2021年英语六级阅读理解综合复习资料(四)

2021年英语六级阅读理解综合复习资料（四）

题号 得分 一 二 三 四 五 六 总分 The smuggler in many ways is just another international businessman and his turnover would do credit to many international corporations. His business happens to be illegal and risky, but look at the stakes involved: $5 billion worth of heroin smuggled into the United States each year, and $1.5 billion in gold passing annually along smuggling pipelines to India and Indonesia, to France and Morocco, to Brazil and Turkey. Perhaps half of all the watches made in Switzerland reach their eventual wearers by some back door. Most of this illicit trade is carried on with all the efficiency of any multinational company. Entirely legitimate businesses, such as a travel bureau or an import-export agency, are also often fronts for smuggling organizations. One of the world’s largest gold smugglers also owned and operated the franchise for a leading make of British cars in a small Middle Eastern country. He made a good profit from both activities.

A smuggling syndicate operates much like any other business. The boss is really a chief executive. He makes all the plans, establishes international contacts, and thinks up the smuggling routes and method but remains aloof from actual operations. He is aided by a handful of managers looking after such specialties as financing, travel (one reason

why many smuggling syndicates find it handy to have their own travel agency), the bribing of airline or customs officials, and recruitment of couriers, or mules as they are called. There may also be someone in charge of local arrangements in the countries to which the smuggled goods is going.

Another similarity between legitimate business and its illegal counterpart is price fluctuation. Just as the prices of products traded legally vary with quality and market conditions such as supply and demand, so do the prices of goods go up and down in the smuggling trade. Consider the price of drugs. Heroin and cannabis, in whatever form or by whatever name, cone in several grades, each with a going price. The wholesale price at which big dealers sell to big dealers is less than the street price. When the authorities are successful in reducing the supply buy seizures, the price of all grades rises. 1. The main idea for this passage is

[A]. The Comparison between Legitimate Business and Its Illegal Counterpart.

[B]. The similarities between Legitimate Business and Smuggling. [C]. Smugglers May Make Great Profit from Both Activities. [D]. The Boss in Smuggling Syndicate is a Chief Executive. 2. When is the price going down?

[A]. The quality of the foods and market condition are not very well.

[B]. The quality of goods and market condition vary. [C]. Unbalance between supply and demand. [D]. The price of other goods fluctuates. 3. It can be inferred that a smuggler

[A]. may make plan and establish international contacts. [B]. is a real boss.

[C]. may make money in different ways . [D]. may sell other goods.

4. One of the best ways smugglers usually take is [A]. to set up multinational companies. [B]. to engage in illegal businesses only.

[C]. to make legitimate businesses as fronts for organizations.

[D]. to make good profits from both activities. Vocabulary 1. turnover 营业额

2. do credit to 增光于某人/某物 3. stake 下在投机生意上的股本，赌注 4. smuggling pipeline 走私线路 5. speciality 专业部门，公司 6. recruit 招募，添补(新兵) 难句译注

smuggling

1. The smuggler in many ways is just another international businessman and his turnover would do credit to many international corporations.

[结构简析] 并列句

[参考译文] 走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人，而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光。 写作方法与文章大意

这是一篇介绍走私集团的文章，采用对比写法——正常(合法)的商业和走私(非法)集团的对比。第一段第一句就点明宗旨：走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人，而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光。不仅如此，有的也经营合法商业，如旅游，进出口公司等，这些往往是非法走私组织的前哨阵地。

第二段介绍了走私辛迪加的经营情况非常类似其他商业。老板就是真正的(执行)董事长。他制定计划，签定国际合同，确定走私路线和方法但不参与具体执行行动。有一批经理助他管理各个专业部门，如财政，旅行，贿赂海关或航空公司官员等，还有当地接应走私货品的负责人。

第三段叙述了合法和非法贸易另一个相似点——价格波动，价格随市场供需和商品质量而有所差异。 答案

1. B. 合法商业和走私的相似性。是这篇文章的中心思想。它是通过对比方法说明这种相似性。并不是两者对比得出结论。所以

A. 合法商业和非法商业比较。不对。 C. 走私者可以从两种活动中谋取利润 和 D. 走私集团中的老板是董事长，只是对比中提到个别具体事实。不是中心思想。

2. A. 货物质量和市场情况不好。第三段第二句“正如合法商业按质论价和按市场供需价一样，走私商品也是按这两者调节价格的上升和下降。”所以当质量和市场情况不好价格就跌。

B. 货物质量和市场变化。这并不一定跌价，也可能上升。 C. 供需不平衡。并没有说明供大于求，和跌价无关。 D. 其它商品价波动。这不一定下跌。所以B,C,D都不对。

3. D. 可能会卖其他货品。题目是推断，(infer)。从第一段最后一句“世界上最大走私黄金商之买卖，可推断出走私商照样可以经营其他商品。至于

A. 制定计划，签定合同。 B. 走私商是真正的老板。 C. 以不同的方式赚钱，都是文章中直抒，不是推断出来的结论。

4. C. 以合法商业掩护他们走私是走私商经常采用，也是最佳的方法之一。

A. 多国公司。 B. 只从事非法商贸，这并不是最佳方法。 D. 从两方面赚钱，并不是方法，而是有了掩护所后，多一份收入而已。 Passage Twenty-five (Exploration of the Titanic)

After resting on the ocean floor, split asunder and rusting, for nearly three-quarters of a century, a great ship seemed to cone alive again. The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on

its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song. But last week what had been legendary suddenly became real. As they viewed videotapes and photographs of the sunken leviathan, millions of people around the world could sense her mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age.

Watching on television, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. (J.J.) as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officer’s quarters and through rust-curtained portholes. Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crewmembers stood evoked images of the moonless night 74years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.

The two-minute videotape and nine photographs, all in color and shot 12,500ft.under the North Atlantic, were a tiny sample of 60 hours of video and 60,000 stills garnered during the twelve-day exploration. They are released at a Washington press conference conducted by Marine Geologist Robert Ballard, 44, who led the teams from the Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution that found the Titanic last September and revisited it this July.

Recounting the highlights of what has already become the most celebrated feat of underwater exploration, Ballard revealed some

startling new information. His deep-diving craft failed to find the 300-ft. gash that, according to legend, was torn in the Titanic’s hull when the ship plowed into the iceberg. Instead, he suggested, the collision had buckled the ship’s plates, allowing water to pour in. He also brought back evidence that the ship broke apart not when she hit bottom, as he had thought when viewing the first Titanic images last September, but as she sank: the stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180 on its way down. 1. What is the best title for this passage? [A]. New Information about the Sunken Ship. [B]. Exploration of the Titanic. [C]. To watch the Videotape.

[D]. To explore the Titanic with High Tech.

2. How did the viewers feel when watching the videotape? [A]. They felt rather sad, and felt they themselves took part in the exploration.

[B]. They felt keenly for it. [C]. They felt rather bad about it. [D]. They felt out of spirits. 3. When did the great ship sink? [A]. In 1912.

[B]. She sank in its maiden voyage in 1912.

[C]. She sank in its second voyage in 1912. [D]. She sank in its first voyage in 1912. 4. What did Robert reveal at a press conference? [A]. He revealed some startling information. [B]. He said nothing.

[C]. He complained the exploration was very hard. [D]. He revealed the success of their work. Vocabulary

1. split asunder 向不同方向裂开，散开 2. saga 英雄传说，冒险故事 3. maiden voyage 处女航

4. celebrate 赞美，庆祝。这里指大肆宣传 5. leviathan 巨型远洋轮 6. eerie 可怕的，怪异的 7. splendor 美妙的景象

8. vicariously 产生共鸣的，代理的 9. luxury liner 豪华巨轮 10. bollard 系揽柱 11. porthole 舷窗 12. railing 栏杆

13. evoke 唤起，引起，(招)魂 14. still 静物摄影照片

15. garner 收集，积累

16. highlight 最精彩场面，最重要部分 17. feat 功绩 18. gash 裂缝 19. hull 船体

20. plow into= plough into 撞上，干劲十足的投入 21. buckle 使弯曲 22. stern 船尾 23. bow 船头 24. swivel 旋转 难句译注

1. The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song.

[结构简析] 被动语态，中插定语从句which struck 和分词短语carrying more than 都是修饰 liner.

[参考译文] 白星级定期轮班泰坦尼克号于1912年的首航中因撞上冰山而沉没，船上一千五百多名乘客全部罹难。此后关于它的种种传说一直为各种刊物，电影，诗歌和歌曲广泛宣传。

2. Watching on television, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. (J.J.) as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner,

wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officer’s quarters and through rust-curtained portholes.

[结构简析] 主从句，主句前有分词短语watching, 修饰主句中的they (观众)，而从句中(as)they 是指Alvin 和Jason Jr. 后面的分词短语都是说明从句中的they。

[参考译文] 观众们看着电视，就像亲临其境似的参与深水工作船阿尔文号和机器人探测器小贾森的工作。随他们巡视这艘豪华举轮残骸，漫游甲板，经过侵蚀的系栏柱，凝视高级船员舱，穿过满是铁锈的舷窗。

3. Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crewmembers stood evoked images of the moonless night 74years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.

[结构简析] 主从句，主句中定从where修饰railings。

[参考译文] 看到那些栏杆使人想起七十四年前就在这艘巨轮沉入汪洋的那个暗无星月的夜晚，罹难的旅客和水手们也曾站在栏杆旁。

4. He also brought back evidence that the ship broke apart not when she hit bottom, as he had thought when viewing the first Titanic images last September, but as she sank: the stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180 on its way down. [结构简析] 结构复杂。That clause 是evidence 的同位语。That 从句中用了not…but 句型。 Not句中为主从句加状从 as he had

though …，but 句中为主从句，中插入定语从句which settled 修饰the stern。

[参考译文] 他还带回证据说明船不是撞在海底时断裂的，而是在下沉时断裂的。船尾下沉时旋转一百八十度，它在海底几乎离船头一千八百英尺远。而在他去年九月第一次见到泰坦尼克号时，还以为船是撞到海底才断裂的。 写作方法与文章大意

文章描述了对沉没巨轮(泰坦尼克号)探测的情况，也是一篇三段式模式的文章：先时间，地点，所发生沉轮的事实，再引了录像带把进行探测的全过程呈现，最后是惊人的结果。 答案

1. D. 用高技术探测泰坦尼克号。第一段最后一句“当世界上千百万人观看这艘沉没巨轮的录像带说，他们都会觉察到她的巨大的船体，她周围可怕的沉寂和岁月流失那种凄惨的景象。”这里已说明是探测的录像片。第三段“这两分钟彩色录像带和九张照片是在被大西洋12500英尺深处拍摄的，它们只是十二天探测期间拍摄的60小时录像带和60000静物照中的一小部分。这些录像带和照片是44对的海洋地质学家罗伯特巴拉德领导的伍德霍尔海洋研究所科学探险队，于去年九月发现了泰坦尼克号并于今年七月重访了它。”第二段中点明用“深水工作船和机器人小贾森……”高科技。

A. 有关沉船的新消息。这只是罗伯特在记者招待会上宣布的一条消息。作为标题不合适。 B. 探测泰坦尼克号，接近标题，但没有

D确切。 C. 看录像带。

2. A. 他们黯然神伤，有身临其境在探测之感。见第1题中第一段最后一句注译和难句译注2。

B. 他们很同情这艘船; C. 他们感到不愉快。 D. 他们感到很消沉。这三段文内都没有提到。

3. B. 她于1912年首航中沉没。见难句译注1。

A. 1913。 C. 1912。第二次航行。 D. 1913年首航。这三项都不对。

4. A. 他宣布一个惊人的消息。见最后一段第二句起：“他的探潜工作船没找到泰坦尼克号船上那三百英尺长裂缝，据说这裂缝是巨轮撞冰山时在船体上留下的。相反，巴拉德认为与冰山相撞造成船体弯曲变形，使海水大量涌入船内”后面译文见难句译注4。 B. 他没有说什么。 C. 他抱怨探测工作非常艰难。 D. 他宣布探测成功。这三项文内没有涉及。

Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved. Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign

investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall. Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another’s competitiveness.

Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.

Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments—especially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes—and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and

stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally.

Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.” 1. What is the main idea of this passage? [A]. The impression of the falling U.S. dollar. [B]. The result of the U.S. falling dollar. [C]. The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.

[D]. Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar. 2. What does the word “rally” mean.

[A]. prosperity. [B]. decline. [C]. richness. [D]. import.

3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar?

[A]. Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries. [B]. Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.

[C]. Because it may do damage to their trade.

[D]. Because it may make Japanese company less competitive. 4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen?

[A]. The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear. [B]. The U.S. economy might face serious problems. [C]. Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments. [D].Inflation could flare up. Vocabulary

1. ticking 滴答作响的 2. grab 抓住 3. abate 减弱 4. snap up 争购，抢购 5. heavy buying 大量买进

6. export-oriented 以出口为方向的 7. in anticipation of 期待，预期 8. faddish 一时流行的 9. spree 无节制的疯狂行为 10. buying spree 狂购乱买

11. plummet 垂直落下，骤然跌落，暴跌 12. stall 停滞

13. verge 处于……边缘

14. verging on recession 正处于衰退的边缘 15. boost 振兴，吹捧 16. bond market 债券市场 17. flare up 突然闪耀，发火，爆发 18. hike 提高，增加

19. follow suit 照着做，跟出同花色的牌 20. profit margin 利润幅度 21. step in 介入 22. rally 繁荣

23. equilibrium 平衡，均势 24. defect 逃跑，开小差 25. break or panic 崩溃或大恐慌 难句译注

1. cries for trade protection 贸易保护的呼声 2. the global free-trade system 全球自由贸易体系

3. that is a rather faddish notion right now 只是一时流行的概念 4. get out of hand 失控

5. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. 什么是平衡水平?可能是接近现在水平或者稍低一些。 6. trade deficit 贸易赤字，贸易逆差。 写作方法与文章大意

这是一篇论述“美元下跌的后果”的文章，采用对比，顺序，因

果等写作。先提出问题：美元下跌，美国得利有二：一是(第一段)商品便宜，销售量大，赤字下降，全球自由贸易体系保住。二是(第二段)外国投资者会抢购美国股票。总之，美国竞争力加强。

这两段中都有对比。第一段美国和日本的对比，开头“就像滴答作响的定时炸弹，日见下跌的美元抓住了日本和西德的注意力，迫使他们考虑采取美国提出的经济政策。“第二段是美国本身之利弊对比。“……许多外国投资者抢购出口导向的美国股票，期望在下一年左右的时间里得到较多的利润。如果公司收益在今后几个季度里令人失望的话，这种买进古片的狂热行为就可能消失。最后，如果美元价格直线下跌导致利率上升，股票市场价格回升就会停顿。“ 后面两段是这两段负效应的进一步论证。 答案

1. B. 美元下跌的结果。全篇文章都讲的美元下跌的后果。 A. 美元下跌的印象。 C. 美元下跌的副作用，均不对。 因为还讲述了有利的一面。 D. 日本的、西德担忧美元下跌，这只是其中的部分内容。

2. A. 繁荣。第五段“美元下跌是否会失控：如果美元下跌过多，投资者可能会失去对美国投资的信心，特别是对美国的债务市场。对联邦政府预算和贸易赤字提供的资金可能移向其它市场，因为日本和西德厂商最终会将上涨的价格转嫁出去，美国公司也可能这么做，以提高其市场利润幅度，从而使通货膨胀再次爆发。美国联邦储备委员会这时可能需要介入，提高利率来稳定美元。而较高利率会导致美国

经济减慢，华尔街的繁荣行将结束。”

B. 衰退。 C. 富有。 D. 出口，都不是rally之含义。

3. C. 因为下跌对他们贸易有损害。第三段“改善美国竞争力意味着其他国家的竞争力下降。”第四段，“日本和西德正濒于经济衰退的边缘。其出口导向的经济正在面临严重问题。日本担心由于日元坚挺而给其贸易带来损害，西德也在发愁。上个星期，法兰克福股市价格暴跌。据说，波恩已在考虑降低利率以振兴其经济。

A. 美元下跌会使他们国家通货膨胀。没有正式提到, 内涵只是贸易带来的其他具体问题。 B. 它可能迫使他们卖掉许多美国股票。 D. 这可能使日本竞争力下降。问题是提出两国，不单单是日本。 4. A. 美国经济繁荣消失，见第2题答案A的注释。

B. 美国经济可能面临严重问题。太笼统。 C. 投资者可能对在美国投资失去信心。这不是美国联邦储备委员会介入后发生之事。 D. 通货膨胀全面爆发。这也是介入之后果。

A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should three times—in water, in butter and in wine. The early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving the preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War II suggest that, although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. This neglect of the sensory appeal of foods is happily becoming a

thing of the past. Bow, in the book “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food,” the authors hope that it will be useful to food technologists in industry and also to others engaged in research into problem of sensory evaluation of foods. An attempt has clearly been make to collect every possible piece of information, which might be useful, more than one thousand five hundred references being quoted. As a result, the book seems at first sight to be an exhaustive and critically useful review of the literature. This it certainly is, but this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.

Of particular interest is the weight given to the psychological aspects of perception, both objectively and subjectively. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences. It is interesting to find that in spite of many attempts to separate and define the modalities of taste, nothing better has been achieved than the familiar classification into sweet, sour salty and bitter. Nor is there as yet any clear-cut evidence of the physiological nature of the taste stimulus. With regard to smell, systems of classification are of little value because of the extraordinary sensitivity of the nose and because the response to the stimulus is so subjective. The authors

suggest that a classification based on the size, shape and electronic status of the molecule involved merits further investigation, as does the theoretical proposition that weak physical binding of the stimulant molecule to he receptor site is a necessary part of the mechanism of stimulation.

Apart from taste and smell, there are many other components of perception of the sensations from food in the mouth. The basic modalities of pain, cold, warmth and touch, together with vibration sense, discrimination and localization may all play a part, as, of course, does auditory reception of bone-conducted vibratory stimuli from the teeth when eating crisp or crunchy foods. In this connection the authors rightly point out that this type of stimulus requires much more investigation, suggesting that a start might be made by using subjects afflicted with various forms of deafness. It is well-known that extraneous noise may alter discrimination, and the attention of the authors is directed to the work of Prof. H. J. Eysenck on the “stimulus hunger” of extroverts and the “stimulus avoidance” of introverts.

1. The reviewer uses a Polish proverb at the beginning of the article in order to

[A]. introduce, in an interesting manner, the discussion of food. [B]. show the connection between food and nationality of food. [C]. indicate that there are various ways to prepare food.

[D]. impress upon the reader the food value of fish.

2. The reviewers appraisal of “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food” is one of

[A]. mixed feelings. [B]. indifference [C]. high praise. [D]. faint praise.

3. The writer of the article does not express the view, either directly or by implication, that

[A]. sharply defined classifications of taste are needed.

[B]. more research should be done regarding the molecular constituency of food.

[C]. food values are objectively determined by an expert “smeller”. [D]. temperature is an important factor in the value of food. 4. The authors of the book suggest the use of deaf subject because [A]. deaf people are generally introversive.

[B]. the auditory sense is an important factor in food evaluation. [C]. they are more fastidious in their choice of foods. [D]. All types of subjects should be used. Vocabulary

1. preservation 保鲜，保存 2. sensory appeal 感官的魅力 3. be provocative of 脱颖而出 4. exhaustive 详尽的，无遗漏的

5. discursive 推论的

6. be provocative of 引起……争论/兴趣等的 7. crisp 有力的，有劲的 8. perception 感觉，知觉，直觉 9. modality 方式

modality of taste (味)感觉到 10. discrimination 鉴别力 11. localization 地区性，定位 12. merit 值得……，有……价值 13. crunchy 嘎吱作响的 14. extraneous 外部的 15. extrovert 外向性格的人 16. introvert 内项性格的人 难句译注

1. although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell.

[结构简析] in appearance or smell 应译成：色或香。

[参考译文] 虽然这些饭菜可能是安全又有营养，但是肯定味不正，特别是在色，香上难以增进食欲。

2. This it certainly is, but this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the

discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.

[结构简析] 复合句。This 指前一句内容：书既详细又是对有关食品学的文字做了十分有用的评论……。 Be provocative of 引起……争论或兴趣。

[参考译文] 确实如此，可是这并不是书的唯一成就，因为书内有许多关于进一步研究范围的建议。推论性篇章及能令人非常感兴趣的看待现存成果的新观点和新方法。

3. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences.

Weber fraction 为Ernest Heinrich Weber所著，他生于1795年，死与1878，是德国生理学家。

[参考译文] 书中详细论及刺激和感觉的关系。还包括了一篇很有价值的讨论文章：谈论威伯分数在评价差异上的缺点和实用性。 写作方法和文章大意

这是一篇介绍“感官评价食品的原理“一书的序言。评者从书的读者对象，书的篇幅到内涵具体涉及片谈起，从主观到客观论证，采用例子和对比说明。第一段全面介绍，点出此书不同于过去的书。它们都把重点放在改善准备，保养和销售上。此书信息多，引证参考资料多，对今后研究有新建议; 对已有成果有新关点。第二段，从客观到主观的论述味觉，嗅觉并加以对比。第三段从众多其它感觉中，以

听觉为重点论证。 答案祥解

1. A. 以有趣的方式开始介绍食品讨论。文章一开始，评者就用“波兰有一谚语说，鱼，要想品味正，应游泳三次——在水里游，在油里游和在酒中游。”这是国外广告式论说文经常才用的一种写作方式。目的是吸引读者，激起他们想读下去的欲望，以达到推广作用。 B. 表明食品和国籍的关系。 C. 表明有各种准备食品的方法。 D. 加深读者对鱼的价值的影响，三项都不对。

2. C. 评价高。评论者当然对此书评价极高，这是序言的必然途径。贬的就是批评文章了。全篇文章也说明这点。

3. C. 食品价值由专家的嗅觉客观决定。这和第二段后半段的内涵有联系。他说，味道可分甜，酸，咸辣，而味觉生理性却无明确无误的证据。“至于(嗅觉)闻，由于鼻子特别灵敏，对外界刺激的反映主观性强，所以任何分类体系均无价值。”作者建议以“大小，形状和涉及分子电子态为基础的分类值得进一步探讨研究，就像理论性前提一样。刺激物分子和受体之间弱的物理结合是刺激生理机能的必要组成部分。”这段文章谈到味觉，嗅觉但并没有直接或间接表达这种观点：食品的价值是通过专家的嗅觉客观判定。

A. 需要明确无误的味觉分类。酸，咸，辣就是味觉的分类。 B. 有关食品分子构成进行更多研究。文内也讲到有关分子电子态应进一步研究。 D. 温度是食品评价中的一个因素。文内只在第三段提到了“除了味觉，嗅觉外，口中食品还有其他许多种感觉成分，基本为疼，冷，

热，触碰以及震动感，鉴别力和地区性都可能起作用。“作者直接说明热是可能有作用的。

4. B. 听觉在食品评价中是一个重要因素。这在第三段内提到。除了味觉和嗅觉外，口中食品还会产生许多其它感觉。基本可分为痛，冷，热，触碰以及震动感，鉴别力和地区性都可能起作用。就像在吃脆硬或嘎嘎作响的食品时，听觉接受了来自牙齿骨操纵的震动刺激。在这方面，作者真确指出这种刺激需进行更多探讨研究，建议运用受各种听不见痛苦折磨的 病人作起点研究。众所周知，外部的噪声会改变分辨力和注意力。“这说明B. 听觉在食品评价中起着重要作用。是对的。

A. 聋子一般是内项的。 C. 他们在选择食品时很挑剔。 D. 各种物体都应当应用。都和本文无关。