一、单项选择被动语态
1.The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A.treated B.were treated C.would treat D.would be treated 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查时态和语态的用法。句意:在旅馆里客人被对待的方式影响他们对服务的评价。the guests ___ in the hotel是定语从句U,修饰The way,treat是从句的谓语动词,The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系,并且动作已经发生,所以用一般过去时的被动形式。故选B。
2.Her own story ________ and this book is expected to come out next week. A.had been written B.has been written C.had written D.has written 【答案】B 【解析】
句意:她自己的故事已经被写出来了,这部书有望下周出版。由句意可知,应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。
3.—Do you know why a meeting by the middle school teachers last Sunday? —To demand smaller classes of no more than 25 to 30 students in each class. A.was held B.had been held C.has held D.held 【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。meeting是hold逻辑上的宾语,故用被动语态,再由时间状语last Sunday可知用一般过去时。故选A。句意:——你知道为什么上星期日中学老师召开会议吗?——要求更小班,每个班不超过25-30个学生。
4.--- Why don't we choose that road to save time? --- The bridge to it . A.has repaired C.is being repaired 【答案】C 【解析】
考查时态和语态。句意为:——我们为什么不选那条路以节省时间呢?——通往那条路的
B.is repaired D.will be repaired
桥正在维修。桥正在被维修,故用现在进行时的被动语态。 答案: C
5.Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then. A.will take B.will be taken C.have taken D.have been taken 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:请在星期一穿上你最好的衣服,因为那时你们班将拍照。根据语境可知,动作发生在将来,并且是被动,故用一般将来时态的被动语态。故选B。
6.Local governments to strengthen water transport safety management recent fatal accidents.
A.are urging, followed B.are being urged, following C.are urged, to follow D.urge, being followed 【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意:最近接连发生的致命事故敦促地方政府加强水路运输安全管理。urge sb. to do sth.,为固定搭配。 “敦促某人做某事”。分析句意可知是事故促使政府加强管理。因此政府与敦促是被动关系,故A与D是错误的。事件已发生了故不能用to follow作定语, following,后面的,其次的,下列的。因此要用B。
7.Various efforts ________ in the past decades to protect the environment. A.had made B.have made C.were made D.have been made 【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的几十年里,为保护环境做出了各种努力。根据in the past decades可知句子用现在完成时态,efforts是句子主语,复数形式,和谓语动词make之间是被动关系,所以此处用现在完成时态的被动语态,故答案为D。
8.Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce.
A.was served B.will serve C.is served D.served 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意:通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句子说的是一般情况,要用一般现在时态;句子主语Beijing Roast Duck是单数第三人称,和谓语动词serve之间是被动关系,所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态,故答案为C。
9.Peter is helping set tables in the hall, where John’s birthday party ________.
A.is holding B.has held C.is held D.will be held 【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:皮特正在帮着在大厅里放桌子,约翰的生日晚会将在这里举行。根据前面语境正在放桌子,可知现在party还没举行,马上将要举行,“生日晚会”与“举行”之间是被动关系,故选D。
10.8 students and 2 teachers at Santa Fe High School by a 17-year-student armed with a shotgun and a pistol. This is one of the many gun-related tragedies that have happened in the last 2 years.
A.killed B.were killed C.have killed D.have been killed 【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:在圣塔菲高中,一名17岁的学生手持猎枪和一把手枪,在圣塔菲高中杀害了8名学生和2名教师。8 students and 2 teachers是句子主语,复数形式,和kill之间是被动关系,再根据in the last 2 years.可知这是最近两年发生的与枪有关的事故之一,可知这是在讲过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,故答案为B。
11.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】
考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修饰two tourists,two tourists和trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。
点睛:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,其表达形式为had done,被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
12.Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he by lightning.
A.was just struck B.were just struck C.would just be struck D.had just been struck 【答案】D 【解析】
【详解】
考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意:威尔斯先生被扶上了讲台,接受了这个奖项,他看起来就像是被闪电击中了一样。此处as if(好像)引导方式状语从句,用虚拟语气,与过去的事实相反,用过去完成时态,且主语he和strike之间是被动关系,故答案为D。
13.Every means ______, but none proved ______. A.have tried; a success B.have been tried; successfully C.has tried; to be successful D.has been tried; successful 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】
考查主谓一致。means是单复数同形的名词,单复数取决于修饰词,这句话means用every修饰,说明是单数,谓语用单数,而且means和try是被动关系,用has been tried,第二空的prove是连系动词,后面接形容词做表语。句意:每种办法都被尝试过了,但没有一个证明是成功的。选D。
14.—The manager has come back from his business trip. He is asking you for the report. — Oh,my god ! I haven’t finished it yet. But he ________ back at the company tomorrow. A.was expected C.expected 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:考查时态和语态。句意:——经理出差回来了。他正在问你要报告。——哦,天哪,我还没完成呢。但是本来预计他明天回公司。根据语境,是过去预料他明天会回来,而且经理是被预计,故用一般过去时的被动。故选A。
【名师点睛】时态的考查要根据本句的句意,这句话一定要根据上下文判断动作发生的时间,要细心体会语境。还要注意时态语态。 考点:考查时态和语态
B.will expect D.will be expected
15.The film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person, named Oskar Schindler A.inspired B.prompted C.rised D.insured 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查过去分词。A. inspired鼓舞;B. prompted引起,提示;C. rised上升;D. insured确保。句意:电影《辛德勒的名单》的灵感来自一个真实的人,名叫奥斯卡·辛德勒。结合句意可知此处用被动语态,故答案为A。
16.People believe that the China Dream is not very difficult ________ so long as the whole nation works hard for it. A.realizing C.realized 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查固定句型和语态。句意:人们相信只要全国人民一起努力中国梦不难实现。be difficult to do 结构中,若主语与其后的不定式为动宾关系,那么该不定式习惯上要用主动形式表示被动意义。如:She was difficult to understand at times. 有时候她很不容易理解。能用于此结构的形容词主要有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, unpleasant等。这类结构的特点是句子主语必须是其后不定式的逻辑宾语。故选D。
B.to be realized D.to realize
17.Please don’t stand up in class until you ______. A.were told to C.are told to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查省略句。句意:直到有人叫你站起来,你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉,但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。分析句子可知,本句为一般现在时。故C选项正确。 【点睛】 to代替不定式
在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉,但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。to代替不定式,常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try,tell等动词连用。
注意:如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been,一般要保留be, have或have been。 本句还原为:Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to stand up。省略句为:Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to 。故C选项正确。
B.are told D.were told
18.After completing the training, I, together with my classmates, ____ to the town that was far from the city. A.were sent 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
B.was sent
C.have been sent
D.has been sent
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:完成了训练,我和我的同学被送往了远离城市的一个小镇。together with(和)符合就远原则,故现在只看主语I,是单数;根据下文的was判断为一般过去时,send和主语I之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态,即一般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数,故用was sent,故选B项。 【点睛】
本题考查就远原则,即谓语动词的形式和前面的那部分主语保持一致。常见的符合就远原则的词或短语有:as well as;(together/along/combined) with; rather than; except; besides; but; including; in addition to; apart from;instead of等 例如:
1. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.除了这两个学生,没有人在教室。 2. Everybody except you is down on me.除了你,大家都看不起我。 3. A woman with two children has come.一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。 4. John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备。
19.By the end of last year, another new hospital __________ in our city. A.would complete C.was completed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查时态及语态。句意:去年年底为止,我们这座城市又建了一个新的医院。句中有by the end of表示“到…为止”如果后面接过去的时间,句子要用过去完成时。本句中by the end of last year,by后是过去的时间状语,句子要用过去完成时,故选D。 【点睛】
By表示时间,意为“到......时为止”;该词经常与完成时连用。如果后接by后面是现在的时间,句中就使用现在完成时;如果by后面是过去的时间状语,就使用过去完成时;如果后面是将来的时间,就使用将来完成时。
By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words. 到他十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语
By 2012the population of this city will have risen to 20 millon. 到2020年,这个城市的人口将增至二千万。
By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting. 当简到家时,她的姑妈已经动身去伦敦参加一个会议了
B.would be completed D.had been completed
20.You’d better communicate with each other sincerely, and I hope to see your conflict ________ tomorrow. A.was to be solved C.will have been solved 【答案】C
B.has been solved D.had been solved
【解析】 【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:你们彼此之间最好真诚地沟通,我希望明天你们的冲突能得到解决。由时间状语tomorrow可知,此处应用将来时,conflict和solve之间为被动关系。因此C项的将来完成时符合语境,表示在将来某一时间以前(明天结束之前)已经完成的动作。故选C项。
21.The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later. A.were put 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】
B.was put
C.put
D.has put
【详解】
考查被动语态。句意:给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上,但是直到三天以后他才读了那些信。letter“信件”和put“放”之间是被动的关系,所以排除C和D,然后因为letters是复数,谓语动词用were put, 故选A。
22.It is ______ that the financial crisis is disappearing in some countries. A.reported 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查被动语态。句意:据报道,金融危机正在一些国家消退。句中It为形式主语,that引导的从句为主语从句,是真正的主句的主语,所缺词为主句谓语动词,主语与动词report是逻辑上的动宾关系,是动作的接受者,所以用被动语态。故选A。
B.to report
C.reporting
D.being reported
23.The coach, together with his players, __________ to the party held last Friday night, aiming to celebrate their win in the match. A.was invited 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查主谓一致与一般过去时的被动语态。句意:这个教练,和他的队员一起,被邀请去参加上周五晚上举行的聚会,目的是庆祝他们赢得比赛。根据句中的“last Friday night(上周五晚上)”可知,这句话应使用一般过去时。句子主语为The coach,为第三人称单数形式,“together with…”介词词组作主语的伴随状语,不能算作主语,所以谓语动词应与The
B.were invited
C.has been invited
D.have been invited
coach保持一致。故选A。 【点睛】
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与它的主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。简单来讲,即在英语组词成句的过程中,主语的人称、数、格发生了变化,谓语也必须跟着变化,保证主语和谓语之间关系的协调一致。在英语语法中,这属于基本的知识点。主谓一致要遵循三个原则,语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。其中语法一致原则指的是主语是单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也是复数形式。当than,with,as well as,along with,together with,like,rather than,except,not,but,including,plus,besides,in addition to等加名词或代词结构在主语后面时,谓语不受这些短语影响,须和其前的主语一致。这属于语法一致原则中的一种情况。例如本题中使用了together with结构,所以句子的谓语动词与主语the coach保持一致。
24.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I_____the cloth_____well. A.have told;washed C.have been told;washed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查时态及语态句意:我想买这种布,因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗。“我”和“告诉”是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,强调对现在的影响,所以需用完成时态的被动语态;一些动词wash,lock,sell,wear,read,open,shut,clean等,如果主语如果是物,且表示主语的特性或品质时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。the cloth washes well是指“这种布料很好洗”就是说明这种布料的特征的,应使用一般现在时。故选B。
B.have been told;washes D.was told;washes
25.—Why didn’t you attend the assembly this morning? —But I ________ anything about that. A.didn’t tell 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:——你为什么没有参加今天早上的集会?——没人告诉我。主语I和tell之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态,又“没有告诉”的动作发生在今天早上之前,即过去之过去,故用过去完成时的被动语态,即had been done,故选C项。
B.haven’t told
C.hadn’t been told
D.haven’t been told
26.They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult _______. A.to solve 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
B.solved
C.to be solved
D.solving
考查非谓语动词。句意:他们意识到泰德提出的问题很难解决。结合短语be difficult to do sth.“难以;很难……”后跟不定式,且在此结构中,若主语与其后的不定式为动宾关系,那么该不定式习惯上要用主动形式表示被动意义。故用to solve形式。故选A。
27.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they_____ before leaving their hometowns. A.promised C.have promised 【答案】D 【解析】
句意为:每年大量农民工涌入深圳,去寻找他们离乡前别人给他们许诺的挣钱的工作。此处农民工是“被许诺工作”,需用被动语态,故排除A和C两项;B项仅表一般过去时的被动;D项表示“已经被许诺”,故选D。
B.were promised D.have been promised
28.The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm. A.should have avoided C.could have avoided 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查“情态动词+完成式”。句意:如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静,这起导致15人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。could have done“本来能做而没有做”,且句子主语The accident和谓语动词avoid之间是被动关系,结合句意可知答案为D。 【点睛】
情态动词+ have done结构:
1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句。如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱。如:He can't have finished the work so soon. 3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could。如:They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余。如:I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些。如: You ought to / should have studied harder. 你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有) He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that. 他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)
B.should be avoided D.could have been avoided
6.“would + have + 过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。如:
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem. Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
29.His sister left home in 1998, and_________________ since. A.had not been heard of C.had not heard of 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:考查时态:句意:他的妹妹在1998年离家,至今杳无音讯”。 And前用过去式表示她1998年离家这一事实,而and后用has not been heard of表示从1998到现在这一段时间的状态。现在完成时表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,而且his sister和hear of是被动关系,选B。 考点:考查时态
B.has not been heard of D.has not heard of
30.Many subway stations, including the one near our school, ________ at present for a better transport in the city.
A.are constructing B.are being constructed C.is constructing D.is being constructed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:许多地铁站,包括我们学校附近的地铁站,目前正在建设中,以便有更便利的交通。此处表示动作正在进行,句中主语Many subway stations和动词construct是被动关系,所以此处用现在进行时的被动,与主语一致,故选B. 【点睛】
现在进行时的被动结构:be + being+过去分词
A number of Dongfeng trucks are being shipped abroad.一批东风卡车正被运往国外。 1)“be being done” 中的动词be应随主语作相应的变化。
2)将现在进行时的主动语态变为现在进行时的被动语态的关键是:把be doing变为be being done.
例1. The students are cleaning the classroom now. →The classroom is being cleaned now. 现在学生们正在打扫教室。 (are cleaning变为is being cleaned) 例2. The boy is counting some sheep. →Some sheep are being counted. 那男孩正在数羊。 (is counting 变为 are being counted)
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