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Wild animals used to roam the United States in countless numbers. Today these animal populations have sadly dwindled. Some animals have disappeared (1), destroyed by the advance of (2). The same story can be told in Africa, once covered with big (3) such as elephants, rhinoceros, and antelope. In Central and South America, where animals were once thought safe, they are now (4). In the last three centuries more than 200 species of (5), birds, and reptiles have become (6). Eight hundred more species are endangered. The endangered species include the gorilla, the orangutan, the (7) tortoise, the big cats, and the whales. Our wild animals are being (8) from the land, the birds from the air, the fish from the sea.
Remain Gary, a well-known writer said, \"It may be that man's greatest ‘achievement' in the 20th century (9) an irreplaceable heritage of natural things.\"
Poor planning of man himself is the main cause of the elimination of animals. With each increase in man's population, the wilderness areas where the animals live get smaller. (10). Water pollution kills fish in our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Hunters have almost exterminated many of the larger animals and farmers destroyed smaller animals like the prairie dog. (11).
In Scotland, safari park wardens answer their phones to hear the heavy breathing of a chimpanzee. The chimp had pressed the right buttons to (12) preprogrammed numbers on a cell phone he'd snatched from a (13).
It doesn't take a (14) scientist to know that animals are smart. But do animals really think? And if so, are their thoughts similar to ours? Scientists have long tried to figure out the (15) workings of human intelligence, but the process of how a thought is (16) produced in the brain still remains a (17). Researchers do know that humans (18) high on the \"smart meter\" because of our abilities to use complex language and express (19) ideas.
Now animal behavior scientists have found clear signs of intelligence in other animals. (20). Bottlenose dolphins (宽吻海豚) and chimpanzees recognize themselves in mirrors, which suggests they're aware of themselves as individuals. So far, only humans, apes and dolphins display this ability.
New research shows that prairie dogs use descriptive chirps to inform their colonies about predators and intruders— (21).
Not long ago, many scientists ranked humans as the smartest animals and all other creatures inferior. (22)—not unlike humans. We share the planet with thinking animals.
(1)altogether (2)civilization (3)game (4)frightened (5)mammals (6)extinct (8)swept
3.Today animal populations have sadly (dwindled) all over the world. In the last three centuries more than 200 species of (mammals) , birds, and reptiles have become extinct. Eight hundred more species are endangered. The (endangered species) include the gorilla, the (orangutan) , the (7)giant tortoise, the trumpeter swan, (the whooping crane) , the big cats, and the whales. Since life began on this planet, countless creatures have come and gone - rendered extinct by natural changes. If extinction is part of the natural order, we can leave it as it is. Unfortunately, we cannot attribute the accelerating decline of our wild animals and plants to \"natural\" processes. Today's dangers to wildlife most often result from hunting, (habitat) degradation, environmental pollution, the introduction of (pesticides) , and expansion - all generally as a direct result of human activities. What man has done to the animals in the past hundred years will appall anyone who loves this world. It is very true that man's greatest \"achievement\" in the 20th century (9)is not that he traveled to the moon but that he destroyed forever an (heritage) that nature offered us.
With each increase in man’s population, the wilderness areas where the animals live get smaller. (10)The use of pesticides to control injurious insect also harms wild birds and animals. Water pollution kills fish in our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Hunters have almost exterminated (v.destroy utterly) many of the larger animals like the bighorn sheep (大角羊) and the grizzly bear (灰熊). And farmers destroy smaller animals like the prairie dog (草原犬鼠) and coyote(郊狼/小狼). (11)As a result of this （unrelenting） pressure, our wildlife is disappearing at the rate of one species or subspecies per years.
In Scotland, safari-park wardens answer their phones to hear the heavy breathing of Chippy the chimpanzee. The chimp had pressed the right buttons to dial preprogrammed numbers on a cell phone he'd swiped from a keeper.
It doesn't take a rocket scientist to know that animals are smart. But do animals really think? And if so, are their thoughts similar to ours? Scientists have long tried to figure out the intricate workings of human intelligence, but the process of how a thought is chemically produced in the brain still remains a mystery. Researchers do know that humans rank high on the \"smart meter\" because of our abilities to use complex language and express abstract ideas. Now ethologists (animal behavior scientists) look for clear signs of intelligence in other animals, starting with three top categories:
* emotions: Chimps react to dramatic TV scenes starring other chimps, which suggests they recognize and express emotions.
* self-recognition: Bottlenose dolphins and chimpanzees recognize themselves in mirrors, which suggests they're aware of themselves as individuals. So far, only primates (humans and apes) and dolphins display this ability.
* language: New research shows that prairie dogs use descriptive chirps to inform their colonies about predators and intruders--a human's size, for example, the colors he wears, how fast he's moving, even whether he's carrying a gun.
Not long ago, many scientists ranked humans as the smartest animals and all
other creatures inferior. Others relied on anthropomorphism, or testing animals purely by human attributes. Today's studies show that animals solve problems, make decisions, and show emotions--not unlike humans. \"We share the planet with thinking animals,\" says Harvard ethologist Marc Hauser.
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