “Education should serve the whole society”(p. 200).

7. two or more authors made the same statement

Robert Peter Strauss Education in America 2010 p.100

One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking.

Mark Thomas Chomsky and Sigmund Freud Education in Our Life 2013 p. 200 Education aims at enhancing children’s independent thinking.

Education should improve children’s thinking (Strauss, 2010, p. 100; Chomsky & Freud, 2012, p. 200).

Education should improve children’s thinking (Strauss, 2010; Chomsky & Freud, 2012).

8. electronic resources

Robert Peter Strauss article: Influences of education 2010 www.google.com/eudcation.html The influences of education is significant in many aspects.

As Strauss (2010) pointed out, education produces deep influences in many aspects.

As Strauss (2010) pointed out, education produces deep influences in many aspects (para. 4).

 Unknown date

Education produces deep influences in many aspects (Strauss, n. d. ).

 Unknown author (books are italicized, articles are put in quotation marks) Education produces deep influences in many aspects (“Influences,” 2010). Education produces deep influences in many aspects (Influences, 2010).

9 secondary quotation (quotation from a secondary source)

Robert Peter Strauss Education in America 2010 p.100

One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking.

Mark Thomas Chomsky Education and our society 2012 p. 50

Strauss (2010) stated that “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(p. 100).

Strauss stated that “One of the educational goals is to promote children’s critical thinking”(as cited in Chomsky, 2012, p. 50).