Tens

[Conventional]

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Aim to stimulate laree diameter nerve fibres and avoid small diameter nerve fibres Frequency 80-200 Hz PD: short

Intensity : comfortable ( pain gate control) Start with 30 min increase to hours

[Acupuncture]

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Low frequency, high intensity tens, placed over acupuncture points Frequency lower than 10 Hz PD long 200+

High intensity tolerable ( endorphin release ) 30min max

[Intense]

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High frequency, high intensity, use to active smaller a delta fibers Freq 200 Hz Pd long 200+

Intensity tolerable ( endorphin release) 15 min max

[Therapeutic use]

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Pain relief

Muscle stimulation]

[Precaution]

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Circulatory insufficiency Allodynia/hyperalgesia

Exacerbation of existing conditions Unable to communicate Sensory loss

Contact dermatitis – allergy Autonomic reactions

Operating hazardous equipment

[Contraindications]

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Over an inbuilt stimulator i.e. cardiac pacemaker Transthoracic applications

Over the pelvis in a pregnant uterus. Epilepsy

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Malignancy or undiagnosed pain Non-adherent patients Cardiovascular problems Dermatological conditions

Inappropriate electrode positions i.e. testes, eyes,