大学英语六级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷111(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷111 (题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining A sense of gratitude can acknowledge our interdependent existence. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.

正确答案： A Sense of Gratitude Can Acknowledge Our Interdependent Existence We are supposed to express our gratitude to others on Thanksgiving Day. However, we should feel grateful every day. God has two dwellings, one in heaven, the other in a meek and thankful heart. Be grateful to others is a way to show your love. In daily life, we often receive help from parents, friends, colleagues and strangers. Perhaps it is a little thing, like lifting a heavy box for you or offering you a seat in the bus. We should be thankful to those who did us favors. A sense of gratitude can acknowledge our interdependent existence. You will be ready to help others if you have a thankful heart. Therefore, a thankful heart is like a magnet. Not only will we attract more things to be grateful for, but also we will attract gratitude from others. Gratitude is heaven itself. A sense of gratitude and indebtedness to others is an important wellspring of a generous and virtuous life. We now fall into a busy life, neglecting to be grateful for the beauty of nature, the love of parents, and so on. With a grateful heart, people can notice these details and realize friendship, love and happiness in life.

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：W: Will you take these books to the library during your lunch hour, Jack? And here is a list of books I want to read. Ask the girl for two books from the list.M: Certainly, Mother. You’ve got about twenty titles here. What kind of books would you like?Q: What is Jack going to do during his lunch hour?

2．

A．Return and borrow books in the library. B．Go to work in the library.

C．Return books in the library and buy 2 books in the bookstore for his mother. D．Write out list of books his mother wants to read.

正确答案：A

听力原文：M: Did you go shopping today? Where’s the tobacco you promised to bring me? W: I planned to, but the car was out of order so I did some sewing instead. Q: What did the woman do today?

3．

A．She went shopping. B．She did some sewing. C．She repaired her car.

D．She bought some tobacco.

正确答案：B

听力原文：W: It is forecasted that tomorrow will be hot with the temperature up to 35 degrees centigrade. Do you think this will affect our son attending the entrance examination?M: Well, I think our son can manage to adjust to it. We’ll ensure him a good rest tonight so it should make no difference to him.Q: What’s the effect of the hot weather on their son?

4．

A．Their son will be a little bit influenced.

B．Their son will not take the examination owing to the weather. C．The weather will affect their son severely.

D．The weather will not make any difference to their son.

正确答案：D

听力原文：M: I see you’re working on something right now, Christine. As soon as you finish, I’d like to talk to you for a few minutes. W: Well, you can talk to me right now. Otherwise, you may have a long wait. Q: What does the woman mean?

5．

A．He can talk to her a few minutes later. B．He must wait for a long time. C．He’d better speak to her at once. D．He can have a long talk with her.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M: Excuse me, Madam, could you tell me how to use this bankcard for cash? W: That’s easy. First put your card into the machine. Yes, this side. Then enter your personal number, then the amount of money you want. OK, now press the withdrawal key and process key. Q: According to the conversation, what must the man do first to get the money?

6．

A．Press the “process” key.

B．Insert his card.

C．Memorize his personal number. D．Insert some coins.

正确答案：B

听力原文：W: What’s the first thing you are going to do, Charles, when you take over your father’s business? M: Pay more attention to market research — find out who needs our goods and why, and then advertise what we can offer. Q: According to the conversation, which of the following statements is true?

7．

A．The woman expects the man to make an important decision. B．The man’s father is a very successful banker. C．They are both making a future plan.

D．The man is not going to succeed in his father’s business.

正确答案：A

听力原文：M: Being an efficient secretary, you should have to finish your work punctually at the office, not to do it now at home.W: I know that. But I have been very busy and I couldn’t finish it when the office hour was over.Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?

8．

A．Classmates.

B．Boss and secretary. C．Husband and wife. D．Teacher and student.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M: Could you please tell me at which stop I should get off for the Metropolitan Museum? Also, how much is the fare? W: Of course. You get off at 82nd street and walk one block. I’ll tell you when we get there. The fare is sixty cents, just put it in the fare box. Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

9．

A．Doctor and patient. B．Daughter and mother. C．Passenger and bus driver. D．Customer and merchant.

正确答案：C

听力原文：W: Hi, John. How are things going? M: Oh, hi. Fine. How about

you?W: You can probably tell just by looking at me. I’m really busy. Well, what are you reading?M: A very interesting article. My biology professor assigned it. I thought I would just look it through, but I got really involved in it. It’s about endangered species. W: That sounds pretty interesting. I’m getting frustrated with the two research papers I’m struggling with. M: Oh?W: Besides, they are both due on the same day. It’s unbelievable. M: That’s tough.W: I’ll get through it. So what’s this you are reading? M: Well, it’s basically about the choices conservationists are faced with. You know, these days funding is so hard to come by. W: Wait a minute. Is the focus on biology or economics? M: Both. Conservationists don’t have enough funding to save every endangered species in the world, so they have to decide, based on what would be lost if a species became extinct. W: Can you give me an example of what you mean? M: Take for instance, two animals, the spotted awl and the tailed toad. The article says the toad is unique. It has no relatives. But there are a lot of varieties of awls. W: So, if that toad became extinct, we’d lose an important link in the chain of evolution, right? M: Exactly. But that isn’t so for the awl. So for conservationist, it might be a clear choice of which animal to save.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What is the man doing?10. What problem does the woman have?11. Why can’t the conservationists save every endangered species?

10．

A．Reading an article about endangered animals. B．Preparing for his papers.

C．Raising funds for saving the endangered animals. D．Choosing which animal to save.

正确答案：A

11．

A．She doesn’t know what to read.

B．She has to do some research on biology or economics. C．She has to finish two papers that are due on the same day. D．She can’t believe she can finish the two papers.

正确答案：C

12．

A．Because it’s hard to classify all of the varieties of animals. B．Because their methods of biological research are inadequate.

C．Because they have difficulties in getting enough funding for saving the animals.

D．Because they are unwilling to make efforts to save every endangered species.

正确答案：C

听力原文：W: What on earth has happened to you? You look absolutely worn

out!M: Oh, dear, I’ve just been round to the supermarket to get the shopping for the weekend.W: Yes?M: It was so crowded! I had to queue for 15 minutes at the checkout.W: Well. Of course, it was crowded. You know, I do my shopping at the huge supermarket that’s just round the corner from where I live. M: Oh, that’s even worse, I suppose. W: No, it isn’t. Listen: you take the car and you can get everything you need for a week. I mean, all it takes is a bit of planning and a shopping list. M: No. 1 don’t go for these big places. I often go to our little local corner shop. The only reason I went to the supermarket today was to try to save money. W: Ah, well. I think it’s actually very much cheaper to go to the supermarket because they’ve got their own brands of goods, lots of discount prices and the range of things is so much wider. You can not only buy food, but also clothes, household goods, even electrical stuff. M: Yeah, well...W: ...It is really much cheaper and it’s so much more convenient. M: Yeah, but apart from all that, I don’t mind paying a bit more because our little comer shop, it’s open all hours, even on Sundays. 1 can go in there, get my pint of milk and the people are so much more friendly and helpful, you know. With these supermarkets, just blank faces: “move on, move on.” W: I know what you mean. Actually I do agree with you. In fact I hate going shopping, especially coming into town at weekends. Oh, the worst thing of all: coming into town just before Christmas when it’s crowded. M: Oh, I agree with you.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. Where does the woman do her shopping?13. Where does the man usually do his shopping?14. What is the reason for the man to go to the supermarket for shopping?15. What does the man think of the people in the comer shop?

13．

A．At the supermarket just around the corner where the man lives. B．At the supermarket just around the corner where she lives. C．At the local shops nearby. D．In the town.

正确答案：B

14．

A．At the supermarket just around the corner where he lives.

B．At the supermarket just around the corner where the woman lives. C．At the local shops nearby. D．In the town.

正确答案：C

15．

A．The supermarket is convenient.

B．The supermarket is huge and he can find everything he needs. C．The goods in the supermarket are much cheaper. D．The supermarket is near his home.

正确答案：C

16．

A．There are too many people in the small corner shop. B．They are always friendly to customers and ready to help. C．They always shout at the customers. D．They like to chat with the customers.

正确答案：B

Section B

听力原文： The world has become noisier place, say experts at the Library of Natural Sounds in Ithaca, New York. The library has the world’s largest collection of natural sound recording — including birds, frogs, and mammals. The recordings are used for scientific study, field and mammals. The recordings are used for scientific study, field guides, and even some movie background sounds. Finding quiet areas for recording is becoming difficult, says Greg Budney, head of the library. Even in sparsely populated areas, animal sounds can be submerged by moving trucks, highway traffic, or aircraft. Obtaining a clean recording of an animal may take days or even years, and a habitat recording of all the species in an area is virtually impossible. Animals are having trouble hearing each other in loud noises as well. A report from the British Ecological Society claims that, because of noise from nearby British roadways, some birds are having trouble attracting mates and staking out their territories.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. Which of the following functions of the sound recording is not mentioned?17. What is becoming difficult to record according to Greg Budney, head of the library?18. In the noisier world, animals also have troubles. Which of the following is not included?

17．

A．For scientific study. B．For field guides. C．For entertainment.

D．For some film background.

正确答案：C

18．

A．Finding birds for recording.

B．Finding quiet areas for recording. C．Finding animals for recording. D．Finding mammals for recording.

正确答案：B

19．

A．Attracting mates.

B．Staking out their territories. C．Hearing each other. D．Sleeping.

正确答案：D

听力原文： In the United States today, there are two major parties—the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Each political party is made up of members who share goals and ideas. Each party wants its goals and ideas to direct the actions of government. Parties suggest, or choose, people that they want in office. The suggested people are called candidates. Political parties select candidates to represent them in elections. Each party then works to get its candidates elected. Suggesting candidates is the major job of a party. But it is not the only thing that a party does. At national conventions, party members from every state gather together. They make up a platform. A platform is a statement of goals. The goals may be general or specific. For example, a general goal may be having better schools. A more specific goal may be raising teachers’ salaries. The platform creates unity for the party. It tells voters what the party stands for. A party must also do fund-raising. Fund-raising is a group of activities designed to bring in money. The party uses some of this money to pay for its day-to-day operation. But most of the money is spent on getting the party’s candidates elected.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. According to the passage, which of the four statements is not true about political parties?20. What’s the main job of a party?21. What’s a platform?

20．

A．Parties suggest candidates for office.

B．The two major parties often have the same platform.

C．Political parties use money from fund-raising to get their candidates elected. D．Political parties want their goals and ideas to direct the actions of government.

正确答案：B

21．

A．To suggest candidates. B．To raise teacher’s salaries. C．To make a platform. D．To do fund-raising.

正确答案：A

22．

A．It’s a fund-raising event.

B．It is a political party. C．It is a list of candidates. D．It is a statement of goals.

正确答案：D

听力原文： “Charlie Griffin’s British pig was in my potatoes again!” bellowed Lyman Cutler one day in 1859. The next time the pig snuffled into Cutler’s potato patch, he shot it. The pig’s owner swore to have Cutler jailed, and this almost started a war. At that time, San Juan Island, where both men lived, was claimed by both the United States and Britain. When word reached the United States that the British were going to try an American for shooting a pig, U.S. troops were dispatched to Puget Sound. The British, in turn, sent warships. The Americans then sent more troops. U.S. General Winfield Scott talked the matter over with the British governor; national honor was now involved. The general and the governor agreed to occupy the island together, and the troops returned home without any arrest being made. The dispute was finally settled in 1872, when San Juan Island was awarded to the United States.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. Why did Cutler shoot Griffin’s pig?23. By what was the dispute settled?24. What did the meeting result in?25. Which country does San Juan Island belong to?

23．

A．Because the pig was in his garden. B．Because it was in his potato patch. C．Because Griffin was a British soldier. D．Because Griffin had shot Culter’s pig.

正确答案：B

24．

A．A war between Britain and the United States.

B．A small battle between the American and the British troops. C．Talks by General Scott and the British governor. D．A meeting of Griffin and Culter.

正确答案：C

25．

A．The meeting resulted in both countries occupying San Juan Island. B．The meeting resulted in British ownership of the island. C．The meeting resulted in American ownership of the island.

D．The meeting resulted in San Juan Island becoming independent.

正确答案：A

26．

A．The United States. B．Canada. C．No country

D．Both the United States and Britain.

正确答案：A

Section C

听力原文： The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise. It’s(26)market-oriented economy in which consumers determine which shall be produced by spending their money for those goods and services. Private businessmen,(27)striving to make their profits, produce these goods and services in(28)competition with other businessmen, and the profit(29)motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely(30)determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,(31)coupled with desire of businessmen to gain more profits and the desire of individuals to(32)maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and(33)responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a system in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers. If the product is in short reply relative to the demand, the price will be a bit up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, more supply of products results in reducing its cost, this will tend to(34)increase the supply offered by seller producers which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private-oriented economy is that individuals are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of(35)private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including determining the price or making a free contract.

The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise. It’s【B1】______economy in which consumers determine which shall be produced by spending their money for those goods and services. Private businessmen,【B2】______to make their profits, produce these goods and services in【B3】______with other businessmen, and the profit【B4】______, operating under competitive pressures, largely【B5】______how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,【B6】______with desire of businessmen to gain more profits and the desire of individuals to【B7】______their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a

market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and【B8】______by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a system in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers. If the product is in short reply relative to the demand, the price will be a bit up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, more supply of products results in reducing its cost, this will tend to【B9】______offered by sellerproducers which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private-oriented economy is that individuals are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of【B10】______embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including determining the price or making a free contract.

27． 【B1】

正确答案：market-oriented

28． 【B2】

正确答案：striving

29． 【B3】

正确答案：competition

30． 【B4】

正确答案：motive

31． 【B5】

正确答案：determines

32． 【B6】

正确答案：coupled

33． 【B7】

正确答案：maximize

34． 【B8】

正确答案：responded to

35． 【B9】

正确答案：increase the supply

36． 【B10】

正确答案：private property

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

The mayor of County Club Hills helped arrest two men Wednesday night suspected in the random shooting a 15-year-old boy as he was leaving a basketball game at Hillcrest High School. County Club Hills Mayor Dwight Welch, who is also a【C1】______police officer, said he【C2】______around 9:30 p. m. to the rear parking lot of the high school, 17401 Pulaski Td., after hearing radio【C3】______of someone firing several shots at crowds leaving the game between Hillcrest and Rich Central High School. “It was pretty【C4】______because no one knew where the shots were coming from,” Welch said later in a telephone【C5】______from his home. “Within five minutes of being there we got a report that a student was shot.” Welch and on-duty police Lt. Will Garrison found a 15-year-old Hillcrest student had suffered a graze【C6】______to the arm. They boy was taken in good condition to Advocate South Suburban Hospital in Hazel Crest, said town spokeswoman Wanda Comein. No one else was hit. In Welch’s police car, they began【C7】______the area for a white jeep that had fled the scene south on Winston Drive following the shooting, the mayor said. “We stayed back and turned around and waited for them. Then we saw the suspects’ car coming head-on,” Welch said. “We curbed their【C8】______. We came close to crashing.” Once the car was stopped, Welch and the lieutenant got out of their vehicle and drew their service weapons,【C9】______the two occupants out of their vehicle, he said. Inside, they found a revolver next to an empty bottle of【C10】______. according to Welch.A)wound B)journalists C)certified D)ordering E)chaoticF)scouring G)employer H)liquor I)vehicle J)employeeK)lie down L)pulled up M)reports N)interview O)suspect

37． 【C1】

正确答案：C

解析：此处需要一个形容词。从第一段字面可知Welch不是一名警官，但从

第二段的语义对比中不难看出作者要强调他也是一名真正的警官，所以certified符合语义要求，说明他是具有证书或执照的警官。

38． 【C2】

正确答案：L 解析：此处需要一个动词。本句中的parking lot使我们联想到“启动”或“停止”这一类的动词，在词库中，pulled up正是“停下”的意思。

39． 【C3】

正确答案：M

解析：此处需要一个名词。句子的意思是“当时收听到了有人向人群开的广播报道”。

40． 【C4】

正确答案：E 解析：此处需要一个形容词。在现场没有人知道子弹是从哪个方向射过来的，由此可以推断出，当时场面一定很混乱，chaotic意思是“混乱的”，chaos是它的名词形式。

41． 【C5】

正确答案：N

解析：此处需要一个名词。文章中已经告知我们这是一次电话访谈，在词库中只有interview含有此意，除了有“采访”的含义外，更常用的意思是“面试”，该词既可以用作动词，又可以用作名词。

42． 【C6】

正确答案：A

解析：此处需要一个名词。从上文可知，事发现场有一名学生被击中，并且后边的句子中明确表示学生胳膊上有擦伤，所以wound最合适。

43． 【C7】

正确答案：F

解析：此处需要一个非谓语动词。根据逻辑，这句话的意思应该是“警方在搜寻现场”。Scour就有“搜寻”的含义。

44． 【C8】

正确答案：I

解析：此处需要一个名词。当看到嫌犯的车迎面开来时，迫使他停下，这个空和前面的人称代词合起来做句子的宾语，因此vehicle一词最合适。

45． 【C9】

正确答案：D

解析：此处需要一个非谓语动词。这里说的是警方抓捕嫌犯的过程，应该是“警方命令嫌犯……”。

46． 【C10】

正确答案：H

解析：此处需要一个名词。这句话的意思是“警方在嫌犯的车上发现了一把左轮手，旁边还有一瓶……”。在词库中可与之搭配的词是liquor(烈性酒)。

Section B

Gender-Neutral Language[A]The practice of assigning masculine gender to neutral terms comes from the fact that every language reflects the prejudices of the society in which it evolved, and English evolved through most of its history in a male-centered, patriarchal society. Like any other language, however, English is always changing. One only has to read aloud sentences from the 19th century books assigned for this class to sense the shifts that have occurred in the last 150 years. When readers pick up something to read, they expect different conventions depending on the time in which the material was written. As writers in 1995, we need to be not only aware of the conventions that our readers may expect, but also conscious of the responses our words may elicit. In addition, we need to know how the shifting nature of language can make certain words awkward or misleading.”Man”[B]Man once was a truly generic word referring to all humans, but has gradually narrowed in meaning to become a word that refers to adult male human beings. Anglo-Saxons used the word to refer to all people. One example of this occurs when an Anglo-Saxon writer refers to a seventh-century English princess as “a wonderful man”. Man paralleled the Latin word homo, “a member of the human species” not “an adult male of the species”. The Old English word for adult male was waepman and the old English word for adult woman was wifman. In the course of time, wifman evolved into the word “woman”. “Man” eventually ceased to be used to refer to individual women and replaced waepman as a specific term distinguishing an adult male from an adult female. But man continued to be used in generalizations about both sexes.[C]By the 18th century, the modern, narrow sense of man was firmly established as the predominant one. When Edmund Burke, writing of the French Revolution, used men in the old, inclusive way, he took pains to spell out his meaning: “Such a deplorable havoc is made in the minds of men(both sexes)in France...” Thomas Jefferson did not make the same distinction in declaring that “all men are created equal” and “governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent

of the governed.” In a time when women, having no vote, could neither give nor withhold consent, Jefferson had to be using the word men in its principal sense of “males”, and it probably never occurred to him that anyone would think otherwise. Looking at modern dictionaries indicates that the definition that links “man” with males is the predominant one. Studies of college students and school children indicate that even when the broad definitions of “man” and “men” are taught, they tend to conjure up images of male people only. We would never use the sentence “A girl grows up to be a man”, because we assume the narrower definition of the word man.The Pronoun Problem[D]The first grammars of modern English were written in the 16th and 17th centuries. They were mainly intended to help boys from upper class families prepare for the study of Latin, a language most scholars considered superior to English. The male authors of these earliest English grammars wrote for male readers in an age when few women were literate. The masculine-gender Pronouns(代词)did not reflect a belief that masculine pronouns could refer to both sexes. The grammars of this period contain no indication that masculine pronouns were sex-inclusive when used in general references. Instead these pronouns reflected the reality of male cultural dominance and the male-centered world view that resulted.[E]”He” started to be used as a generic pronoun by grammarians who were trying to change a long-established tradition of using “they” as a singular pronoun. In 1850 an Act of Parliament gave official sanction(批准)to the recently invented concept of the “generic” he. In the language used in acts of Parliament, the new law said, “words importing the masculine gender shall be deemed and taken to include females”. Although similar language in contracts and other legal documents subsequently helped reinforce this grammatical edict in all English-speaking countries, it was often conveniently ignored. In 1879, for example, a move to admit female physicians to the all-male Massachusetts Medical Society was effectively blocked on the grounds that the society’s by-laws describing membership used the pronoun he.[F]Just as “man” is not truly generic in the 1990s, “he” is not a true generic pronoun. Studies have confirmed that most people understand “he” to refer to men only. Sentences like “A doctor is a busy person; he must be able to balance a million obligations at once” imply that all doctors are men. As a result of the fact that “he” is read by many as a masculine pronoun, many people, especially women, have come to feel that the generic pronouns excludes women. This means that more and more people find the use of such a pronoun problematic.Solving the Pronoun Problem[G]They as a singular — most people, when writing and speaking informally, rely on singular they as a matter of course: “If you love someone, set them free”(Sting). If you pay attention to your own speech, you’ll probably catch yourself using the same construction yourself. “It’s enough to drive anyone out of their senses”(George Bernard Shaw). “I shouldn’t like to punish anyone, even ii they’d done me wrong”(George Eliot). Some people are annoyed by the incorrect grammar that this solution necessitates, but this construction is used more and more frequently.[H]He or She — Despite the charge of clumsiness, double-pronoun constructions have made a comeback: “To be black in this country is simply too pervasive an experience for any writer to omit from her or his work”, wrote Samuel R.

Delany. Overuse of this solution can be awkward, however.[I]Pluralizing — A writer can often recast material in the plural. For instance, instead of “As he advances in his program, the medical student has increasing opportunities for clinical work,” try “As they advance in their program, medical students have increasing opportunities for clinical work”.[J]Eliminating Pronouns — Avoid having to use pronouns at all; instead of “a first grader can feed and dress himself, you could write, “a first grader can eat find get dressed without assistance”.[K]Further Alternatives — He / she or she / he, using one instead of he, or using a new generic pronoun.

47． In “all men are created equal” in Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, the word “men” refer to man because women didn’t have the right to vote.

正确答案：C

48． In 1879, a move to admit female physicians to the all-male Massachusetts Medical Society was effectively blocked for the reason that the society’s by-laws describing membership used the pronoun he.

正确答案：E

49． The first grammars of modern English were written in order to help boys from the upper class prepare for the study of Latin.

正确答案：D

50． “Man” paralleled the Latin word “homo” which means a member of the human species.

正确答案：B

51． Although some people are not satisfied with the incorrect grammar of singular “they”, this construction is used more and more frequently to solve the pronoun problem.

正确答案：G

52． When students are taught the broad definition of “man” and “men”, they think of male people only.

正确答案：C

53． Grammarians started to use “he” as a generic pronoun because they wanted to change a tradition of using “they” as a singular pronoun.

正确答案：E

． When most people read the word “he”, they would understand it to refer to men only.

正确答案：F

55． The word man could be used to refer to female human being in the past.

正确答案：B

56． Another way of solving the pronoun problem is to use the plural instead of the singular.

正确答案：I

Section C

Learning is an essential process for living things to acquire necessary skills and behaviors. Scientists have already found that there is a critical period for learning in man and animals. Once the right time for learning a skill or a certain behaviors has passed. This skill or behavior can never be properly learned. That we speak our own language perfectly and the languages we learn later imperfectly also depends off learning this skill at the right time. The brain develops in such a way that it is ready to learn to speak between the ages of about ten months and ten years. Languages learned later are not spoken perfectly. The ability to speak a language is a mixed motor and sensory skill. It is necessary to hear all the sounds, the subtle differences between similar but not identical sounds, the rhythm and tone of the language. One has also to work tongue, throat, and lips to control breathing. All this has to be managed at one and the same time. From some time after birth until the age of six or seven, normal children all learn this perfectly, and without much difficulty they can learn two or even three languages at the same time, without confusing one with the other. But later, most of us cannot acquire this skill. We may learn to write and read the new language perfectly, but to acquire the right accent and the ability to speak so that no one can detect that the language is not our mother tongue hardly ever occurs. But those of us who still want to learn foreign languages after these early milestones have been passed need not worry, for though we may not learn to speak a new language like the natives, we know from thousands of examples that we can go off learning languages beyond the age of eighty. There are so many activities adding up to the simple word “learning” that although some of the processes become less efficient with ageing of the brain, our actual experience of learning helps us in learning new materials. Normal social and emotional development probably also needs the correct stimulating at the right time. We can observe evidence of this in those rare cases of children who

have been completely neglected from birth. Sometimes illegitimate children in the country—are put away in barns to conceal their existence from the neighbors. They are taught nothing, not even to be house trained or to speak. These children then grow up mentally defective. Even if they are found and rescued by the age of four or five, it is too late. Though they can be taught a lot, their speech is always inadequate and their brains never reach the standards of their brothers or sisters.

57． What can we learn from the first paragraph about the critical period? A．It is a point at which the process of learning ends.

B．It is a phase which is crucial to the acquisition of a certain ability. C．It is a phase after which we do not need to acquire a certain ability. D．Mans and animals have a similar critical period for a certain ability.

正确答案：B

58． It can be inferred from the second paragraph that_______.

A．the brain is not prepared for language learning before the age often months B．speaking requires complex coordination of different body components C．children above seven cannot learn two or more languages at the same time D．the ability of speaking is independent from the ability of listening

正确答案：B

59． By saying that “to acquire the right accent. . . hardly ever occurs”(Para. 2), the author means that______.

A．one cannot distinguish his mother tongue from a new language

B．one cannot speak a new language in exactly the same way as the natives C．one cannot speak a new language as fluently as the natives D．one cannot speak a new language as correctly as the natives

正确答案：B

60． Those who have passed their critical period for language learning______. A．are more slow in learning than young children B．are impossible to learn a new language well

C．have no advantages in learning over young children D．find what they have learned more easier to forget

正确答案：A

61． The author cites the case of illegitimate children to show that______. A．children should also be taken good care of at their early age B．the development of brain stops at a rather early age

C．early age is crucial to development in other aspects as language D．intelligence is affected by the capacity of language learning

正确答案：C

Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly deficient of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divided world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological clans and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin’s early films. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, “Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way. “ A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from refined tinkle(清脆的声响)to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics(狂热者)appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get one-sided view of things. This is one of the chief functions of satire(讽刺)and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of serious political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can’t agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we are meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. The sense of humor must be singled out as man’s most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative — these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.

62． We can learn from the first paragraph that laughter_____. A．can resolve people’s opposition to each other B．is a universal feature shared by human beings C．plays a biological role unlike other bodily process D．has nothing to do with people’s sense of humor

正确答案：B

63． The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin’s early films because_____. A．they can amuse people B．they are very instructive

C．they show that certain comic stereotypes attract all the world D．they show that people all share the same ability to laugh

正确答案：C

． According to the passage, a sense of humor_____. A．can be reflected in many ways

B．can make us avoid making mistakes C．helps us lead a more healthy life

D．reminds us of the existence of tragedy

正确答案：A

65． The main purpose of irony and satire is_____. A．to enable us to see absurd actions B．to adjust balance of the world C．to take the wind out of politicians D．to show severe pain of human being

正确答案：B

66． The most important character exclusive to human beings is_____. A．humor B．courage

C．determination D．initiative

正确答案：A

Part Ⅳ Translation

67． 中国城市化将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的欠发达城市都面临着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迂徙，住房及城市基础设施(infrastructure)建设，包括水源和能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。城市化意味着可以在城市享受更好的教育和医疗资源。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店(retail outlets)来满足消费者的需求。

正确答案： China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people, and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Expanding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.