电子商务面临的挑战

电子商务面临的挑战

ABSTRACT. The main objective of this paper is to explore and describe the type and location of e-commerce transitions, opportunities for new commercial arrangements for transactions , participants and constraints in the e-commerce environment,the strategic impact of e-commerce on an organization, and the use of the Internet and its successors for e-commerce.The paper generates insights about the fundamentals of e-commerce fraud-prevention techniques, commercial fraud-prevention services, key elements of an e-commerce performance improvement system, the effectiveness of e-commerce system, and the security requirements for e-commerce. These findings are consistent with a number of prior observations.

Keywords: e-commerce environment, Internet, transaction, market conditions

1.Introduction

In the present paper, we focus on the advent of electronic commerce and the internet, the security and certainty of electronic commerce, the regulation of electronic commerce, legal problems arising through the use of electronic commerce, and the eruption of the law of electronic commerce. The mainstay of the paper is formed by an analysis of the development of e-commerce services in response to changes in market needs, the adoption of the Internet for e-commerce, changes in supply chain management introduced by e-

commerce, the international dissemination of e-commerce, and the advent of electronic commerce. The findings of this study have implications for the regulation of the electronic commerce environment, the dramatic rise in electronic commerce, the global internet commerce system, the development of shared policy on electronic commerce procedures, and transparency in electronic commerce. The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of the emergence of m-commerce, the evolution of e-commerce on the Internet, the development of e-commerce applications, the concepts and relationships of the e-commerce domain, and the infrastructures of internet-based e-commerce applications. This paper begins to fill this gap by exploring the globalization enabled by e-commerce, the importance of fulfilment in achieving e-commerce success, the dynamics of international commerce, changes in market conditions as a result of e-commerce, and the suitability of the Internet for e-commerce. The objective of this paper is to emphasize the role of governments in promoting e-commerce, challenges of managing e-commerce, the role of government organizations in promoting and regulating e-commerce, the growing importance of e-commerce, and the potential for further growth in e-commerce.

2. The Development of E-commerce Services in Response to Changes in Market Needs

Montague claims that e-commerce refers to the sale of goods and services online. The e-commerce space is showing significant year-over-year growth. Credit cards are the dominant players in e-commerce transactions. Encrypted digital signatures are widely used in e-commerce and regulatory filings.1 On Feigenbaum

et al.’s reading, the increase in e-commerce has coincided with an erosion of consumer privacy.2 Hinz and Eckert say that search and recom- mendation tools play a crucial role in e-commerce: the consumer can easily scan huge assortments with the help of search technology.3 Davidson points out that the development of security protocols has aided the expansion of electroni ccommerce. Public key cryptology has revolutionized electronic commerce, and parties must consider the risks of electronic commerce. Electronic commerce raises questions regarding security of transactions, standards and protection in an international context. Forms of etiquette emerge in social and commercial situations, and commercial parties have at their disposal numerous methods of communication virtually.Importantly, this means that the majority of electronic commercial situations can be resolved using existing legal principles. Davidson argues that the operation of electronic commerce in cyberspace results in new circumstances. Crimes involving electronic commerce involve the use of computers

and

telecommunications.Trade

organizations

recognize

the

significance of the electronic commerce revolution and the need to provide rules and guidance.

Electronic commerce is inherently transborder.4 Bruce et al. insist that the rapid growth in e-commerce affects state and

local economies. The development of digital technologies and e-commerce has had profound effects on the U.S economy. The greatest implications of e-commerce have been on the ways that businesses work with each other.5 Carr focuses on use of electronic data interchange for commercial transactions.

Electronic communications are an inevitable part of modern day commerce. The Internet provides a ready platform for commerce to flourish. Carr notes that self-regulation should be the guiding force in the e-commerce arena, and e-commerce uses a variety of communicative techniques. International commerce is dependent on information technology, and a legal framework to facilitate e-commerce is essential. “The global significance of e-commerce is a fact, and it is important that divergent approaches to legislation and the

resulting uncertainties do not curtail the growth of e-commerce.”6 Carr insists that criminalization of computer misuse reduces commercial risks or dangers. The lack of a uniform liability regime for multimodal transportation affects commerce.“The late 1990s witnessed the electronic commerce explosion widely predicted to be a vital contributor to global economic growth.Along with other legal issues, such as recognition of digital signatures and electronic bills of lading, providing arbitration online caught the imagination of information technology lawyers and the net community.”7

3. The Growing Importance of E-commerce

Blanco-Fernández observes that the evolution of information technologies consolidates recommender systems as essential tools in e-commerce. “Tradi- tional recommender systems do not fully meet the needs of e-commerce settings in which the users are not focused on the kind of items that may be offered to them.”8 Du and Ruan claim that it is a challenge for the

proliferation of electronic commerce services to provide performance guarantees under extreme overload: an electronic commerce server may be simulated as a multi-tank system. The electronic commerce servers are a complex and vital

resource for many critical business applications. “When the electronic com- merce server dynamics are complex and poorly modeled, or when the performance specifications are particularly stringent, no solution is forthcoming.

High-performance electronic commerce server should undergo drastic changes in their application. It cannot be modeled as a constant and handled by constant-gain feedback control.”9 Chircu et al. assert that new technologies for electronic commerce on the Internet have changed the spectrum of possibilities for making transactions in the marketplace.10 Barnes et al. contend that e-commerce businesses need to pay attention to the content of

their Web sites. “Established organizations with successful e-commerce offerings may tend to be mature users who have embraced the Internet whole- heartedly rather than as a bolt-on to their current organizational form, i.e. they pursue advanced levels of process integration.”11 Barnes and Scornavacca emphasize that mobile e-commerce (m-commerce) allows e-commerce busi- nesses to expand beyond the traditional limitations of the fixed-line personal computer. M-commerce is a powerful way to communicate with customers.

M-commerce applications are device and carrier dependent. The boom in e-commerce applications is due to the widespread use of PCs. the delivery of m-commerce applications relies on private wireless communications carriers. Mobile databases are a primary factor of m-commerce success.12

According to Hunaiti et al., e-commerce has led to many of the in- novations in business practice. “The most important benefit of e-commerce to society is that it keeps people in their homes, which reduces the risk of traffic accidents and cuts pollution by reducing traffic on the roads.”13 Gkout- zinis puts it that the contribution of electronic commerce to international

economic integration is substantial. The value of e-commerce in financial services lies in the power that it affords to consumers. “The benefits generated by cross-border electronic commerce in financial services justify bold insti- tutional reforms with the overarching objective to achieve legalcertainty, less but more efficient regulation and regulatory competition.”14

Bloomfield and Fischer consider how disagreement influences the cost of capital: it influences the cost of capital by altering the investors’ ability to predict subsequent prices. Different forms of disagreement have different effects on the cost of capital. The steady-state quality of disclosure has off- setting effects on the cost of capital. “Aggregation can result in a lower cost of capital if its primary effect is to thwart perceived errors of commission. Disclosures that provide information about periods further in the

future reduce the cost of capital, regardless of the nature of disagreement, by reducing the

present value of the variance-increasing effects of uncertainty resolution and perceived commission errors.”15

4. The Advantages of Electronic Commerce to Commercial Parties

Chaffey states that management of e-commerce involves prioritizing buy-side and sell-side activities. E-commerce is a subset of e-business. Business adoption of e-commerce is driven by benefits to different parts of their

organization. E-commerce refers to both informational and financial transactions through digital media. For consumer e-commerce, the Internet is important in identifying online suppliers.“Effective e-commerce requires a delicate balance to be struck between the benefits the individual customer will gain to their online experience through providing personal information and the amount and type of information that they are prepared for companies to hold about them.”16

What is important here is that online shopping through transactional e-commerce can have environment benefits, while developing a new e-commerce strategy can be a daunting experience. According to Chaffey, e-commerce provides new opportunities for the marketer to vary the marketing mix. The low-value, high-volume orders are suitable for e-commerce transactions.

E-commerce servers are tailored to the needs of site owners running an e-commerce store, while a contribution to business profitability is the ultimate aim of e-commerce. “Delivering service quality in e-commerce can be assessed through reviewing existing frameworks for determining levels of service quality. Those most frequently used are based on the concept of a ‘service-quality gap’ that exists between the customers’ expected level of service (from previous experience and word-of-mouth communication) and

their perception of the actual level of service delivery.”17

5. Conclusions

The current study has extended past research by elucidating the potential of global e-commerce, the growing phenomena of global e-commerce, the utilization of the web among multinational organizations, the importance of electronic commerce in the provision of financial services, and international governance of cross-border electronic commerce. The overall results provide strong evidence for the advantages of electronic commerce to commercial parties, the mind share in e-commerce business, the natural growth of Internet commerce, the rise of the e-commerce world, and the emergence of e-com-

merce. The goal of the present study was to determine if there are relation- ships between organizational structures for e-commerce, types of organizational structures for e-commerce, the benefits of e-commerce, challenges of managing e-commerce within an organization, and challenges of implementing

and managing e-commerce. This paper has provided a literature review on the growth of mobile e-commerce, traditional Internet-based commercial activities,the nature and trend of m-commerce applications, the rapid growth of e-commerce, and the effects of m-commerce in the business-to-consumer value

chain. The current study set out to identify the global nature of e-commerce, the positive effects of e-commerce for the economy, the transnational charac- acter of electronic commerce, the Internet as an information and communi- cations medium, and the information technology (IT) revolution in the form of the Internet.

REFERENCES

1. Montague, David A. (2011), Essentials of Online Payment Security and Fraud Prevention. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

2. Feigenbaum, Joan, David C. Parkes, and David M. Pennock (2009),

“Computational Challenges in E-Commerce,” Communications of the ACM 52(1): 70–74.

3. Hinz, Oliver, and Jochen Eckert (2010), “The Impact of Search and Recommendation Systems on Sales in Electronic Commerce,” Business and Information Systems Engineering 2(2): 67–77.

4. Davidson, Alan (2009), The Law of Electronic Commerce. New York: Cambridge University Press.

5. Bruce, Donald, William F. Fox, and LeAnn Luna (2009), “State and Local Government Sales Tax Revenue Losses from Electronic Commerce,” State Tax Notes 52(7): 537–558.

6. Carr,Indira (2010), International Trade Law, 4thed. New York: Routledge, 136.

7. Ibid., 3.

8. Blanco-Fernández, Yolanda, Martín López-Nores, José J. Pazos-Arias, and

Manuela I. Martín-Vicente (2009), “Automatic Generation of Mashups for Personalized Commerce in Digital TV by Semantic Reasoning,”in Tommaso Di Noia and Fran-

cesco Buccafurri (eds.), Proceedings of the E-Commerce and Web

Technologies, 10th International Conference, EC-Web 2009, Linz, September 1–4. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer, 142.

9. Du, Bing, and Chun Ruan (2009), “Real-Time Robust Adaptive Modeling and Scheduling for an Electronic Commerce Server,” [8], 206.

10. Chircu, Alina M., Robert J. Kauffman and Bin Wang (2007), “Beyond the ‘eBay of Blank’: Next Stage Digital Intermediation in Electronic Commerce,” in Stuart Barnes (ed.), E-Commerce and V-Business Digital Enterprise in the Twenty-First Century, 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann,Oxford-Burlington, MA, 43–78.

11. Barnes, Stuart, Eduard Cristóbal, Frederic Marimon, and Richard Vidgen (2007), “Assessing E-commerce Quality,” [10], 117.

12. Barnes, Stuart, and Eusebio Scornavacca (2007), “The Emergence of Mobile Commerce,” [10], 157–178.

13. Ziad Hunaiti, Ra’ed (Moh’d Taisir) Masa’deh, Mohammed Mansour, and Ahmad Al-Nawafleh (2009), “Electronic Commerce Adoption

Barriers in Small and

Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Developing Countries: The Case of Libya,” Ibima Business Review 2(5): 38.

14. Gkoutzinis, Apostolos (2006), Internet Banking and the Law in Europe: Regulation, Financial Integration and Electronic Commerce. New York: Cambridge University Press, 82.

15. Bloomfield, Robert, and Paul E. Fischer (2011), “Disagreement and the Cost of Capital,” Journal of Accounting Research 49(1): 43.

16. Chaffey, Dave (2009), E-business and E-commerce Management: Strategy, Implementation, and Practice, 4th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall, 210.

17. Ibid., 536.

© Nataliţa Maria Sperdea et al.

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摘要。本文的主要目的是探讨和描述的类型电子商务和位置的过渡，新的机会的商业

安排交易，参与者和在电子商务的环境，电子商务对组织战略的影响，并利用互联网和其继任者为电子商务。本文产生的见解的基础电子商务舞弊防范技术，商业舞弊防范服务，关键要素，一个电子商务绩效改进系统，有效性电子商务系统，电子商务和安全要求。这些调查结果是符合了一些以前的意见。

关键词：电子商务环境下，网络，交易，市场条件

1 简介

在本文中，我们侧重于电子商务的出现和网络，安全、可靠的电子商务，调节电子商务，法律问题，通过使用电子商务，萌出与电子商务法。支柱该文件是由一个分析电子商务的发展服务响应变化的市场需求，通过互联网电子商务，供应链管理的变化，介绍了—国际贸易，电子商务的出现和传播，电子商务。这项研究的结果产生影响的规例的电子商务环境，大幅上升电子商务，全球互联网商务系统，开发共享对电子商务程序，和透明度电子商务。本文的目的是深入下—站的出现，移动电子商务，电子商务的发展互联网的发展，电子商务的应用，概念和关系的电子商务领域，基于互联网的电子商务应用和基础设施。本文开始填补这一差距的探讨全球化使电子商务，必须履行实现电子商务的成功，动态的国际商务，在市场条件的变化，由于电子商务，和适宜性互联网的电子商务。本文的目的是强调的作用，推进电子商务，管理的挑战电子商务，的作用组织在促进和调节电子商务，电子商务日益增长的重要性，以及潜在的在电子商务的进一步发展。

2。电子商务的发展服务

响应变化的市场需求蒙塔古称，电子商务是指商品的销售和服务在线。电子商务空间呈现出明显的增长率。信用卡在电子商务交易的优势。加密的数字签名是广泛应用于电子

商务和管理文件。1论费根鲍姆等人的阅读，增加电子商务相吻合侵蚀消费者的隐私权。2欣茨和埃克特说，搜索和建议—mendation工具发挥关键作用，在电子商务：消费者可以很容易扫描巨大的品种与帮助的搜索技术。3戴维森点公司开发出具有辅助安全协议扩展电子商务。公钥密码具有性的电子商业，和必须考虑的风险，电子商务。电子的—电子商务有关的问题提出了交易的安全，标准和保护的国际背景。礼仪形式出现在社会及商业情况，和商业当事人在他们的处置许多方法的传播几乎。重要的是，这就意味着大多数电子商务情况可以解决使用现有的法律原则。戴维森认为，经营电子商务网络的结果在新的情况。犯罪涉及电子商务涉及使用计算机和电信。贸易组织承认的意义电子商务和需要提供的规则和指导。电子商务是内在的跨界。4布鲁斯等人。坚持快速增长的影响，电子商务当地经济。数字技术的发展和电子商务有深远影响的美国经济。最大的影响电子商务的方式，企业已与对方。5卡尔重点使用电子数据交换的商业交易。电子通讯是一个不可避免的一部分现代商业。互联网提供了一个平台，商业繁荣的准备。卡尔笔记自律是指导在电子商务领域，和电子商务使用各种交际技巧。国际电子商务是对信息技术的依赖，和法律框架促进电子商务是必不可少的。“全球电子商务的意义是一个事实，而且重要的是，不同的方法和立法由此产生的不确定性不减少，电子商务的发展。”6卡尔坚持对低商业风险或滥用电脑危险的。缺乏一个统一的多式联运责任制度影响商业。“上世纪90年代见证了电子商务车—爆破广泛预测是一个重要的贡献，全球经济增长。与其他法律问题，如识别数字签名和电子提单仲裁，提供网上引起了想象力信息技术的律师和网络社区。”7

3。日益重要的电子商务

blanco-fernández指出，信息技术的发展巩固的重要工具，在电子商务推荐系统。“传统—传统推荐系统不能完全满足电子商务的需要设置在用户不集中的一种物品可能提供给他们。”8杜与阮声称它是一个挑战的增殖电子商务服务提供履约担保下极端负荷：

一个电子商务服务器可以模拟像多容器系统。电子商务是一个复杂和重要资源对许多关键业务的应用。“当电子组件—商务服务器动态复杂和难以模仿的，或当每—性能要求特别严格，没有解决问题的方法。高性能电子商务服务器应该进行剧烈的变化在他们的应用。它不能被建模为一个恒定的处理恒定增益反馈控制。”9chircu等人。断言，新技术电子商务与互联网已经改变了频谱可能使交易市场。10巴尼斯等人。认为电子商务企业需要注意的内容他们的网站。“建立组织成功的电子商务提供—患者可能会成熟的用户谁已接受互联网整体—服务而不是为一个螺栓他们目前的组织形式，即他们追求先进水平的一体化进程。”11巴尼斯和scornavacca强调，移动电子商务（移动商务）允许电子商务业务—心扩大超出了传统的，固定的个人电脑类。移动商务是一个功能强大的方式与客户沟通。移动商务应用的设备和运营商依赖。在电子商务应用的繁荣是由于广泛使用电脑。交货移动商务的应用依赖于专用无线通信运营商。移动数据库是一个主要因素，行动商务成功。12

根据hunaiti等人。，电子商务已导致许多的—商业实践的新方法。“最重要的电子商务的效益社会是能使人在自己的家园，从而降低风险交通事故和污染减少公路上的交通。”13gkout—zinis提出：贡献的电子商务国际经济一体化的实质。价值的电子商务金融服务在于，它提供给消费者。“产生的效益由电子商务在金融服务的机构的理由—tutional改革总体目标的实现法律确定性，较少但更有效监管及竞争。”14

布卢姆菲尔德和菲舍尔认为如何分歧影响成本资本：它影响资金成本改变投资者的能力预测以后的价格。不同形式的分歧有不同对资本成本的影响。稳态质量披露已关闭—影响资本成本。“聚集可导致较低的成本资本的主要作用是阻止知觉错误的委员会。披露，提供有关未来进一步减少期资本成本，不论性质的分歧，通过减少目前的不确定性影响的决议和variance-increasing知觉错误委员会。”15

4。电子商务的优势商业聚会

查菲指出，电子商务管理涉及的买方和卖方活动的优先次序。电子商务是一个子集电子商务。业务采用电子商务是由利益的不同部位组织。电子商务是指双方的信息和金融反—行动通过数字媒体。对消费者的电子商务，网络重要的识别网络供应商。“有效的电子商务的需要微妙的平衡的好处个人客户将获得他们的在线体验，通过提供个人信息信息的数量和类型，他们准备公司抓住他们。”16

什么是重要的是，网上购物的交易可以通过电子商务环境的好处，同时开发新的电子商务战略可以是一个艰巨的经验。根据查菲，电子商务提供了新的机遇的营销不同的营销组合。本低值，大批量的订单，适用于电子商务交易。电子商务服务器是针对需要的网站所有者运行一个电子商务商店，而业务盈利贡献是最终的目的是电子商务。“提供服务质量可以在电子商务评估通过审查现有的框架，确定各级服务质量。最常用的是概念的基础上一个“服务质量的差距之间存在的期望水平服务（从以前的经验和口碑传播）和他们的看法实际水平的服务。”17

5。结论

目前的研究扩展了过去的研究阐明的潜力全球电子商务的发展，全球电子商务的现象，利用网络的组织的重要性，电子商务在提供金融服务，国际治理电子商务。总的结果有力的证据的优势的电子商务商业当事人的心灵，分享电子商务业务，自然增长的互联网电子商务的兴起，电子商务，电子商务的出现—商务的。本研究的目的是确定是否存在关系—舰船之间的组织结构的电子商务，类型的组织结构的电子商务，电子商务的好处，挑战管理电子商务组织内，和挑战的实施和管理电子商务。本文提供了一个文献综述发展移动电子商务的发展，传统的基于互联网的商务活动，的性质和趋势移动商务应用，电子

商务的快速发展，并影响移动商务在企业对消费者的价值链。目前的研究阐明确定全球电子商务的本质，积极的影响，电子商务对于经济的特征，公司—特点电子商务，互联网作为一个信息和通信—离子介质，和信息技术（它）的形式互联网的。

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10。chircu，阿林娜米，罗伯特·考夫曼和本王（2007），“超越“易趣网的空白”：下一阶段的数字中介在电子商务，”斯图尔特巴尼斯（主编），电子商务和v-business数字企业在第二十一世纪，2钕教育大学，oxford-burlington，马，43–78。

11。巴尼斯，斯图尔特，爱德华·克里斯特ó巴尔马利蒙，弗里德里克，和李察vidgen（2007），“评估电子商务的质量，”[ 10]，117。

12。巴尼斯，斯图尔特，和尤西比奥scornavacca（2007），“手机的出现

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13。齐亚德hunaiti，ra'ed（卫生部就taisir）masa'deh，穆罕默德曼苏尔，和艾哈迈德al-nawafleh（2009），“电子商务采用小和障碍中小型企业（中小企业）在发展中国家：利比亚的情况，”ibima商业评论，2（5）：38。

14。gkoutzinis，卡（2006），互联网银行与欧洲法律：监管，金融一体化和电子商务。纽约：剑桥大学出版社，82。

15。布卢姆菲尔德，罗伯特，和保罗·菲舍尔（2011），“不一致和成本资本《会计研究杂志49（1）：43。

16。查菲，戴夫（2009），电子商务和电子商务：战略管理，实施，与实践，第四版，哈洛出版社，210。

17。同上，536。

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