名词及所有格

名词及所有格

一、 名词的种类：

名词的概念：名词是用来表示人名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类，在句子中往往做主语、宾语、表语，有时也做定语。 可数名词

普通名词 物质名词 rice, sugar

名词分为： 不可数名词

抽象名词 work, information 专有名词 Shanghai, English

二、 名词的数：

可数名词有单数和复数之分，如 a book, two books。 名词复数的构成法： 规则： 例词 备注 一般情况在词尾加-s school--school, 少数以o结尾的单词需girls --girls 加-es,请记住tomato—tomatoes, potato—potatoes, Hero—heroes(英雄) 以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的bus---buses, box--boxes, 当fish表示的是几条鱼match--matches, 词加-es 时单复形式相同，one fish--fishes fish, two fish, 当fish指的是不同种类的鱼时，要加-es,当fish指的是可以吃的小菜时，为不可数。 以辅音字母加y结尾family--families, 以元音字母加-y结尾构的词，变y为i， 再city--cities 成字母组合的单词直接加-es 加-s, 如boys。 以f或fe结尾的单词，life—lives, shelf--shelves 少数以f或fe结尾的单把f或fe变为v再加词可直接加-s, 如 roofs, -es chiefs。 特殊情况： 1、 个别名词单复数同性，如one Chinese, two Chinese, one Japanese, two

Japanese, one sheep, two sheep, one deer, two deer(两只梅花鹿) 2、 有的名词复数形式由改变单数名词的元音字母构成，如man—men,

woman—women, foot—feet, tooth--teeth , goose—geese, mouse—mice, policeman—policemen, businesswoman—businesswomen 等。 3、 有的名词复数形式由单数名词加后缀构成，如child—children ,

ox—oxen等。 4、 有的名词单数形式表复数概念，如people(人们), police（）

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三、 不可数名词及其数量的表示

1．不可数名词没有复数形式，但paper 在作为报纸或讲释时为可数名词，news(消息)尽管以-s，结尾，实为不可数名词。 2．不可数名词可以用量词来修饰，如

a piece of paper/news/ bread/meat a glass of milk/water a cup of tea a bottle of ink two loaves of bread some advice a little work a lot of homework

四、 专有名词

专有名词是表示具体的人名、地名或事物、机构等名称，通常第一个字母大写，且多不加冠词，但由普通名词构成的专有名词除外。 January (月份)， Wednesday (星期)， China, New York（地名），Mr. Green(称呼)，John Smith(人名)， the Great Wall (由普通名词构成的专有名词)

五、 名词所有格

1． 表示有生命的名词所有格：

（1） 一般在名词后加-'s，如Tom’s English teacher, Li Lei’s school bag

（2） 以s结尾的复数名词所有格，一般只在名词右上角加’，如the teachers’

office, the students’ desks, 但以s结尾的单数名词所有格加’s,如my boss’s glasses (我老板的眼镜)

（3） 如两个人共同拥有同样的东西，则在最后一个名词的后面加’s，如果是各

自拥有的，则两个名词后面都要加’s,如Lucy and Lily’s bedroom（共有），Lucy’s and Lily’s schoolbags (各自所有) 2．表示无生命的名词所有格

（1）通常采用“of +名词”结构来表示无生命的名词所有格，放在被修饰名词的后面, 如the gate of the school, the door of the bus

（2）有些表时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词也可加’s构成所有格，如today’s newspaper, ten minutes’ walk （3）双重所有格

双重所有格是将of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起的形式，表示整体中的一部分或其中一个，如a friend of mine, a classmate of my father’s

六、 修饰可数名词和不可数名词的量词

修饰可数名词的量词：many , (a) few, a pair of , a group of 修饰不可数名词的量词：much, (a) little, a piece of

既可修饰也可修饰不可数的量词：some, a lot of, lots of

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针对性练习

I. Pick out the countable nouns and change them into the plural form(找出下列名

词中的可数名词并改为复数形式)

11. tooth_______________ 12. toy_________________ 13. photo_______________ 14. news________________ 15. watch_______________ 16. woman_____________ 17. newspaper___________ 18. rice_________________ 19. bread_______________ 20. leaf_________________

II. Translate the following phrases into English(将下列词组翻译成中文)： 1. 两袋米 __________ 6. 昨天的报纸_________________ 2. 三张纸______________ 7. 两盒鸡蛋___________________ 3. 四个苹果____________ 8. 许多城市___________________ 4. 五个日本人_________________ 9. 十二条鱼___________________ 5. 我妈妈的一只包_____________ 10. 一些牛奶___________________ III. Choose the best answer( 选择最恰当的答案)：

( )1. Uncle Tom is a farmer. He keeps many _____ on his farm.

A. bird B. horse C. pig D. sheep

( )2. Could you please get me some _____? I'm hungry.

A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg

( )3. Do you know ___________ ? Is she a doctor?

A. Tom and Mike’s mother B. Tom’s and Mike’s mother C. Tom and Mike’s mothers D. Tom’s and Mike’s mothers

( )4. We haven’t __________ homework today.

A. many B. much C. a lot of D. lots of

( )5. What colour would you like?

A. an orange B. orange C. oranges D. the orange

( )6. --Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest bus stop? --Go down this road. It’s about _____ walk.

A. five minute’s B. five minutes’ C. five-minutes D. five minutes

( )7. Mother bought two ______this morning, so we will have______ for lunch.

A. fish, fish B. fishes, fish C. fishes, fishes D. fish, fishes

( )8. I’m so hungry. Please give me _____ to eat.

A. three bread B. three pieces of bread

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1. mouse _____________ . 2. Chinese ____________ 3. milk_______________ 4. brush______________ 5. bus________________ 6. tomato_____________ 7. water______________ 8. knife_______________ 9. sheep_______________ 10. radio_______________

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C. three pieces of breads D. three piece of bread

( )9. ---Would you like something to drink? ---Oh, yes, just a little _____, please.

A. milk B. apple C. pears D. oranges ( )10. June 1st is _____________ Day.

A. Child Child’s C. Children D. Children’s

IV. Rewrite the following sentences as required(句型转换)： 1. I want to buy some books. (改为一般疑问句) _________ you want to buy ________ books? 2. Tom got many gifs on his birthday. (改为否定句)

Tom _________ _________ many gifts on his birthday. 3. There are five people in my family. (就划线部分提问) ________ _________ people are there in your family? 4. That cat is running after a mouse. (把句子改为复数形式) Those cats _________ running after some ________.

5. There are five bottles of milk in the box. (就划线部分提问) _______ ________ milk is there in the box.

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