2017年12月英语四级真题及答案
(第一套)
Part I Writing (25 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25minutes）
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather.
B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother.
2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures.
B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.
B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles.
C) Providing clean energy to five million people.
D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.
4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.
B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.
C) They are only about half an inch thick.
D) They are made from cheap materials.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. research.
A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for
B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.
6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.
B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.
C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.
D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.
7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities.
B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters.
Section B
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) Her ‘lucky birthday’. C) Her wedding anniversary.
B) A call from her dad. D) A special gift from the man.
9. A) Gave her a big model plane. C) Took her on a trip overseas.
B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Threw her a surprise party.
10. A) The gift her husband has bought.
B) The trip her husband has planned.
C) What has been troubling her husband.
D) What her husband and the man are up to.
11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.
B) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.
C) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.
D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.
B) They see the importance of making compromises.
C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.
D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.
13. A) They know how to adapt. compromises.
C) They know when to make
B) They know when to stop. emotion.
D) They know how to control their
14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly.
B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles.
15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy.
B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions
will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) When America's earliest space program started.
B) When the International Space Station was built.
C) How many space shuttle missions there will be.
D) How space research benefits people on Earth.
17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.
B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.
C) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.
D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.
18. A) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space.
B) They are expensive to make. D) They were invented in the 1970s.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America.
B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.
C) It marked the beginning of something new.
D) Everything was natural and genuine then.
20. A) They believed in working for goals. entertainment.
C) They had all kinds of
B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative.
21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. work.
C) Polishing all the silver
B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) Use a map to identify your location. calm yourself.
C) Sit down and try to
B) Call your family or friends for help. back.
D) Try to follow your footprints
23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.
B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.
C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.
D) You may end up entering a wonderland.
24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire.
B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill.
25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather.
B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank
following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some ___26___ skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.
Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban __27__, but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the _28_of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive___29___ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.
Rats are often ___30___with spreading disease rather than___31___ it, but this long-tailed animal is highly___32___. Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect___33___smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB(肺结核). When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to ___34___ a sample is infected.
Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to ___35___, but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats
are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?
Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.
[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.
[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.
[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.
[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a
senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”
[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.”
[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When Iasked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the
actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.
[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.
36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when
performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.
46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.
B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.
47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins
D) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.
48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.
C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.
D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.
B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.
C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
D) She compared the responses of different participants.
50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you
want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.
Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.
This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying \"no.\" Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”
Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say \"no\" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.
At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves.
This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.
51. What does the author say is the problem with women?
A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.
B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.
C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.
D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?
A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.
C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.
D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.
53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?
A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.
B) Their desire to be considered powerful.
C) An underestimate of their own ability.
D) A lack of courage to face challenges.
54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.
A) women tend to be easily satisfied
B) men are generally more persuasive
C) men tend to put their personal interests first
D) women are much more ready to compromise
55. What is important to a good leader?
A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failure
B) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。
2017年12月英语四级真题及答案
(第一套)
答 案（含听力原文）
Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least
120 words but no more than 180 words. 题目解析：
一、 审题：四级写作的第一步即读懂题目要求。读题目时我们需要在题干中去找“关键词”。本次作文中读完题目，建议同学们用笔勾画出来五个关键词，即五个要点，顺序依次是“30 minutes”、“essay”、“how”、“the relationship between doctors and patients”、“write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words”其中关于考试时间和作文字数的要求每年都一致。接下来审题的重点：这次写作要求我们写一篇常见的议论文，并且去简述如何处理医生和病人的关系。读完题目之后，我们了解到这次的写作主题即“医患关系（the relationship between doctors and patients）”。
二、 谋篇：四级写作的第二步即布局三段结构，这次写作中强调“如何处理医患关系”，所以我们在第二段写作时，可以从两个维度出发—医生和患者—去叙述如何正确处理两个主体之间的关系。
三、 框架：全文分为三个段落。第一段为话题引出段（可结合情景作文第一段，先表明自己的观点）；第二段为原因分析段（主要从医生/患者两个方面进行原因论述）；第三段为意义阐述段。
四、 填充：具体的范文如下，仅做参考。
写作范文：
On the Relationship between Doctors and Patients
In the present age, it is generally acknowledged that the relationship between doctors and patients is playing indispensable roles in our lives. As far as I am concerned, we should balance this kind of relationship from two aspects, doctors and patients.
The causes of this perspective are multiple. In the first place, the reason has been cited as a major reason that doctors cannot be understood, for patients always maintain doctors can cure all kinds of disease. This is mainly due to the fact that although medical technology and science are advanced at an amazing rate, there exists a multitude of various kinds of diseases we cannot cure. Furthermore, the reason can contribute this perspective that patients are believed to be lack of the fundamental medical knowledge, which results in this relationship are worried. Plenty of evidence has shown that an increasing number of patients often go to extremes if their diseases cannot be cure instantly.
When it comes to our modern society, it is universally acknowledged that dealing with the relationship between doctors and patients in a reasonable way plays a vitally important role in our lives. Undoubtedly, if we spare no efforts to do so, our future will be hopeful and promising.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
New report 1
1.答案: B) Her little brother.
Q: Who did Edison raise money for?
解析: 新闻首句原则,了解大致内容是Edison卖柠檬水和画画为生病需要做心脏手术(surgery)的弟弟筹资。第一道题给考生来了个下马威,难度系数比较高, 需要考生自己分类信息再听取问题作答,这种题型称为模棱两可型题目,考察学生听力和反应能力。A) Her friend Erika. 根据顺序原则,A选项在新闻最后才出现且与问题不符，先不作考虑。C/D选项是Edison祖母猜测Edison偷听到祖父的对话,从而得知弟弟生病,与问题无关,故排除。
2.答案: C) By selling lemonade and pictures.
Q: How did Edison raise money?
原文:She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand, make some jewelries and pictures and sell them.
这道题难度中等,根据选项形式都是by, 可得知问题一定是问how,因此,可预先考虑应该紧抓文章中的 “方式”,再根据视听一致原则即可得出答案。
原文：
A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston Texas this July. Addison Witulski's
grandmother Kim Allred said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment.
\" I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we’re worried about how we’re going to get to Houston, for my grandson’s heart surgery,” said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.”
That’s when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.
Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many, stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, “From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!”
New report 2
3.答案: C) Providing clean energy to five million people.
Q：What is the Francis’ purpose of constructing solar panels?
原文: Last week, France announced the country would pay 621miles of road with solar panels over the next five years with the goal of providing cheap,
renewable energy to five million people. (法国将在五年内马路上建造太阳能板,旨在为人们供应可生能源。)
解析: 这道题难度中等, 遵照试听一致原则,同时注意答案前后一致。
4. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.
Q: What is especial about the solar panels used in the walkway?
解析: 这道题有模棱两可选项出现,即B/C。但是,C呈现的听力内容只是介绍太阳能板的厚度；而B则是问题所问的特殊作用,因此,综合问题,得出答案即B。其中,highway相对应同义替换的词汇有: walkway, bypass等。
原文：
Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people.
Called “the Wattway,” the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road-building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of existing roadways, making
them relatively cheap and easy to install.
France isn’t the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot-long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.
New report 3
5.答案:A) Endless fighting in the region. (视听一致)
Q：What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Susan and Ethiopia？
原文：Continuous fighting in the region has made survey difficult.
解析: 这篇新闻研究者们证实非洲的狮子正在大范围消失,并成立小组研究狮子的栖息地。这道题难度中等,通过视听一致即可。
6. 答案：D. To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.
Q: What was the main purpose of the research?
解析：细节题。目的题，按照顺序中段听到了the discovery of the lost lions内容，以及catch images… / identify lions’tracks，确定答案。
7.答案：B. Lions’ tracks.
Q: What did the researchers find in the national park?
解析：细节题。视听一致原则，依据identify lions’tracks, 确定答案.
原文：
Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of \"lost lions.\"
A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in the National Park in northwest Ethiopia, on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps capturing images of lions, and they identified lion tracks.
The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in the neighbouring National Park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a \"possible range\" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.
Section B
Conversation 1
8. 【答案】A. Her “lucky birthday”
【问题】What is the woman looking forward to?
【原文+解析】A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date.一个黄金或幸运的生日是当一个人到达出生日期的年龄。
9. 【答案】D. Threw her a surprise party.
【问题】What did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?
【原文+解析】 My parents did throw her a surprise party that year.那年我父母给她举办了一个惊喜派对。
10. 【答案】B. The trip her husband has planned.
【问题】What is the woman eager to find out about?
【原文+解析】I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned or way we are going.我很想知道他计划了什么样的旅行，或者我们打算去哪。
11. 【答案】C. He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.
【问题】What does the man say at the end of the conversation?
【原文+解析】 I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.我等不及要听到你回来的消息了。
原文：
M: I bet you're looking forward to the end of this month. Are you?
W: Yes, I am. How did you know?
M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up.
W: Oh…yeah that's right. This year will be my golden birthday.
M: What does that mean? I've never heard of a golden birthday.
W: I've actually just learnt this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister's birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turned nine years old. Come to think of it, my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.
M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would've been four years ago. I assume you got big plans then.
W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he's got in mind, but I'm excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?
M: He might have.
W: Anything you'd like to share? I'm dying to know what kind of trip he has planned on where we're going.
M: You know nothing at all?
W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it? Though I must say I think he's been having even more fun keeping the secret from me in the past few weeks.
M: I'm sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! I can't wait to hear all about it when you get back.
Conversation 2
12. 【答案】A. They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.
【问题】What does the man say about good negotiators?
【原文+解析】 They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.他们对谈判的动态很敏感。
13. 【答案】B. They know when to stop.
【问题】What does the man say maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?
【原文+解析】 And perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.也许最重要的是，他们知道什么时候该停下来。
14. 【答案】C. They learn quickly.
【问题】How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?
【原文+解析】Good negotiators learn fast.好的谈判者学得快。
15. 【答案】D. Get to know the other side.
【问题】What is the first stage of a negotiation according to a man?
【原文+解析】There are about six stages of a negotiation: get to know the other side谈判大致有六个阶段：了解对方。
原文：
W: Mr. Green, what do you think makes a successful negotiator?
M: Well, that’s hard to define. But I think successful negotiators have several
things in common. They are always polite and rational people. They are firm but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. They are sensitive to the dynamics of the negotiation. The way of rises and falls and how it may change direction. They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.
W: And, what about an unsuccessful negotiator?
M: Well, this is probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting. Too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and we want to be liked by everyone. Good negotiators learn fast. Poor negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations.
W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?
M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for a negotiation. There are perhaps six stages in every negotiation. Get to know the other side. State your goals. Start the process. Clarify areas of disagreement or conflict. Reassess your position. Making acceptable compromises. And finally, reach some agreement in principle. These stages can be studied. And strategies to be used in each can be planned beforehand. But I think, the really successful negotiator is probably born with six sense about responding appropriately to the situation at hand.
W: The artistic sense you’ve just described?
M: Yes. That’s right.
Section C
Passage 1
16.【答案】D) How space research benefits people on Earth.
【问题】What do some people want to know about space exploration?
【原文+解析】Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. 有些人想知道为什么国家在太空项目上花费了数百万美元。他们想知道太空研究是如何帮助地球上的人们的。该句为段首句，运用题文同序和视听一致确定答案为“D太空研究如何造福地球上的人们。”
17. 【答案】B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.
【问题】What did scientists do for the space shuttle missions?
【原文+解析】And in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon, and in space. 在今天的航天飞行任务中，科学家们开发了宇航员在月球和太空中使用的物体。该句与答案“B他们开发了宇航员在外层空间使用的物体。”一致，所以答案选B。
18. 【答案】A) They are extremely accurate.
【问题】what does the speaker say about quartz crystal clocks and watches?
【原文+解析】For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. 例如，我们有石英晶体钟和手表可以精确到在一年中只有一分钟之内的误差。
原文：
Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. Actually space technology helps people on Earth every day. This is called \"spin-off technology.\"
Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on Earth.
In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s, and in the Space Shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day.
For example, we have Quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with a water filter designed for the astronauts' use in space.
The cordless, hand-held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners,
flashlights, drills and saws came from the technology of these early space programs.
On cold winter days we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, and specially made coats and jackets. All of these clothes are similar to the spacesuit designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, and are spin-offs from space technology.
These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology from the International Space Station will help us in the future.
Passage 2
19.【答案】C) It marked the beginning of something new.
【问题】Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?
【原文+解析】Well, if I could go back in history and live, I’d like to go back to the 18th century, perhaps in colonial America in Yankee New England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. 好吧，如果我能回到历史中去生活，我想回到十八世纪，也许是在殖民地美国的新英格兰，我的一个祖先住在那里，因为它是某事的开端。该句位于段首句，题文同序定位答案于此句，并且该句与选项“C它标志着新事物的开始。”意思一致，所以答案选C。
20. 【答案】A) They believed in working for goals.
【问题】What does the speaker say about the Puritans?
【原文+解析】I’m deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, but they believe in working for something, working for goals and I like that. 我深深地爱上了清教徒的传统，不是宗教意义上的，而是他们相信工作的事，工作的目标，我很喜欢这一点。与选项A一致。
21. 【答案】D) Doing needlework by the fire.
【问题】What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?
【原文+解析】I love the colonial fabrics, or the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity, I love it. The printing, the books and very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world, but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world, and I can see myself sitting on a small chair by a fire doing needlework. 我喜欢殖民地的布料，银色的工作，家具，优雅和简单的结合，我喜欢它。印刷品，书籍，非常依恋所有的东西。可能不是所有的东西都在现代意义上是非常有趣的，但我会喜欢在那样的环境里度过我的晚上，讨论新的想法，建立一个新的世界，我能看到自己坐在火旁做针线活的小凳子上。答案“D在火炉边做针线活。”与原文最后一句一致，所以选择D。
原文：
Well, if I could go back in history and live, I'd like to go back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee, New England, where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something.
By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was a preacher, traveling around the countryside. People lived in small communities. There were fishermen and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food, unlike that in today's supermarkets, and there were small towns, and New York wasn't that far away. I'm deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, but they believed in working for something, working for goals, and I like that.
They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness in community and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics, all the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity. I love it. The printing, the books, I'm very attached to all that kind of thing that may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world. But I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world. And I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework.
Passage 3
22. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.
What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?
When you are lost, sit down on a log, or rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something you have memorized to bring your mind to a point where is under control.当你迷路的时候，坐在一块木头上，或者岩石上，或者靠在一棵树上，背诵你记忆中的东西，把你的思想带到被控制的地方。
23.【答案】B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.
【问题】What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?
【原文+解析】Streams normally flow through wetland, before they reach a lake or a river. Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes and other hazzards.
24. 【答案】D) Walk uphill.
【问题】What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you are lost in the woods?
【原文+解析】Many experts feel that it's wisest to walk uphill.许多专家认为走上坡路是最明智的。
25. 【答案】A) Inform somebody of your plan.
【问题】What should you do before you go into the woods?
【原文+解析】Anytime you're going into woods, somebody should know where you are going and when you are expected to return.任何时候你进入森林，都应该有人知道你要去哪里，什么时候你会回来。
原文：
If you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn what some people call a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. When you think you are lost, sit down on a log, or a rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something that you have memorized, to bring you mind to a point where it’s under control. Don’t run blindly. If you must move, don’t follow a stream unless you know it, and in that case, you are not lost. Streams, normally flow through wetland before they reach a lake or a river. Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. Many experts feel that it’s wisest to walk uphill. At the top of most hills and mountains, are trails leading back to civilization. If there are no trails, you are much easier to be seen on top of a hill, and you may even spot a highway, or a railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way someone will search for you is by air. In a wetland, or in dense growth, you are very hard to spot. Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you are going, and when you expect to return. Also, when someone comes looking, you should be able to signal to them.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
26. K superior较好的，上等的，修饰skills
27. D nuisance根据and 前后内容，此处选择 令人讨厌的东西
28. M tip指尖，后文有手指。
29. O visual 视觉的 修饰记忆力，后文也有images.
30. A associated be associated with 和...相关
31. F preventing rather than 表示阻止，介词后面用doing
32. H sensitive 敏感的 根据后文意思它们很敏感选择H。
33. I slight 轻微的，修饰后文的气味。
34. C indicate根据前文动作，此处是表明，暗示的意思。
35. B examine 检测，检验，根据后文detection method 此处选择检测。
Section B
Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?
36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes education.
in
答案：I
对应原文“Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.”
advanced age对应 elderly ；
inability 对应hard
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.
答案：E
“Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work” risk 对应affect ；
performance原词复现
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
答案：C
对应原文“David Eisenbach…He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.”
believes 和 ultimately原词复线。
“learn more and encourages”对应more helpful
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
答案：D
对应“He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. ”
cheating 原词复现，“less chance”对应“ discouraged”
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
答案：B
对应“and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this…”
happy 对应excited；
take-home 对应do some exams at home
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
答案：H
对应原文“There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. ”
“wait until the last minute”对应“put off their work until the last month”
“make it much harder than it needs to be”对应 “find the exams more difficult than they actually are.”
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
答案：G
对应原文“Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.”
preferences对应 prefer；
vary对应different
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
答案：F
对应原文 “Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. ”
Most college professors 和agree 和depends on原词复现 ；
the kind of 对应the type of
course 对应subject.
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
答案：A
“So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.”
left undone 对应dropped out of
four decades ago 对应forty years ago
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
答案：J
对应“I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test”
“free time” 原词重现
“using ”对应“eat up”
Section C
Passage One
46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
答案：D) In what way it can be beneficial.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为first-night effect，researchers, puzzling。据此定位到第二段第二句“The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it”，句子大意为：（研究者的）困惑是将会从中获得什么利益、好处。可见，D选项为正确答案，“beneficial”是对原文中“benefit”的同义替换。A选项借第一段第一句“trouble sleeping”干扰，该句是first-night effect的定义，且不在定位范围内；B选项借第二段第一句“how human evolved”干扰，不是puzzle的内容；C选项借第三段第一句的“the surrounding environment”干扰，是实验相关内容，不在定位范围内。
47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
答案：C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins
此题为推理题。题干关键词为Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research，因关键词为全文话题，定位价值不大，所以可用反证法通过选项关键词来定位，选项共同的关键词为birds
and dolphins。据此定位到第二段第三句“She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins…”，句子大意为她可从之前对鸟类和海豚的研究中得出一些成果，这让她想研究人是否也会做同样的事。可见，C选项为正确答案，是对原文的同义替换。A选项的错误在于asleep（熟睡的）与原文“put half of their brains to sleep”（半睡的状态），意思不符；BD选项的错误在于“sleeping way”和“sleeping pattern”表述不够具体、清楚。
48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为Dr. Sasaki, first experiment, do（做法）。“first experiment”在原文中没有原词复现，但根据句意，可知定位处在第二段第四句“this led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing”后。根据后面原文 “The participants … monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. ”可知，A选项为正确答案。B选项将原文的“35 healthy people”和“Department of Psychological Sciences”杂糅; C选项的错误在于原文并没有分析大脑的两半的区别；D选项是研究的目的，而非实验中的做法，答非所问。
49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
答案：C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为Dr. Sasaki和re-runing her experiment。据此定位到
第三段第一句话后半段“while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps of the same and irreugular beeps of a different tone” , C选项是对该句的概括，符合文意。A选项的错误在于干扰睡眠的是irregular beeps, 而非irregular tones; B选项的错误在于没有提及记录实验参与者对变化环境的适应；D选项的错误在于原文未提及不同的实验参与者。
50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
答案：B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为Dr. Sasaki, the participants, find（研究结果）。据此定位到“she worked out that…”后，根据“it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep”可知不规律的蜂鸣声会扰乱睡眠，B选项符合文意。A选项的错误在于原文并没有说tones对睡眠有影响；C选项的错误在于sleepy（困乏的），无中生有；D选项的错误在于原文并未提及不同的人对不规律的音调的容忍度不同。
Passage Two
51. What does the author say is the problem with women?
答案：D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为problem, women。据此定位到第一段第一、二句，“being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life”,该句大意为“女性为家庭、为工作过度付出将不会使她们
过上想要的生活”，D选项符合文意。A选项的错误在于原文并没有说女性不清楚自己的职业目标；B选项的错误在于原文并没有将女性对家庭和对工作的付出做比较；C选项的错误在于over-optimistic（过度乐观）无中生有。
52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?
答案： A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为working women of child-bearing age, feel drained of energy, why（原因）。据此定位到第三段第二句“one reason women may feel exhausted is that…”后，根据“women want to be able to do it all…”，可知，A选项符合文意，女性努力满足工作和家庭需求。B选项只强调过分投入工作，以偏概全；C选项的错误在于借第三段liked by their colleagues干扰，但与同事合作原文并未提及；D选项，过度推理，文中并没有说女性的责任太多。
53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?
答案：A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为future prospect, career women, hinder（阻碍因素）。据此定位到第三段第二句，“Unfortunately，this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s health as well as their career. A选项符合文意。BCD原文未提及。
54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in
that______.
答案：C) men tend to put their personal interests first
此题为细节题。题干关键词为men and women, approach to resolving workplace conflicts, in that（原因）。据此定位到第五段第三句“Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most”，据此选择C选项, 男人倾向于以个人利益为先。ABD无中生有。
55. What is important to a good leader?
答案：B) The ability to delegate.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为a good leader, important。据此定位到最后一段第二句“Leaders have to be able to delegate…”，可知，B选项符合文意。ACD原文未提及。
Part Ⅳ Translation
华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。
Located in Huayin City, Mount Hua is 120 kilometers away from Xi’an. Mount Hua is a part of Qinling Mountains, which not only separates the southern and
northern parts of Shaanxi but also the South and North China. Unlike Taishan Mountain, where people often go to worship, there used to be few people going to Mount Hua as the roads to the mountains are extremely dangerous. However, people who wish to live longer often climb mountains as there are many herbs on them, especially some rare ones. Since cable cars were installed in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased dramatically.
乍一看，这篇翻译有点难，其实里面很多单词在以前的真题中都出现过。比如说，华南（South China)，华北（North China).，稀有的药草(rare herbs)，某地位于什么地方(be located in)等等。
第一句：华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。Located in Huayin City, Mount Hua is 120 kilometers away from Xi’an.
第二句：华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。Mount Hua is a part of Qinling Mountains, which not only separates the southern and northern parts of Shaanxi but also the South and North China.秦岭直接译为Qinling Mountains，陕南与陕北就是指陕西的南部和北部the southern and northern parts of Shaanxi
第三句：与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。Unlike Taishan Mountain, where people often go to worship, there used to be few people going to Mount Hua as the roads to the mountains are extremely dangerous.
第四句：然而，希望长寿的人去经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。However, people who wish to live longer often climb mountains as there are many herbs on them, especially some rare ones.
第五句：自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参加人数大大增加。
Since cable cars were installed in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased dramatically.
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