python3中，os.path模块下常用的用法总结

返回⼀个⽬录的绝对路径Return an absolute path.

>>> os.path.abspath(\"/etc/sysconfig/selinux\")'/etc/sysconfig/selinux'>>> os.getcwd()'/root'

>>> os.path.abspath(\"python_modu\")'/root/python_modu'

返回⼀个⽬录的基名

Returns the final component of a pathname

>>> os.path.basename(\"/etc/sysconfig/selinux\")'selinux'

>>> os.path.basename(\"/usr/local/python3/bin/python3\")'python3'

返回⼀个⽬录的⽬录名

Returns the directory component of a pathname>>> os.path.dirname(\"/etc/sysconfig/selinux\")'/etc/sysconfig'

>>> os.path.dirname(\"/usr/local/python3/bin/python3\")'/usr/local/python3/bin'

测试指定⽂件是否存在

Test whether a path exists. Returns False for broken symbolic links>>> os.path.exists(\"/home/egon\")False

>>> os.path.exists(\"/root\")True

>>> os.path.exists(\"/usr/bin/python\")True

得到指定⽂件最后⼀次的访问时间

Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat(\"/root/test.sh\")

os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)>>> os.path.getatime(\"/root/test.sh\")1498117664.2808378

得到指定⽂件最后⼀次的改变时间

Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat(\"/root/test.sh\")

os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)>>> os.path.getctime(\"/root/test.sh\")1498117696.039542

得到指定⽂件最后⼀次的修改时间

Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat(\"/root/test.sh\")

os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)>>> os.path.getmtime(\"/root/test.sh\")1496629059.9313989

得到得到⽂件的⼤⼩

Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat(\"/root/test.sh\")

os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)>>> os.path.getsize(\"/root/test.sh\")568

测试参数是否是绝对路径

Test whether a path is absolute>>> os.path.isabs(\"python_modu\")False

>>> os.path.isabs(\"/etc/sysconfig\")True

测试指定参数是否是⽬录名

Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory.>>> os.path.isdir(\"/etc/sysconfig/selinux\")False

>>> os.path.isdir(\"/home\")True

测试指定参数是否是⼀个⽂件

Test whether a path is a regular file>>> os.path.isfile(\"/home\")

False

>>> os.path.isfile(\"/etc/sysconfig/selinux\")True

测试指定参数是否是⼀个软链接

Test whether a path is a symbolic link>>> os.path.islink(\"/etc/sysconfig/selinux\")True

>>> os.path.islink(\"/etc/sysconfig/nfs\")False

测试指定参数是否是挂载点

Test whether a path is a mount point

>>> os.path.ismount(\"/mnt/cdrom\")False

以上是未挂载光盘，现在把光盘挂载到/mnt/cdrom下，再进⾏测试>>> os.path.ismount(\"/mnt/cdrom\")True

join(a, *p)

将⽬录名和⽂件的基名拼接成⼀个完整的路径

Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed.If any component is an absolute path, all previous path componentswill be discarded. An empty last part will result in a path thatends with a separator.

>>> for filename in os.listdir(\"/home\"):... print(os.path.join(\"/tmp\... /tmp/a/tmp/f1.txt

返回指定⽂件的标准路径，⽽⾮软链接所在的路径

Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating anysymbolic links encountered in the path.>>> os.path.realpath(\"/etc/sysconfig/selinux\")'/etc/selinux/config'

>>> os.path.realpath(\"/usr/bin/python\")'/usr/bin/python2.7'

测试两个路径是否指向同⼀个⽂件

Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file测试两个打开的⽂件是否指向同⼀个⽂件

Test whether two open file objects reference the same file分割⽬录名，返回由其⽬录名和基名给成的元组

Split a pathname. Returns tuple \"(head, tail)\" where \"tail\" iseverything after the final slash. Either part may be empty.>>> os.path.split(\"/tmp/f1.txt\")('/tmp', 'f1.txt')

>>> os.path.split(\"/home/test.sh\")('/home', 'test.sh')

分割⽂件名，返回由⽂件名和扩展名组成的元组Split the extension from a pathname.

Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoringleading dots. Returns \"(root, ext)\"; ext may be empty.>>> os.path.splitext(\"/home/test.sh\")('/home/test', '.sh')

>>> os.path.splitext(\"/tmp/f1.txt\")('/tmp/f1', '.txt')