The Internet, like its network predecessors, has turned out to be far more social than television, and in this respect, theimpact of the Internet may be more like that of the telephone than of TV. Our research has shown that interpersonalcommunication is the dominant use of the Internet at home.1)That people use the Internet mainly for interpersonal
communication, however, does not imply that their social interactions and relationships on the Internet are the same as theirtraditional social interactions and relationships, or that their social uses of the Internet will have effects comparable totraditional social activity.
Whether social uses of the Internet have positive or negative effects may depend on how the Internet shapes the
balance of strong and weak network ties that people maintain. Strong ties are relationships associated with frequent contact,deep feelings of affection and obligation, whereas weak ties are relationships with superficial and easily broken bonds,infrequent contact, and narrow focus. Strong and weak ties alike provide people with social support. Weak ties includingweak online ties, are especially useful for linking people to information and social resources unavailable in peoples closest,local groups.2)Nonetheless, strong social ties are the relationships that generally buffer people from lifes stresses and thatlead to better social and psychological outcomes. People receive most of their social support from people with whom theyare in most frequent contact, and bigger favors come from those with stronger ties.
Generally, strong personal ties are supported by physical proximity. The Internet potentially reduces the importance ofphysical proximity in creating and maintaining networks of strong social ties. Unlike facetoface interaction or even the
telephone, the Internet offers opportunities for social interactions that do not depend on the distance between parties. Peopleoften use the Internet to keep up with those with whom they have preexisting relationships. But they also develop newrelationships online. Most of these new relationships are weak. MUDs, newsgroups, and chat rooms put people in contactwith a pool of new groups, but these online “mixers” are typically organized around specific topics, or activities, and rarelyrevolve around local community and close family and friends.
3)Whether a typical relationship developed online becomes as strong as a typical traditional relationship and whetherhaving online relationships changes the number or quality of a persons total social involvements are open questions.Empirical evidence about the impact of the Internet on relationships and social involvement is sparse. Many authors havedebated whether the Internet will promote community or undercut it. Much of this discussion has been speculative andanecdotal, or is based on crosssectional data with small samples. 1 The text is mainly about
[A] the dominance of interpersonal communication. [B] strong and weak personal ties over the Internet. [C] the difference between old and modern relationships. [D] an empirical research on the Internet and its impact. 2 It is implied in the text that
[A] the Internet interactions can rival traditional ones. [B] television is inferior to telephone in social effect. [C] strong links are far more valid than weak ones. [D] the Internet features every home and community. 3 The word “buffer” (Para. 2) can probably be replaced by [A] deviate.[B] alleviate.[C] shield.[D] distract. 4 According to the author, the Internet can [A] eliminate the hindrance of the distance. [B] weaken the intimate feelings among people. [C] provide people with close physical contacts. [D] enhance our ability to remove social stresses.
5 From the text we can infer that
[A] the evidence for the effect of the Internet seems abundant. [B] the social impact of the Internet has been barely studied enough. [C] some discussions are conclusive about the function of the Internet. [D] random samples have witnessed the positive influence of the Internet. 难句突破
1. That people use the Internet mainly for interpersonal communication, however, does not imply that their socialinteractions and relationships on the Internet are the same as their traditional social interactions and relationships, or thattheir social uses of the Internet will have effects comparable to traditional social activity.
【解析】本句话的主⼲是“That people use the Internet mainly for interpersonal communication does not imply...”。第⼀个that引导的是主语从句;第⼆、三个that引导的是宾语从句，or引导的是⼀个并列句。social interaction应译成“社会交往”。 2. Nonetheless, strong social ties are the relationships that generally buffer people from life’s stresses and that lead tobetter social and psychological outcomes, people receive most of their social support from people with whom they are inmost frequent contact, and bigger favors come from those with stronger ties.
【解析】本句话是⼀个并列句，其主⼲是“strong social ties are the relationships... people receive their social support”。第⼀、⼆个that引导的定语从句修饰relationships;with whom引导的定语从句修饰people;with stronger ties修饰those，指的是people。buffer from应译成“使……免于……”;lead to应译成“产⽣”;strong应译成“牢固的”。
3.Whether a typical relationship developed online becomes as strong as a typical traditional relationship and whetherhaving online relationships changes the number or quality of a person’s total social involvements are open questions. 【解析】本句话的主⼲是“Whether... and whether... are open questions...”。whether... and whether...引导的是主语从句。open应译成“有待讨论的”。 试题解析 1 本⽂主要是关于 [A] ⼈际交往的主导地位。 [B]络上的牢固与不牢固⼈际关系。 [C] 古⽼与现代关系的差异。
[D]对络及其影响的、依据经验的研究。【D】
【解析】主旨题。⽂章前⾯的段落介绍了有关因特的社交性使⽤可能产⽣的影响的研究，最后⼀段指出，络产⽣的影响是有待解决的问题，依据经验得到的、有关因特对关系与社会交往产⽣的影响的证据很少，有关这个问题的许多讨论都是猜测性的、轶事性的。这说明，本⽂主要是根据经验介绍有关络产⽣的影响的研究。D与此意符合，可以表达本⽂的主题，为正确答案。A和C属于⽆中⽣有;B是在介绍络产⽣的影响时涉及的内容，不能表达本⽂的主题。 2 ⽂中暗⽰，
[A] 因特络交往可以与传统交往相提并论。 [B]在社会影响⽅⾯，电视不如电话。 [C] 牢固的关系⽐不牢固的关系有效得多。 [D]络是每个家庭和社会的特⾊。【B】
【解析】推论题。第⼀段提到，据证实，与电视相⽐，因特的社会性强得多，因此，因特的影响可能更像电话的影响，⽽不是电视的影响。由此可知，电视的社会影响没有电话⼤。B与此意符合，为正确答案。A是针对第⼀段最后⼀句话设置的⼲扰项，与⽂意不符合;C是针对第⼆段设置的⼲扰项，与⽂意不符合;D属于⽆中⽣有。 3 单词“buffer”(第⼆段)可能被替换。 [A] 背离[B] 缓解[C] 保护[D] 使分⼼【C】
【解析】词义题。第⼆段⾸先解释了牢固的关系和不牢固的关系，随后提到了该词所在的句⼦——牢固的关系是那些通常使⼈们免受⽣活压⼒的关系，是那些产⽣更好的社会和⼼理效果的关系。根据“lead to better social and psychological
outcomes”以及该词的宾语“life’s stresses”可知，该词可能的意思是“使……免于……”。C是对该词的同义替换，为正确答案。A和D是误解了该词的意思，B不准确，因为aleviate不与from搭配使⽤。 4 根据作者的观点，因特可以 [A] 消除距离障碍。 [B] 削弱⼈们的亲密感情。 [C] 使⼈们有亲密的⾝体接触。
[D]提⾼⼈们消除社会压⼒的能⼒。【A】
【解析】细节题。第三段介绍了因特在创建并维持牢固的社会关系络⽅⾯产⽣的影响——可能降低了⾝体接触的重要性，提供社会交往的机会，这些交往不依赖于双⽅之间的距离。这说明，因特不依赖于双⽅之间的距离。A与此意符合，为正确答案。C与此意相反;B是针对第三段第⼀、⼆句话设置的⼲扰项，与⽂意不符合;D是针对第⼆段最后⼀句话设置的⼲扰项，那是在介绍牢固的关系，与题⽬的要求不符。 5 根据本⽂，我们可以推知
[A] 有关因特影响的证据似乎很充分。 [B]有关因特的社会影响的研究不够。 [C] 某些对因特作⽤的讨论是决定性的。 [D]随便的例⼦都可证明因特的积极影响。【B】
【解析】推论题。前⾯的段落介绍了有关因特产⽣的影响的⼀些观点，最后⼀段指出，依据经验得到的、有关因特对关系与社会交往产⽣的影响的证据很少，有关这个问题的许多讨论都是猜测性的、轶事性的，或者是基于有很少例⼦的有代表性数据。由此可知，有关因特产⽣的社会影响的研究太少。B与此意符合，为正确答案。A与此意相反;C是针对最后⼀段最后⼀句话设置的⼲扰项，与⽂意不符合;D是针对最后⼀段第⼀句话设置的⼲扰项，与⽂意不符合。 全⽂译⽂
据证实，就像以前的络⼀样，与电视相⽐，因特的社会性强得多，因此，因特的影响可能更像电话的影响，⽽不是电视的影响。我们的研究显⽰，⼈际交流是因特在家庭的主要⽤途。
1)不过，⼈们使⽤因特主要是为了⼈际交流，这并不意味着他们在因特上的社会交往和关系类似于他们的传统社会交往和关系，或者他们在社交中使⽤因特会产⽣类似于传统社会活动的影响。
因特的社交性使⽤会产⽣积极影响还是消极影响，可能依赖于因特如何保持⼈们维持的稳固和不牢固络关系的平衡。牢固的关系是与频繁的接触、深厚的友爱感以及坚定的责任感有关的关系，⽽不牢固的关系是与表⾯上的、容易破裂的联系、不经常的接触以及有限的共同点有关的关系。稳固和不牢固的关系以同样的⽅式为⼈们提供社会⽀持。对于让⼈们接触其最接近的地⽅群体难以获得的信息和社会资源，不牢固的关系，包括不牢固的络关系，尤其有⽤。2)但是，牢固的关系是那些通常使⼈们免受⽣活压⼒的关系，是那些产⽣更好的社会和⼼理效果的关系，⼈们从他们接触最频繁的那些⼈那⾥得到⼤多数社会⽀持，更⼤的⽀持来⾃于那些有更牢固关系的⼈们。
通常情况下，牢固的个⼈关系受到⾝体接触的维持。在创建并维持牢固的社会关系络时，因特可能降低了⾝体接触的重要性。不像⾯对⾯的交往，或者电话交流，因特提供社会交往的机会，这些交往不依赖于双⽅之间的距离。⼈们通常利⽤因特与那些以前就有关系的⼈保持联系。但是，他们也在上发展新关系。⼤多数这样的新关系都不牢固。多⽤户络游戏、络新闻组以及聊天室使得⼈们接触⼤量的新群体，但是，这些络“混合群体”通常是因为特别话题或活动组织起来的，很少在地⽅群体和亲属、朋友中循环出现。
3)在上发展的典型关系是否会像典型的传统关系⼀样牢固，发展络关系是否改变了个⼈总体社会交往的数量与质量，这些是有待讨论的问题。依据经验得到的、有关因特对关系与社会交往产⽣的影响的证据很少。许多作者对于因特是会促进社会发展还是会破坏社会发展有争议。有关这个问题的许多讨论都是猜测性的、轶事性的，或者是基于有很少例⼦的有代表性数据。
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