郝堂村一号院改造,信阳,河南,中国 Renovation ofNo.1 Yard of HaotangVillage,Xinyang,Henan,China,2011 建筑设计:孙描/中 i乡村 划 计院孙猫工作室 Architects:SUN Jun/Sun Jun Studio,China Rural Planning and Design Institute 车 1莹 ̄q/Concept sketch 邑o 2改造前外景/Exterior view before reconstructi0n 94 WA 2015/02 村村从 ,乡乡但面了受郝么对是千 ,名典早 , ,堂拆房一部是为型一 I_ 现 影 注 姗什 釉 乳一,罪 项同信息/Credits and Data  ̄fl/Client:郝堂村村委会/Haotang v珊age Committee 施工团队/Construction Team:本地农民施工队/Lo(a】 Farmers Construction Team SE ̄),,/Principal Designer:孙君/suN Jun 建筑材料/Materias:石头,木头,水泥砖,土/stone. wood,cement brick,earth 设计时间/Design Period:2011.03 工程造价/Cost:73000RMB 摄 /Photos:王佛全,孙晓阳/wANG Foquan SUN Xiaoyang WA 2015/02 95 妁石头终于上了一号院的墙。同时用青瓦拼接的花 f锫做立面装饰。又结合中式木格窗,最终完成了立 面的改造。改造后的立面表现了不同材质的对话, 形成了层次更为丰富的构图。 花园一样的院子 拆掉院墙后,一号院原有的院子和院前的空地 存视觉上合二为一,仿佛都成了户主家的乡野花园, 只要稍加整治便又是一番别样的风景。 第一,院落的景观格局。一号院原始院墙包 形矧溅 能沼挑 一 一 :建 气 ; 造还有中样点试村造 费完尧国的成点庄多 传体看是融用 播现来城 ,爱 偶』j 时景柑 了瓣技物足 作用成嘲农房功入建了规的一 ,市在与 存心理上成为内外院的分界线。界线以内尽量保证 然 硎 一 一 一 一, 谮 ,了 民子了手设一,划载个一科这赘 围的内部地面商程略高于墙外,这样的小高差刚好 院子平攫开阔,便于目后室外经营活动的开展;分 界线上已经形成的陡坎由石块加固,其上再布置约 30c:m高的砖砌矮篱。矮篱装饰有青瓦拼接的花格, 这样的处理既强化了原本的小高差,增加心理上对 内院范围的限定感。又随着矮篱走向的变化,自然 界定出更改后的道路边缘;分界线以外采用石材铺 设道路,i合土铺设外院的地面,结合布置竹、苜 院子的格局就此确定。 焦等植物和废旧农具巧妙利用后的乡村小景,整个 原来院子里的猪圈。按一号院的未来发展设想, 的理念中,有猪的农家才更像一个农家。 暂时不再需要了。不过,这其宴是一个遗憾。在我 一一一一一~一一一一一一一 一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一 一一一一~一一 一一一一一 一一一一一一一一一 一一一一一一 第二,污水处理池。按照预期,房子改造完成以 后必定会有很多人前来参观,做农家乐就是自然而然 的零了。但开办农家乐用水量会增大,污染也会增多, 不能因为~家挣钱破坏了村庄的环境。习 么,建立一 个家庭污水处理池就十分必耍。户主也赞同这样的观 点,于是~个小型家庭湿地生态水池出现了。 水池由乡村最观设计师鲍国志完成,乡村工程 师李如道监理.位于外院的一角。璺不规则状近圆 The householder intended to demolish the still look like a new yard from the psychological or visual perspective as long as it was handled properly. The area could also seem to be enlarged by one or rooms on the second floor,so there was a cantilever corridor.Although the corridor had windows, the rooms were not well lit or well ventilated.The house and to build a new one He was not satisfied with the house mainly for the following ive reasons:f First,his son and daughter—in—law did not want to live in it when they came back for a visit because two times,big enough for doing small business. As a result,after the demolition of the walls,the problem might be solved by removing the windows to make the balcony partly open.With this idea, the toilet was in the yard,which was inconvenient. On the other hand,the householder did not 1ike to have the toilet inside the house because of its smel1. Second,the outside stairs were very inconvenient. Third,there was no place for drying clothes.Fourth, the roof was leaking Finally,the yard was smelly due to the pigsty. vision was widened and the householder feIt more delighted. Big renovation I negotiated with the householder:The Chinese character Tang(”hall”in Chinese)was made up of four parts,meaning sun,house,people and earth.In other words,only houses with sunshine inside could be called Tang and those without sunshine were small rooms.As the corridor windows blot out the sun,the whole family seemed to be living in a small room.It made sense to the househo1der. Wooden frames were added to one of the two The key to“Paint”the house was a complete renovation covering both the function and the image.If the function did not change,it would not be able adapt to the modern life style;if the image did not change,there would be no country lavor.f Demolishing the walls There was a ring of redbrick walls in the exterior around the house.High walls guaranteed he fTirst step was to build an indoor toilet.The householder could not ask the child to come back windows on the 2nd floor,to weaken the coldness and stifness of aluminum alloy.The other window, together with part of wall,was pulled down to allow more light in.After the transformation,the balcony privacy.In the minds of many farmers,home must have walls To renovate,the first thing was to tear down the walls,which became a problem.The first step was to reason with the householder heart to heart:Firstly,in rural culture,the house was the villagers’”face”and renovation was to serve as a home if there was no indoor toilet.Moreover,as the old couple grew older,it would be inconvenient for them to use the outdoor toilet at night.I ask the householder,who did decoration works as mentioned above,to think about the indoor toilets of hotels in the city.They were clean and with no smel1.The doubt about the feasibility of an indoor toilet was thus eliminated. The second step was to relocate the stairs.The became a good place for the family to dry clothes,to dray pork or ish,or even to fhave sun—bath. he Tourth step wasf to build a waterproof roof. The house had a flat roof,with neither slope nor showoff.Secondly,after the demolition of the walls, the geomantic omen would become better compared with the original arrangement of the main door facing the toilet.Thirdly,the original layout was drainage pipe.Rainwater could be accumulated there and seepage problem could easily OCCUr.1he roof was changed to have slopes,which did not only solve the original outdoor stairs were relocated inside the house so that the family did not have to worry about reminiscent of the Chinese character Qiu(”prisoner” in Chinese),which was a Ren(”man”in Chinese)in an enclosure.The next step was to talk about the drainage problem,but also improved the thermal insulation effect.The new roof became harmonious with the local architectural style.Therefore it had threefold advantage. bad weather.The householder did not object to this point as it was also his original expectation. function:There would be better ventilation and no more pigsty smell after the teardown of the walls.In addition,without the walls,the original space could The third step was to remove the windows of the balcony.The original outdoor vertical stairs required a horizontal connection between the two The fifth step was to rebuild the gate.In traditional Chinese concept,the gate,like the man of a family,is as important as the pillar to maintain the facade.Just like the Chinese traditional character ”Ban”of the word”Lao Ban”(”boss”in Chinese), there is a door with three mouths inside.It means that only when the gate is big enough to cover a family of three,the house will be able to produce a big boss who makes big fortunes.The rebuilt gate is more of the unique Chinese Northern style,simple and splendid. The sixth step was to make the facade”ugly”. The outside wails of No.1 Yard were originally covered with white tiles.If the house is to be open to the outside world for business,it is important to have a facade with unique local lavor.Tfhe process of 3.4改造后外基/Exterior views after reconstruction 5村民参与施71/Local villager participate in construction ’Up the Mountains,Down the Villages WA 2015/02 97 choosing materials for the facade was an interesting courtyard was as smooth and open as possible,and to facilitate future outdoor activities.The scarp on Thirdly,a public toilet and a methane— negotiation.1 wanted to use the local stones but the householder did not agree with me,insisting that generating tank.Following my proposals and the dividing line was reinforced by stones and a low brick fence of thirty centimeters high was built on it.The fence was decorated with grey tile lattice, which strengthened the discrepancy and increased the psychological sense of boundary of the inner courtyard.With the changing of the direction of the taking into consideration the requirement of stone was the ugliest materia1.I suggested burning— free bricks,but the householder still disagreed with me,thinking that they were the ugliest bricks.I reasoned with him again:”hey are beautifTul!They agritainment business,small toilets with separated men‘s and women’s rooms were built in the yard. The excrement from both the men s and women。s rooms was disposed directly into the methane— look like grey bricks,but they have more primitive simplicity.If they are iuxtaposed with stones,the house will look more solid than now.Currently,your house looks like a piece of paper.”After I showed the generating tank,becoming the raw materials for fence,the edge of the path was naturally defined. Outside the boundary,the path was paved with biogas energy generation,which was energy—saving and environmentally friendly.The local government stones and the ground of the external yard with cement.The delightful rural scenery was cleverly laid out with bamboos,banana trees,and used farm tools. encouraged the use of biogas as energy by bearing all the cost of the technology needed. Conclusion householder the drawings of the facade at different angles,he agreed that the new one was much better. No.1 Yard was originally a ceramic tile room and the design tried to keep the same concept by not making too much change to its original image. On the second floor,except the part that was removed for windows outside,al1 the white tiles on the remaining part of the wall were reserved. 1 wanted people to find a symbol of times and its dialogue with the rural land.As for the treatment of the facade of the first loor,the fgray space below the original corridor of the second loor fwas transformed into a new corridor.The new corridor and the rebuilt The renovation of the first pilot house for According to the plan for No.1 Yard,The pigsty was not to be kept.It was a shame to me.In my mind,a farmhouse with pigs was more like a farmhouse. Secondly,the sewage treatment pond.We Haotangcun Village cost between seventy thousand to eighty thousand yuan,including structural and functiona1 transformation,interior decoration,as well as the reconstruction of garden landscape and ecological system.Before No.1 Yard was completed expected a lot of people to come to visit the yard after the renovation.It would lead to agritainment business and would increase water consumption and pollution.It would become a moral issue if six or seven families had come to see me,asking for renovation of their houses. Chinese farmers are capable of imitation but weak in innovation.No.1 Yard is a very common environment was sacrificed for earning money. So it was necessary to build a sewage treatment house in China’s countryside,which means it has gate were combined by brick structure.The”ugliest” brick and the”ugliest“stone finally appeared high demonstration value.Once a pilot project is pond,which was also agreed by the householder herefore,a smalTl wetland ecological pond came into being. he pond Twas completed by Bao Guozhi,a rural landscape designer,and supervised by Li Rudao, a rural Engineer.It is located in a corner of the outer yard in irregularly suborbicular shape.The revetment was built with local mining rocks,which was piled up to imitate nature.A pottery was set ”successful,subsequent construction will be easy to together on the wal1.At the same time with the tile— spliced lattice as facade decoration and the Chinese style wood—framed window,the renovation of the faqade was finally completed.After transformation, the facade had a richer composition,displaying the dialogue between different materials. carry out.To start from one pilot project rather than an overall planning followed by full implementation may be a big difference between the construction of the village and the city.Therefore,this project promotion. has great exploratory signiicance and is worthy off A garden-like yard After the teardown of the walls,No.1 Yard seemed like the householder’s country garden as its original yard and the open space in front visually combine into one.The scenery was created through a small renovation: Firstly,the landscape pattern of the courtyard. Planning and designing,in my opinion,is a dissemination carrier of culture and ideas.It is an accidently“among the rocks.The surface of the embodiment of the designer’s perception and taste of culture,and even his sense of social responsibility. pond came to the height of one—fourth of the top of the pottery so that the water in the pond seemed to be poured out from the pottery.The original small trees between the pool and the house are retained. I think,in China,it is the rural culture that wi1l exert impacts on urban civi1izati0n in the future, but at the same time the science and technol0gy of The internal ground elevation inside the original walls was slightly higher than that of the outside. Psychologica11 y|the discrepancy in elevation was like a dividing line in between.Within the boundary,arrangement was made to ensure the They softened the building’s outline.And together with the building,they formed a layered background for the pond.The assorted aquatic plants in the pond effectively got rid of the harmful elements of polluted water. the city wi1l push forward the development of the rural areas.B0th the urban and suburban cultures wiU m with each other in this era.How do we face it?Love and resp0nsibility wi11 be needed in 0ur jud。gment.口 98 WA 2015/02 诩 论 柳亦春:这是一个村宅改造项目。如果不了解这个 以个体的学识和经验,为建筑学这个早有脱离大众 和乡村人生活存“乡土景观”中的感受并不一致; 项目进行的过程,究其改造结果,我们可以称赞其 之嫌的“高雅”专业如何进入中国农村的在地实 专业人士与非专业人士对“新”与“旧”、“美” 处理基本空间的务宴态度以及引入庭院水池的生态 与景观的双重作用,却很难从建筑学的角度予以进 一践,提供了一次有益的沟通经验。 与“丑”的认识也存有偏差;现代的生活方式和乡 村传统的生产、生活方式之间的矛盾,不是非此即 步的评价。但足从另一个角度,画家孙君所做的 张晓舂:城里人眼中的乡土景观与乡村人眼中的乡 彼。要在其中寻找一个共识和重合区域,或许是乡 土景观,或者说,城里人创造“乡土景 ”的需求 村民居建筑改造的起点。 工作,却无疑是直而中吲农村现实的先锋工作,他 Comments LIU Yichun:qhis is a rural housing renovation project. Judging based on the renovation result without knowing its process,one can praise the designer‘S practical attitude in basic space arrangement and in introducing the courtyard pond with both ecological and landscape effects,but further architectural comment would be difficult.However,from another perspective,the work by SUN Jun as an artist is undoubtedly pioneering in facing the reality in rural China.With personal knowledge and experience,he provides a beneficial communication experience in how to bring architecture,an’ elegant“discipline that has long been broken away from ordinary people’S life,into the down—to—earth practice in the countryside. 6 ZHANG Xiaochun:The rural landscape in the eyes of urban people is not the same as in the eyes of the rural 保 泵商臼 并 }.删 巧色 people,or in another word,the demand of creating ”rural landscape”by the urban people is different from the feeling of the rural people who actually live lL ≮ . 斗 in the”rural landscape”.Alike,professionals and lay £ —Lf— ‘f,如x 丰矸 bx肺方车 persons hold different understanding of“new”vs. ”old”.and“beautiful“VS.”ugly”.When discussing the 广一}幽 靠;孑 contradiction between the modern life style and the ,6李料 traditional production and life style in the countryside, we shall keep in mind that the answer may not be one or the other.Instead,we should find the common and overlapped ground between them and use it as a starting point for rural housing renovation. 1 白 囱 堡垒查!j.I l事竹免缘 日 z 砭夔 季 闺c rare) 抛: }港计 艟放室巾 奢求占啦 辛主李、M孝柏工匝为主镑3钎秘弛 J9 寸 { 龟z之名旬毫. ‘准 . ”Up the Mountains,Down the Villages WA 2015/02 99