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前后缀词根表(较完整版,供查阅)

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前缀、后缀、词根总结

英语单词构词法——前缀

1. 表示否定意义的前缀 (1) 纯否定前缀 前缀 a-, an- dis- in-, ig-, il-, im-, ir- ne-, n- non- un- (2) 表示错误的意义 前缀 male-, mal- mis- pseudo- 前缀 de- dis- un- 前缀 anti-, ant- contra-, contre-, contro- counter- ob-, oc-, of-, op-, with- 前缀 a- by- circum-, circu- de- en- ex-, ec-, es- extra- fore- in-, il- im-, ir- inter-, intel- intro- medi-, med-, mid- defend, demodulation (解调) disarm, disconnect unload, uncover 举例 antiknock (防震), antiforeign (排外的) contradiction, controflow (逆流) counteraction, counterbalance object, oppose, occupy withdraw, withstand 含义 在……之上、向…… 附近、邻近、边侧 周围、环绕、回转 在下、向下 在内、进入 外部、外 额外 在前面 向内、在内、背于 在……间,相互 向内、在内、内侧 中,中间 aboard, aside bypath, bypass circumstance, circuit descend, degrade encage, enbed exit, eclipse, expand, export extraction forehead, foreground inland, invade, inside, import international, interaction, introduce, Mediterranean, midposition 举例 mistake, mislead pseudonym (假名), pseudoscience 举例 举例 malfunction, maladjustment (失调) dishonest, dislike incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular none, neither, never nonsense unable, unemployment 举例 asymmetry (不对称), anhydrous (无水的) (3) 表示作的意思 (4) 表示相反、相互对立的意思 2. 表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀 out- over- post- pre- pro- 在上面,在外部,在外 在上面,在外部,向上 向后,在后面,次 在前,在前面 在前、向前 outline, outside, outward overlook, overhead, overboard postscript (附言), postgraduate prefix, preface, preposition progress, proceed subway, submarine, suppress, supplement suffix, sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, 在下面,下 sum-, sup-, sur-, sus- super-, sur- trans- under- up- 前缀 ante-, anti- ex- fore- mid-, medi- post- pre-, pri- pro- re- 前缀 by- extra- hyper- out- over- sub-, suc- super-, sur- under- vice- 前缀 com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- syn-, syl-, sym- 前缀 al- over- pan- 在……之上 移上,转上,在那一边 在……下面,下的 向上,向上面,在上 含义 先前,早于,预先 先、故、旧 在前面、先前、前面 中,中间 在后,后 在前、事先、预先 在前、先、前 再一次、重新 含义 副、次要的 超越、额外 超过、极度 超过、过分 超过、过度、太 次、低、副、亚 超过 低劣、低下 副、次 含义 共同、一起 同、共、和、类 含义 完整、完全 完全、全 全、总、万 superficial, surface, superstructure translate, transform, transoceanic underline, underground upward, uphold, uphill 举例 antecedent, anticipate ex-president, ex-husband foreword, foretell midnight, midsummer postwar preheat, prewar, prehistory prologue (序幕), prophet retell, rewrite 举例 byproduct extraordinary hypersonic, hypertension outdo (超过), outbid overeat, overdress, oversleep subeditor, subordinate, succession supernatural, superpower, surplus undersize, undergrown vice-president, vice-chairman 举例 combine, connect, coexist synthesis, sympathy 举例 alone, almost overall, overflow (充满) panentheism (泛神论), panorama (全景、概论) 3. 表示时间、序列关系的前缀 4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀 5. 表示共同、相等意思的前缀 6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀 7. 表示分离、离开意思的前缀 前缀 a-, ab-, abs- de- dis-, di-, dif- ex-, e- for- re- se- 前缀 dia- per-, pel- trans- 9. 表示加强意思的前缀 前缀 a- ad- 前缀 be- en- 含义 分离、离开 离去、除去 分离、离开 离开、分离 离开、脱离 离开 分离、隔离 含义 通过、横过 通、总、遍 横过、贯通 举例 arouse, ashamed adjoin, adhere (粘着) 举例 befriend (帮助、扶助) enslave, enable, enrich 举例 away, apart, abstract, abstain depart, decolour disarm, divorce expel, exclude, expatriate forgive, forget release, resolve separate, seduce, select 举例 diameter, diagram perfect, perform, pervade (浸透) transparent, transmit, transport 8. 表示通过、遍及意思的前缀 10. 表示变换此类作用的前缀 ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, ar-, as-, at- arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign 11. 表示数量关系的前缀 前缀 mono-, mon- ambi-, bi-, di- twi- deca-, deco-, dec-, deci- hecto-, hect-, centi- kilo- 含义 单一、一 二、两、双 十 百,百分之一 千、千分之一 举例 monotone, monopoly, monarch ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilight decade, decimals hectometer, centimeter kilometer myriametre, megabyte, microvolt multipmetre, polysyllable hemisphere, semiconductor, peninsula demiofiicial, semitransparent, myria-, myri-, mega, meg, 万、万分之一 micro- multi-, mult-, poly- 许多、复、多数 hemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, 半、一半 pen- 12. 表示特殊意义的前缀 前缀 arch- auto- bene- 含义 自己、、自动 善、福 举例 automobile, autobiography benefit 首位、第一的、主要的 architect, archbishop eu- male-, mal- macro- magni- micro- 13. 表示术语的前缀 前缀 aud- bio- ge- phon- tele- 优、美好 恶、不良 大、宏大 大 微 含义 听、声 生命、生物 地球、大地 声、音调 远离 eugenics (优生学), euphemism maltreatment, malodor macroscopic (宏观) magnificent microscope 举例 audience biography geography phonograph television, telephone 英语单词构词法——后缀

1. 名词后缀

(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人 后缀 -an, -ian -al -ant, -ent -ar -ard, -art -arian -ary -ate -ator -crat -ee -eer -er -ese -ess -eur -ian -ician -icist -ic -ie -ier -ine, -ina 含义 ……地方的人, 精通……的人 具有……职务的人 ……者 ……的人 做……的人 ……派别/主义的人, 从事……的人 具有……职责的人 做……的人 某种政体、主义的支持者 动作承受着 从事于……的人 举例 American, historian principal merchant, agent, servant, student scholar, liar coward, laggard, braggart humanitarian, vegetarian secretary, missionary candidate, graduate educator, speculator democrat, bureaucrat employee, examinee engineer, volunteer observer, Londoner, 从事某职业的人,某地区、banker, 地方的人 villager ……国人,……地方的人 阴性人称名词 ……家 ……地方人,信仰……教的人,从事……职业的人 精通者,……家 ……者,……师 爱称,指小 从事……职业 阴性人称 Japanese, Cantonese actress, hostess, manageress amateur, litterateur Christian, physician, musician electrician, magician, technician mechanic, critic diaries, auntie, lassie cavalier, clothier, brazier heroine, ballerina ……家,……者,……能手 physicist, phoneticist, technicist -ist -ive -logist -or -ster -yer 后缀 -acy -age -al -ance, -ence -ancy, -ency -bility -craft -cracy -cy -dom -ery, -ry -ety -faction, -facture -hood -ice -ine -ing -ion, -sion, -ation, -ition -ise -ism -ity -ment -mony -ness -or, -our -osity -ship 从事……研究者,信仰……主义者 动作者,行动者 ……学家,研究者 ……者 做……事情的人 从事……职业者 含义 性质、状态、境遇 pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist native, captive biologist, geologist author, doctor, operator youngerster, gamester, songster lawyer 举例 accuracy, diplomacy (2) 构成具有抽象名词的含义 状态、行为、身份及结果、courage, storage, marriage 总称 事物的动作、过程 表示具体的事物 refusal, arrival, survival, denial manual, signal, editorial, journal 性质、状态、行为、过程、endurance, importance, diligence, 总量、程度 difference, obedience 性质、状态、行为、过程 动作、性质、状态 工艺、技巧 统治、支配 性质、状态、职位、级别 等级、领域、状态 行为、状态、习性 性质、状态 作成,……化、作用 资格、身份、年纪、状态 行为、性质、状态 带有抽象概念 动作的过程,结果 -tion, 行为的过程、结果、状况 性质、状态 frequency, urgency, efficiency possibility, feasibility woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft bureaucracy, democracy bankruptcy, supremacy freedom, kingdom, wisdom bravery, bribery, rivalry variety, dubiety satisfaction, manufacture childhood, falsehood notice, justice, service medicine, discipline, famine building, writing, learning action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction exercise, merchandise 制度、主义、学说、信仰、socialism, criticism, colloquialism, 行为 heroism 性质、状态、程度 行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果 动作的结果、状态 性质、状态、程度 动作、性质、状态 动作、状态 情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业 purity, reality, ability, calamity treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument ceremony, testimony goodness, kindness, tiredness favor, error curiosity hardship, membership, friendship -th -tude -ure -y 后缀 -age -ary -ery, -ry -ory 后缀 -grapy -ic, -ics -ology -nomy -ery -y 后缀 -age -dom -hood -ry -ure 后缀 -ant, -ent -al -ar -er -ery -ing -ment (7) 表示“细小”的意思 后缀 -cle -cule -el -en -et -etta, -ette, -etto -kin 动作、性质、过程、状态 性质、状态、程度 行为、结果 行为的结果、状态、性质 含义 住所、地点 住所、场地 工作场所、饲养地、地点 工作场所、住处 含义 ……学,写法 ……学,……法 ……学,……论 ……学,……术 学科、学术 ……学,术,法 举例 baggage, tonnage newspaperdom depth, wealth, truth, length, growth latitude, altitude exposure, pressure, failure glory, history, inquiry 举例 village, cottage library, granary laundry, nursery, surgery factory, dormitory, laboratory 举例 biography, calligraphy, geography logic, mechanics, optics biology, zoology, technology astronomy, economy chemistry, cookery, machinery photography, philosophy (3) 带有场所、地方的含义 (4) 表示学术、科技含义 (5) 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义 neighbourhood, womanhood cavalry, ministry legislature, judicature 举例 solvent, constant signal, pictorial collar, pillar boiler, computer, washer, cooker drapery clothing, matting instrument, equipment, attachment 举例 particle molecule parcel chicken, maiden pocket, ticket cigarette napkin (6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义 -ling -let -y duckling booklet baby, doggy 2. 形容词后缀

(1) 带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义 后缀 -able, -ible -al -an, -ane -ant, -ent -ar -ary -ic, -atic, -ical -ine -ing -ish -ive -ory -il, -ile, -eel 后缀 -ish -esque -like -ly -some -y (3) 表示“充分的”含义 后缀 -ful -ous -ent 后缀 -en -ous -fic (5) 表示方向的含义 后缀 -ern -ward (6) 表示“倍数”的含义 后缀 举例 eastern, western downward, forward 举例 wooden, golden, woolen gaseous scientific 举例 beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful dangerous, generous, courageous, various violent 举例 boyish, childish picturesque manlike, childlike manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly troublesome, handsome milky, pasty 举例 movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible natural, additional, educational urban, suburban, republican distant, important, excellent similar, popular, regular military, voluntary politic, systematic, physical masculine, feminine, marine moving, touching, daring foolish, bookish, selfish active, impressive, decisive satisfactory, compulsory fragile, genteel 举例 (2) 表示“相像,类似”的含义 (4) 表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义 -ble -ple -fold (7) 表示“数量关系”的含义 后缀 -teen -ty -th 后缀 -an -ese -ish (9) 表示“比较程度”的含义 后缀 -er -ish -est -most (10) 其他的含义 后缀 -less

3. 动词后缀 后缀 -ize, -ise -en -fy -ish -ate 4. 副词后缀 后缀 -ly -ward, -wards -ways -wise

英语单词构词法——词根 词根 aer, ar ag, act, ig alt double, treble triple twofold, tenfold 举例 thirteen fifty fourth, fiftieth 举例 Roman, European Chinese English, Spanish 举例 greater reddish, yellowish highest foremost, topmost 含义 否定 举例 countless, stainless, wireless (8) 表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义 含义 做成,变成,……化 是成为,引起,使有 使……化,使成 使,令 成为……,处理,作用 举例 modernize, mechanize, organize quicken, weaken, soften, harden beautify, purify, intensify, signify finish, abolish, diminish, establish separate, operate, indicate 举例 possibly, swiftly, simply downward, inwards, upward always, sideways otherwise, clockwise 含义 空气,大气 做,动作 高 aeroplane, aerial 举例 active, agent, reaction altitude alter, altern, altr bio, bi, bion brev, bri, brief cap, capt, cept, cip ced, ceed, cess centr clain, clam clos, clud col, cult cor, cord curr, cur, cour dic, dict doc, doct duc, duct fact, fac, fect, dic, dit fend, fens fer fin, finit firm fix flect, flex flor, flour, flower form forc, fort gen, genit gram, graph grad, gress, gred, gree hab, habit, hibit her, hes ject, jet jour jug, junct labour, labor lect, leg, lig lif, liv loc long, leng, ling loqu, locut mand, mend man, manu memor, member mind, ment merc, merch 其他,变更 生物,生命 短 取,获 行,让步 中心 呼喊 闭合 耕耘 心 跑,动作 说,示 教 引导、传导 做,创造 打,击 搬运,转移 终、极 坚固 固定 弯曲 花 形 力,强度 生产,发生 书写,记录 步,阶段 保持,住 粘附 抛射 日,一天 结合,连合 劳动,工作 挑选,采集 生活,生存 场所,位置 长的 说话 命令 手,手法 记忆 心 贸易 alternate biology, bionics brief, abbreviation, abridge capture, except, concept, capacity proceed, succeed, excess concentrate, eccentric claim, proclaim, exclaim conclude, enclose, include colony, cultivate, agriculture cordial, record, accord current, occur, concurrence dictate, edit, indicate, predict doctor, document introduce, produce, conduct factory, effect, profit, faculty defense, offence ferry, transfer, defer final, finish, confine firm, confirm, affirm prefix, affix flexible, reflex flower, flourish uniform, formula, transform, reform force, enforce, effort generate, generation telegram, diagram, photograph gradually, degree, progress inhabit, exhibit, prohibit adhere, cohesion project, inject journal, adjourn, journey conjunction, junction labourer, elabourate, collaborate collect, select, lecture life, alive location, dislocate length, prolong, linger colloquial, eloquent command, demand, recommend manage, manual memory, remember, memorial mind, remind, mental commerce, merchant meas, mens, meter, 测量,度量 metr min miss, mit mob, mot, mov nect, nex not onom, onym pair, par pel, puls pend, pens, poud phon plac peopl, popul, publ port press prob, proof, prov quer, quest, quir, quis rang, rank rect, right, rig riv rupt sci scrib, script sens, sent sign sembl, simil soci spec, spect, spitc, spis struct tect, teg temp, tens tend, tes, tent test text tract, trail tribut us, ut vac, van vad, vas, wad vers, vert vid, vis, vey, view 小 派遣,送 动 捆扎 记号,注意 名字 相同,对等 准备 追逐 悬挂 声音 位置,场所 人民,民众 搬运 压,压制 实验,验证 寻找,探问 排列 正,直 河流,流远 破坏,毁坏 认识,知识 书写,记录 感觉,情感 标记,符号 相似,类似 结合,社交 看,视 建筑,构造 遮蔽,掩盖 时间,时机 倾向,伸张 证明,证实 编织,构成 拖拉,吸引 给予 用,使用 空,虚 走,去 旋转,反转 观看,看见 measure, meter, diameter diminish, minority mission, dismiss, transmit, missile movement, motion, mobile, remove connect, disconnect, annex note, denote, annotation synonym, autonym, anonymous compare prepare expel, impel depend, independent, expense symphony, telephone, microphone place, replace public, republic, popular, people export, import, deport pressure, express, oppress, impression prove, approve inquiry, question, inquisition arrange, rank correct, direct, erect river, arrive, derive eruption, bankrupt, corruption science, conscious describe, script sensation, sentiment signal, signature, design similar, resemble, assimilate social, association inspect, spectator, conspicuous structure, construct, instruct detect, protect tense, contemporary, temporal tendency, intension, extend, intend testify, protest, contest textile, texture, context attract, tractor, abstract, contract contribution, distribute usable, utilize, abuse vacancy, vanity, evacuate invade, wade, evade convert, inversion, reverse, divert television, visible, evident, interview, survey viv, vit war, ward way

生,活 注意,保护 路 vivid, vital, survival aware, wary, ward way, away, subway, always

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