Grammar Past tense
一 动词过去式规则表
1. be am, is---------was are--were
2. 行为动词 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed look-looked play-played start-started show-showed ask-asked watch-watched help-helped call-called 以e 结尾加-d like-liked 的情况 exercise-exercised live-lived use-used skate-skated practice-practiced dance-danced guide-guided 以重读闭双写这个辅音字stop-stopped 音节结尾母，再加-ed shop-shopped 的动词，plan-planned 末尾只有一个辅音字母 以辅音字变 y 为i ，再加Study-studied 母加 结-ed Carry-carried 尾的动词 Worry-worried 清辅音后面读/t/ 浊辅音 和 元音后面读/d/ t 和 d 后面读/id/ 不规则动词表见142页。
二。一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）
1. 概念： 一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间存在的状态或发生的动作 。
2. 用法：常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening),
the day before yesterday( 后天 ); last month (last week, last year, last night, last
Sunday, last spring…) ; the year before last ; in 2015( in 2011…); just now; a moment ago( two years ago, five minutes ago….) ; in the past ；this morning等 e.g.
1) I met one of my old friends on my way home yesterday. 否定: I didn’t meet one of my old friends on my way home yesterday.
疑问:Did you meet one of your old friends on your way home yesterday? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
对划线部分提问: When did you meet one of your old friends on your way home? 2) She came back home to see us last weekend.
3)We visited my grandparents in another city the year before last. What did you do in another city the year before last? 4) Mary told us a joke just now. Who told you a joke just now? Mary did.
5) There were so many cars in the street in the past.
否定： There were not so many cars in the street in the past.
一般问句及肯定或否定回答：Were there so many cars in the street in the past? Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t.
6）She lived in the countryside two years ago. 否定: She didn’t live in the countryside two years ago.
一般问句及肯定或否定回答: Did she live in the countryside two years ago? Yes, she did./ No, she didn’t.
对划线部分提问: Where did she live two years ago? 3. 基本结构（肯定，否定，疑问及回答） 动词 肯定 否定 be He /She /I was at home a He/ She/ I wasn’t at home moment ago. a moment ago. We/They/ You were late We / They/ You weren’t for school yesterday. late for school yesterday. sleep I / You/ She/ He/ We/ They I/ You/ She/ He/ We/ They slept eight hours last night. didn’t sleep eight hours last night. 动词 疑问式及简略回答 be Was he/ she/ Iate home a moment ago? Was I at home a moment ago? Yes, he/ she was. Were you late for school yesterday? No, he/ she wasn’t. Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t. Yes, you were. No, you weren’t. Were they/you late for school yesterday? Yes, we/ they were. No, we/they weren’t. sleep Did you/ she/he/they sleep eight hours last night? Yes, I/ she/he/we/they did. No, I/ she/he/they/ we didn’t. Part Two New Words
1. milk 1) n.(un) There is some milk in the bottle.
2) Vt. milk a cow He milked a cow just now.
2. horse ride a horse e.g She rode a horse with her friends last weekend. 3. feed (fed) v.
He fed the chickens a moment ago. He has a large family to feed. feed the horse/ cow/ dog
be fed up with/ be bored with sth. 4. farmer (n.)
1) He was a farmer a few years ago.
2)farm(n.) on the farm My grandparents worked on the farm in the past. 3)farm(v.) It’s raining hard, but the farmers are still farming in the fields. 5. quite(adv.)
1)quite strong/ quite popular/ quite tall/quite healthy 2)quite well/ hard
3)quite a lot of ../ quite a few 6. anything pron.
1) There wasn’t anything new in the newspaper. 2) Was there anything wrong with your mouth?
3) You can do anything as you like. (肯定句中表任何)
4)She ate nothing this morning.=She didn’t eat anything this morning. 7. grow (vt.) (grew)
1)种植 grow flowers/ rice/ vegetables/apples/strawberries (开花结果的事物) She grew some flowers in her garden yesterday. People always grow vegetables in spring. 2）生长
The rice grows very well this year. 3) 长大；成长 (grow up)
My sister and I grew up in the countryside. 4) plant(种植) 树 plant trees
The farmers planted lots of trees in the mountains last year. 8. pick (picked)
1) pick apples/ pears/ bananas 2) pick up 捡起、 接人
Jane, look at the potatoes on the ground. Would you please pick them up? My father comes to pick me up at the school gate every day. 9. excellent (adj.)
an excellent teacher / All of my teachers are very excellent. 10. countryside
1) in the countryside 2) come from the countryside 3) grow up in the countryside 11. worry
1) v. worry about sth./sb.= be worried about sth./sb There is nothing to worry about.
Don’t worry about him.=Don’t be worried about him. 2) worried (adj.)
She always looks worried.
He is always worried about his son. 3). n. worries (烦恼)
Jim has a lot of worries these days. 12. luck-----lucky----luckily----unluckily
1) People always think that dogs can bring them good luck. 2)She is a lucky woman to have a happy family.
She felt very lucky to get out of danger in the end. 3) Luckily, he was just in time for the meeting.
4) Unluckily, he lost his daughter in the strange city. 13. sun ( n.)
1) in the sun It’s bad for your eyes to read in the sun.
2) The teacher told us that the earth always goes around the sun. 3) The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 14. fire n.
It’s quite dangerous for children to play with the fire. put out the fire 扑灭火 / make a fire 生火 * firemen / fire station 15. exciting (adj.)
1) exciting an exciting football match / This game is very exciting. 2) excited (adj.) （人的状态）
feel/ be / look excited They felt very excited about the news.
make sb. excited The exciting news made all of us very excited. 16. lovely (adj.)
look/ be lovely/ a lovely girl 17. expensive adj. 反 cheap
1) an expensive house/ The car sounds a little expensive.
2) kind of expensive/ much too expensive/ really expensive/ quite expensive 18. slow adj. a slow car
1) slowly walk slowly/ swim slowly
2) slow (v.) slow down 19. fast
1) adj. 反 slow 2)adv. 反slowly
区别fast, quickly, soon fast （强调速度）
e.g. My father runs very fast.
quickly（强调动作）She eats her breakfast very quickly. soon（时间） He is coming back soon. 20. everything
1) pron. She is new in town, so she always thinks everything around her looks so strange.
2) 否定为部分否定 Everything isn’t new to her. (并非所有的一切对她来说都是新的。)
3）做主语，谓语用三单。Everything looks so beautiful and clean. She feels very relaxed.
21. interested (adj.) （人的状态） 1) be/ feel/ look interested in sth.
They are all interested in cooking.
I felt quite interested in growing vegetables . She looks really interested in reading this book. 2) make sb. interested in sth. 3) interesting adj. (事物的性质)
an interesting movie; an interesting man / The news sounds interesting. make sth. interesting
e.g The teacher always makes her lessons interesting and lively. 4) interest n.
have/ take/ show interest in sth. （对。。。。。。表现出兴趣） have a lot of interests(爱好)
places of interest （名胜古迹） 22. hear (heard) 听见（vt. ）
1) She can’t help crying when she heard the news.
2) hear sb./ sth. doing (do) （复习watch, see, find, look at, listen to…） Can you hear someone walking in the next room? She heard him singing happily in the bathroom.
3) hear of/ hear about 听说 hear from =get a letter from sb.=receive a letter from 4) hear that 从句 （听说）
I hear that she is going to have another baby.
5) 区别hear/ listen to ; find/ look for; see/look at 等表结果和动作的词，尤其是进行时态
She spent a few minutes listening to the tape, but she couldn’t hear anything. He looked for his missing child everywhere, but he didn’t find him anywhere. He is looking out of the window. What can he see?
课文要点摘录：
1. show sb. around (p62) 带某人参观
2. go fishing (p62.) 复习 go shopping/ go climbing/ go skating.. 3. It was so much fun. (p62.)
It was much fun to pay with monkeys.
We had much fun camping in the mountains. 4. come out (p63.)
Most flowers come out in spring. His new book came out last month.
5. visit a museum =go to an museum (p63.) 6. go on a school trip(p64.) 7. learn a lot about….(p65)
After the school trip, she learned a lot about how to feed animals. 8. teach sb. how to do sth. (p65.)=teach sb. to do My mother taught me how to make cakes. 9. on the slow train (p65.)
10. It was difficult to take photos.(p65) It is+ adj. for sb. to do
11. too many people (p65.) 复习 too much/ much too 12. not…at all (p65.) 一点也不
附录： 初一阶段所学动词表 1. thank---- 9.watch-- 17.watch-- 25. sell-- 2. spell---- 10.find--- 18.like--- 26.finish-- 3. see------ 11.know-- 19.eat-- 27.sing-- - 4. say------ 12.do--- 20.want-- 28.dance-- 5.call---- 13.go--- 21.look-- 29.draw-- 6.meet---- 14.have-- 22.need-- 30.speak-- 7.help--- 15.get-- 23.take-- 31.join-- 8. ask--- 16. play— 24. buy-- 32. tell-- 33.write-- 85. spend-- 89. blow-- 93. hear-- 34.talk-- 86. climb-- 90. feed-- 94. shout-- 35.make-- 87. put-- 91. water-- 95. start— 36. help-- 88. end-- 92. worry-- 96. see-- 37.teach-- 41.clean-- 45.live 49.come 38.brush-- 42.walk-- 46.drive 50.arrive 39.exercise-- 43.taste--- 47.stop 51.fight 40. run--- 44. ride-- 48. leave 52. listen 53.wear-- 57.read--- 61.learn 65.lose 54.bring-- 58.remember-- 62.sleep 66.cut 55.practice--. 59.follow-- 63.save 67.kill 56. relax--- 60. keep--- 64. forget 68. use 69.wash-- 73.miss-- 77.snow-- 81.skate-- 70.drink-- 74.wish-- 78.dry-- 82.post-- 71.shop-- 75.rain--- 79.visit-- 83.pay-- 72. study-- 76. cook-- 80. sit-- 84. turn-- 97. stand--
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