2020-2021学年上海市闵行区七宝中学
高三英语上学期10月月考试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp ____1____ you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and had the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills ____2____(assess)through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months _____3_____(take) the same sorts of tests.
Those who _____4_____(hold) mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function _____5_____ a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel tired, _____6_____it can help your brain stay healthy. ” It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work___7___can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’ s job, for example, _____8_____( require) multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调）,” she says. “You _____9_____ organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge ______10______mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.
Section B (10分)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
从方框里选择合适的词语的适当形式填空
A. essence B. amateur C. influential D. balanced AB. recognition AC. highlights AD. maximizing BC. overwhelmingly BD. talented CD. obsession ABC. prioritize When most of us recall our school sporting days, we tend to remember the friendships that were forged, the occasional personal ____11____and the far more frequent moments when our skill levels didn't quite match our idols'. However, not all of the present generation of schoolchildren may be able to look back on their sporting experiences with such fondness. There are growing fears, within independent schools in particular, that moves towards professional standards and a focus on winning may disagree with the ____12____ of school sports. The problem is, perhaps unsurprisingly, more prevalent in boys' sport, and especially so in rugby, where independent schools still provide the bulk of future England internationals. At the same time, there has been a surge in the number of schools offering scholarships to ____13____rugby players, driven by a desire to widen access, but also, on occasion, by a(n) ____14____that success on the playing field may be a potential marketing tool. One director of rugby at a top-performing school in the South-East reports that his star under-16 player was poached(挖走)by a rival school which offered him a full scholarship. ‘We weren’t prepared to enter into a bidding war over a 15-year-old kid,’ he says rather pitifully.
Chris Morgan, director of sport at Tonbridge, is a critic of these shifts towards becoming superstar sports schools, 'An increasing number of schools seem to be using sports scholarships as part of their business model,’ he says. ‘They place rugby above other sports as it seems to be more____15____in parents’ decision-making over which school they want to send their children to.’
As a result, some of Morgan's counterparts at other independent schools feel under pressure to focus on winning rather than____16____ enjoyment. ‘If everything you put on your website is about which teams won, it is easy to see how coaches, boys and parents can think that results are the most important barometer of success.’
Several coaches feel that their efforts to ____17____players’ enjoyment over results are at risk of being undermined by the temptation to see sport as an extension of academic league tables.
One director of rugby told me that whenever they lose a game, his headmaster calls a meeting on the Monday morning in which he demands an explanation for the defeat. ‘The head can't understand that sport isn't just about winning,’ he says.
So, with increasingly professional set-ups and a seeming ____18____with winning at all costs, has school sport lost its innocence?
Certainly not, says Kevin Knibbs, Headmaster of Hampton School in South West London, and Chair of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference(HMC)Sports Sub-Committee ‘Independent schools understand that
sport is hugely beneficial to young people. While there have been substantial improvements in the standard of sports facilities, coaching, and performance in independent schools over the past decade, this is____19____ with, an emphasis on safety, wellbeing and general fitness. Together these things have had a(n) ____20____positive impact on young people’s experiences of sport in HMC schools, ' he says. 'Pupils are free to enjoy playing a wide range of sports with their friends without facing undue pressure to wip or needing to follow an over-intensive training regime, Knibbs continue.
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分） Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex___21___ not only refers to the unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is ___22___ worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. That’s obviously devastating for everything in nature--including us.
“If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the ___23___ and we do not exist without it.”
Preventing such a catastrophe says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to ___24___ course. “The two greatest ___25___ of biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and overexploitation, primarily in the ocean,” Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently ___26___ more lands and oceans and managing them for their conservation values.
That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the___27___ also encourages nations, in full partnership with local communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, ___28___ the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems.
The campaign also recognizes the importance of___29___ local rights. Local peoples manage or hold tenure(保有权) over lands that support about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, making it ____30____ for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies.
____31____, protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Enric Sala. Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change, Sala's paper asserts, “would ____32____catastrophic(灾难性的) climate change, conserve species, and
,
secure essential ecosystem services.”
“Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), salt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants ____33____ much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isn't enough.” Bottom line: Nature needs us to act-now. “Moving to Mars is not a(n) ____34____,” Sala adds. “The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth ...we are ____35____ protecting it.” 21. A. argument 22. A. altering 23. A. ecosystem 24. A. affect 25. A. aspects 26. A. acquiring 27. A. management 28. A. consume 29. A. denying 30. A. essential 31. A. Besides 32. A. witness 33. A. measure 34. A. mission 35. A. worried about
B. term B. developing B. threat B. change B. causes B. protecting B. announcement B. destroy B. enjoying B. simple B. However B. detect B. absorb B. decision B. confident in
C. structure C. stabilizing C. cycle C. reverse C. consequences C. exploiting C. campaign C. lose C. ignoring C. temporary C. Thus C. confirm C. survive C. option C. responsible for
D. problem D. worsening D. procedure D. continue D. occasions D. possessing D. competition D. contain D. respecting D. profitable D. Otherwise D. avoid D. prevent D. exploration D. good at
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When 1 stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom.
I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during“club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to
follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher.
A tough woman with salt-and pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a, journalist by profession.
Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.
Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn't have become & reporter. She was the one who sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after. 36. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author. B. The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs.
C. Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author. D. The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were all about.
37. Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently? A. Stepping on the American soil for the first time. B. Being exposed to Greek literary works. C. Her mother's miserable death. D. Following the prettiest girl in his class. 38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that
A. Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students. B. Miss Hurd's contribution was recognized across the nation. C. Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd's teaching style. D The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired. 39. What is the text mainly about? A. How the author became a journalist.
.
B. The importance of inspiration in one's life. C. The teacher who shaped the author's life. D. Factors contributing to a successful career.
(B)
HOW TO GET THERE
BA and Royal Jordanian airlines fly direct between London Heathrow and Jordan’s capital city Amman (from £435; rj. com). Flight time is five hours.
HOW TO GET AROUND
Jordan is a joyfully easy country to travel around, in part due to its small size. You could drive from top to bottom in little over five hours if you wanted to. The national bus company has services between the main towns, and limited options to Petra and the Dead Sea. For full flexibility, you're better off hiring a car—roads are in good condition, and other drivers tend to be less manic (not stand up to free use of the car horn) compared to other countries in the Middle East. The traffic in Amman makes it frustrating, and nerve-wracking, to navigate, so pick up and drop off your car at the airport, a little outside of the city. The usual suspects have offices there (week’s hire from £235; hertz. jo).
HOW LONG TO SPEND
Given the short travel times between major sites, you could feasibly whip around Jordan in little under a week, spending a night in each location. However, it’s important to factor in the weather: your pace will slow in high temperatures, and you’ll find many Jordanians sensibly spending the hottest part of the day indoors, indulging in a long lunch. You’ll also want to devote a proper amount of time to each location: two or three nights in each of Petra and Wadi Rum will allow you to get to a few less explored corners, while two nights in Amman and one each at the Dead Sea and hot springs is about right. If you add in a side trip for some diving in the Red Sea, two weeks is plenty.
WHAT TO BUDGET
Staying in budget guesthouses, eating only from markets and street stalls, and using public transport, you could survive in Jordan on around £40 per day. Factor in a midrange hotel, car hire, guided tours and meals in local restaurants, and the figure could rise to £100-plus a day. The national currency is the dinar, and is available （第纳尔）from ATMs at all the main sites.
WHEN TO GO
High season is September to October and March to May, when the weather is warm but bearable. Note that price hikes are common in this period, and hotels get booked far in advance. One of the most pleasant times to visit is winter, from November to February, though be aware the desert gets very cold at night during this period. If you can
take the extreme temperatures of summer, it can be an excellent time to travel, with fewer tourists around.
HOW TO PLAN
See Lonely Planet’s Jordan and the Jordan tourist board’s official site, visitjordan.com, which has a wealth of information on general travel in the region and specific sites.
40. Which of the following statements is True about travelling in Jordan according to the passage? A. Drivers in Jordan use car horn more freely than those in other countries. B. It's better to drive your own car since the traffic in Amman is frustrating. C. Weather should be taken into consideration when you arrange holiday. D. Diving in Red Sea is a must if you plan to travel in Jordan for one week. 41. Which factor is NOT related with the budget according to the passage? A. To choose what kind hotels. B. To eat what kind of food. C. Whether to use cash or not. D. When to travel in Jordan.
42. The word “hikes” in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by the word “ ”. A. declines
B. rises
C. varies
D. collapses
（C）
First two hours, now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention making people angry.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover
investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.
Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are qualifies to use expedited (加速的) screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pays 85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 43. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to . A. stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide B highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports C. explain American's tolerance of current security checks D. emphasize the importance of privacy protection
44. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports? A. Frequent unexpected secret checks. B. New restrictions on carry-on bags. C. The declining efficiency of the TSA. D. An increase in the number of travellers.
45. One problem with the PreCheck program is . A. a dramatic reduction of its scale B. its wrongly-directed implementation C. govemment’s reluctance to back it D. an unreasonable price for enrollment
46. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Less Screening for More Safety B. PreCheck-a Belated Solution
.
C. Getting Stuck in Security Line D Underused PreCheck Lanes
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
______47______Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “ Why? Why? Why? ”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “ The great man,” said Mencius(孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart. “Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. ______48______We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. ______49______ .
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? ______50______Harriet Stowe mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment. A. We stop challenging custom.
B. That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. C. Either curiosity or discontent makes human being move forward. D. These deep human urges count for much more than ambition.
E. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
,
F. Discontent made the great names unsatisfied.
IV. Summary Writing
51. Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Vacations are a chance to take break from work, see the world and enjoy time with family. But do they make you happier? Researchers from the Netherlands set out to measure the effect that vacations have on overall happiness and how long it lasts. They studied happiness levels among 1, 530 Dutch adults, 974 of whom took a vacation during the 32-week study period. The study showed that the largest lift in happiness comes from the simple act of planning vacation. In the study, the effect of vacation expectation lifted happiness for eight weeks.
After the vacation, happiness quickly dropped back to baseline levels for most people. How much stress or relaxation a traveler experienced on the trip appeared to influence post-vacation happiness. There was no post-trip happiness benefit for travelers who said the vacation was “neutral” or “stressful.”
Surprisingly, even those travelers who described the trip as “relaxing” showed no additional jump in happiness after the trip. “They were no happier than people who had not been on holiday,” said the lead author, Jeroen Nawijn, tourism research lecturer at Breda University. The only vacationers who experienced an increase in happiness after the trip were those who reported feeling “very relaxed” on their vacation. Among those people, the vacation happiness effect lasted for just two weeks after the trip before returning to baseline levels.
One reason vacations don’t increase happiness after the trip may have to do with the stress of returning to work. And for some travelers, the holiday itself was stressful. “In comments from people, the thing they mentioned most referred to disagreements with a travel partner or being ill,” Mr. Nawijn said.
Since most of the happiness boost comes from planning and expecting a vacation, the study suggests that people may get more out of several small trips a year than one big vacation, Mr Nawijn said.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 虽然网上的信息应有尽有，但要辨别真伪也绝非易事。(available) (汉译英） 53. 这些历经时间考验的经典作品总能开拓读者的视野。( stand) (汉译英）
54. 以其捐款人命名的那个图书馆，定期邀请名人作讲座，吸引了许多市民的参与。(name) (汉译英） 55. 绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法，即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水手。(prevent) (汉译英）
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56. Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容