StandardTestMethodfor
CompressiveStrengthofHydraulicCementMortars(Using2-in.or[50-mm]CubeSpecimens)1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC109/C109M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.
1.Scope*
1.1Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthecompres-sivestrengthofhydrauliccementmortars,using2-in.or[50-mm]cubespecimens.
NOTE1—TestMethodC349providesanalternativeprocedureforthisdetermination(nottobeusedforacceptancetests).
1.2Thistestmethodcoverstheapplicationofthetestusingeitherinch-poundorSIunits.ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunitsareshowninbrackets.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnoncon-formancewiththestandard.
1.3ValuesinSIunitsshallbeobtainedbymeasurementinSIunitsorbyappropriateconversion,usingtheRulesforConversionandRoundinggiveninStandardIEEE/ASTMSI10,ofmeasurementsmadeinotherunits.
1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.(Warning—Freshhydrauliccementitiousmixturesarecausticandmaycausechemicalburnstoskinandtissueuponprolongedexposure.2)2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:3C91SpecificationforMasonryCement
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC01onCementandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC01.27onStrength.
CurrenteditionapprovedDec.1,2008.PublishedJanuary2009.Originallyapprovedin1934.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asC109/C109M–07´1.DOI:10.1520/C0109_C0109M-08.2SeethesectiononSafety,ManualofCementTesting,AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol04.01.3ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.
1C114TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofHydraulicCement
C150SpecificationforPortlandCement
C230/C230MSpecificationforFlowTableforUseinTestsofHydraulicCement
C305PracticeforMechanicalMixingofHydraulicCementPastesandMortarsofPlasticConsistency
C349TestMethodforCompressiveStrengthofHydraulic-CementMortars(UsingPortionsofPrismsBrokeninFlexure)
C511SpecificationforMixingRooms,MoistCabinets,MoistRooms,andWaterStorageTanksUsedintheTestingofHydraulicCementsandConcretes
C595SpecificationforBlendedHydraulicCements
C618SpecificationforCoalFlyAshandRaworCalcinedNaturalPozzolanforUseinConcrete
C670PracticeforPreparingPrecisionandBiasStatementsforTestMethodsforConstructionMaterialsC778SpecificationforStandardSand
C9SpecificationforSlagCementforUseinConcreteandMortars
C1005SpecificationforReferenceMassesandDevicesforDeterminingMassandVolumeforUseinthePhysicalTestingofHydraulicCements
C1157PerformanceSpecificationforHydraulicCementC1328SpecificationforPlastic(Stucco)CementC1329SpecificationforMortarCement
C1437TestMethodforFlowofHydraulicCementMortarIEEE/ASTMSI10StandardforUseoftheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetricSystem3.SummaryofTestMethod
3.1Themortarusedconsistsof1partcementand2.75partsofsandproportionedbymass.Portlandorair-entrainingportlandcementsaremixedatspecifiedwater/cementratios.Watercontentforothercementsisthatsufficienttoobtainaflowof11065in25dropsoftheflowtable.Two-inchor[50-mm]testcubesarecompactedbytampingintwolayers.Thecubesarecuredonedayinthemoldsandstrippedandimmersedinlimewateruntiltested.
*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard.
Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.
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4.SignificanceandUse
4.1Thistestmethodprovidesameansofdeterminingthecompressivestrengthofhydrauliccementandothermortarsandresultsmaybeusedtodeterminecompliancewithspeci-fications.Further,thistestmethodisreferencedbynumerousotherspecificationsandtestmethods.Cautionmustbeexer-cisedinusingtheresultsofthistestmethodtopredictthestrengthofconcretes.
5.Apparatus
5.1WeightsandWeighingDevices,shallconformtotherequirementsofSpecificationC1005.Theweighingdeviceshallbeevaluatedforprecisionandaccuracyatatotalloadof2000g.
5.2GlassGraduates,ofsuitablecapacities(preferablylargeenoughtomeasurethemixingwaterinasingleoperation)todelivertheindicatedvolumeat20°C.Thepermissiblevaria-tionshallbe62mL.Thesegraduatesshallbesubdividedtoatleast5mL,exceptthatthegraduationlinesmaybeomittedforthelowest10mLfora250-mLgraduateandforthelowest25mLofa500-mLgraduate.Themaingraduationlinesshallbecirclesandshallbenumbered.Theleastgraduationsshallextendatleastoneseventhofthewayaround,andintermediategraduationsshallextendatleastonefifthofthewayaround.5.3SpecimenMolds,forthe2-in.or[50-mm]cubespeci-mensshallbetightfitting.Themoldsshallhavenotmorethanthreecubecompartmentsandshallbeseparableintonotmorethantwoparts.Thepartsofthemoldswhenassembledshallbepositivelyheldtogether.Themoldsshallbemadeofhardmetalnotattackedbythecementmortar.FornewmoldstheRockwellhardnessnumberofthemetalshallbenotlessthan55HRB.Thesidesofthemoldsshallbesufficientlyrigidtopreventspreadingorwarping.TheinteriorfacesofthemoldsshallbeplanesurfacesandshallconformtothetolerancesofTable1.
5.4Mixer,BowlandPaddle,anelectricallydrivenmechani-calmixerofthetypeequippedwithpaddleandmixingbowl,asspecifiedinPracticeC305.
5.5FlowTableandFlowMold,conformingtotherequire-mentsofSpecificationC230/C230M.
5.6Tamper,anonabsorptive,nonabrasive,nonbrittlemate-rialsuchasarubbercompoundhavingaShoreAdurometerhardnessof80610orseasonedoakwoodrenderednonab-sorptivebyimmersionfor15mininparaffinatapproximately392°For[200°C],shallhaveacrosssectionofabout1⁄2by1in.or[13by25mm]andaconvenientlengthofabout5to6in.or[120to150mm].Thetampingfaceshallbeflatandatrightanglestothelengthofthetamper.
5.7Trowel,havingasteelblade4to6in.[100to150mm]inlength,withstraightedges.
5.8MoistCabinetorRoom,conformingtotherequire-mentsofSpecificationC511.
5.9TestingMachine,eitherthehydraulicorthescrewtype,withsufficientopeningbetweentheupperbearingsurfaceandthelowerbearingsurfaceofthemachinetopermittheuseofverifyingapparatus.Theloadappliedtothetestspecimenshallbeindicatedwithanaccuracyof61.0%.Iftheloadappliedbythecompressionmachineisregisteredonadial,thedialshallbeprovidedwithagraduatedscalethatcanbereadtoatleastthenearest0.1%ofthefullscaleload(Note2).Thedialshallbereadablewithin1%oftheindicatedloadatanygivenloadlevelwithintheloadingrange.Innocaseshalltheloadingrangeofadialbeconsideredtoincludeloadsbelowthevaluethatis100timesthesmallestchangeofloadthatcanbereadonthescale.Thescaleshallbeprovidedwithagraduationlineequaltozeroandsonumbered.Thedialpointershallbeofsufficientlengthtoreachthegraduationmarks;thewidthoftheendofthepointershallnotexceedthecleardistancebetweenthesmallestgraduations.Eachdialshallbeequippedwithazeroadjustmentthatiseasilyaccessiblefromtheoutsideofthedialcase,andwithasuitabledevicethatatalltimesuntilreset,willindicatetowithin1%accuracythemaximumloadappliedtothespecimen.
5.9.1Ifthetestingmachineloadisindicatedindigitalform,thenumericaldisplaymustbelargeenoughtobeeasilyread.Thenumericalincrementmustbeequaltoorlessthan0.10%ofthefullscaleloadofagivenloadingrange.Innocaseshalltheverifiedloadingrangeincludeloadslessthantheminimumnumericalincrementmultipliedby100.Theaccuracyoftheindicatedloadmustbewithin1.0%foranyvaluedisplayedwithintheverifiedloadingrange.Provisionmustbemadeforadjustingtoindicatetruezeroatzeroload.Thereshallbeprovidedamaximumloadindicatorthatatalltimesuntilresetwillindicatewithin1%systemaccuracythemaximumloadappliedtothespecimen.
NOTE2—Ascloseascanbereadisconsidered1⁄50in.or[0.5mm]alongthearcdescribedbytheendofthepointer.Also,onehalfofthescaleintervalisaboutascloseascanreasonablybereadwhenthespacingontheloadindicatingmechanismisbetween1⁄25in.or[1mm]and1⁄16in.or[1.6mm].Whenthespacingisbetween1⁄16in.or[1.6mm]and1⁄8in.or[3.2mm],onethirdofthescaleintervalcanbereadwithreasonablecertainty.Whenthespacingis1⁄8in.or[3.2mm]ormore,onefourthofthescaleintervalcanbereadwithreasonablecertainty.
5.9.2Theupperbearingshallbeasphericallyseated,hardenedmetalblockfirmlyattachedatthecenteroftheupperheadofthemachine.Thecenterofthesphereshalllieatthe
TABLE1PermissibleVariationsofSpecimenMolds
2-in.CubeMolds
Parameter
Planenessofsides
DistancebetweenoppositesidesHeightofeachcompartmentAnglebetweenadjacentfacesAA[50-mm]CubeMolds
InUse
New
[<0.025mm]
[50mm60.13mm][50mm+0.25mmto−0.13mm]9060.5°
InUse
[<0.05mm]
[50mm60.50mm][50mm+0.25mmto−0.38mm]9060.5°
New<0.001in.2in.60.0052in.+0.01in.to−0.005in.9060.5°
<0.002in.2in.60.022in.+0.01in.to−0.015in.9060.5°
Measuredatpointsslightlyremovedfromtheintersection.Measuredseparatelyforeachcompartmentbetweenalltheinteriorfacesandtheadjacentfaceandbetweeninteriorfacesandtopandbottomplanesofthemold.
2
C109/C109M–08
centerofthesurfaceoftheblockincontactwiththespecimen.Theblockshallbecloselyheldinitssphericalseat,butshallbefreetotiltinanydirection.Ahardenedmetalbearingblockshallbeusedbeneaththespecimentominimizewearofthelowerplatenofthemachine.Tofacilitateaccuratecenteringofthetestspecimeninthecompressionmachine,oneofthetwosurfacesofthebearingblocksshallhaveadiameterordiagonalofbetween2.83in.[70.7mm](SeeNote3)and2.9in.[73.7mm].Whentheupperblockbearingsurfacemeetsthisrequirement,thelowerblockbearingsurfaceshallbegreaterthan2.83in.[70.7mm].Whenthelowerblockbearingsurfacemeetsthisrequirement,thediameterordiagonalofupperblockbearingsurfaceshallbebetween2.83and31⁄8in.[70.7and79.4mm].Whenthelowerblockistheonlyblockwithadiameterordiagonalbetween2.83and2.9in.[70.7and73.7mm],thelowerblockshallbeusedtocenterthetestspecimen.Inthatcase,thelowerblockshallbecenteredwithrespecttotheupperbearingblockandheldinpositionbysuitablemeans.ThebearingblocksurfacesintendedforcontactwiththespecimenshallhaveaRockwellharnessnumbernotlessthan60HRC.Thesesurfacesshallnotdepartfromplanesurfacesbymorethan0.0005in.[0.013mm]whentheblocksarenewandshallbemaintainedwithinapermissiblevariationof0.001in.or[0.025mm].
NOTE3—Thediagonalofa2in.[50mm]cubeis2.83in.[70.7mm].
6.Materials
6.1GradedStandardSand:
6.1.1Thesand(Note4)usedformakingtestspecimensshallbenaturalsilicasandconformingtotherequirementsforgradedstandardsandinSpecificationC778.
NOTE4—SegregationofGradedSand—Thegradedstandardsandshouldbehandledinsuchamannerastopreventsegregation,sincevariationsinthegradingofthesandcausevariationsintheconsistencyofthemortar.Inemptyingbinsorsacks,careshouldbeexercisedtopreventtheformationofmoundsofsandorcratersinthesand,downtheslopesofwhichthecoarserparticleswillroll.Binsshouldbeofsufficientsizetopermittheseprecautions.Devicesfordrawingthesandfrombinsbygravityshouldnotbeused.
9.PreparationofSpecimenMolds
9.1Applyathincoatingofreleaseagenttotheinteriorfacesofthemoldandnon-absorptivebaseplates.Applyoilsandgreasesusinganimpregnatedclothorothersuitablemeans.Wipethemoldfacesandthebaseplatewithaclothasnecessarytoremoveanyexcessreleaseagentandtoachieveathin,evencoatingontheinteriorsurfaces.Whenusinganaerosollubricant,spraythereleaseagentdirectlyontothemoldfacesandbaseplatefromadistanceof6to8in.or[150to200mm]toachievecompletecoverage.Afterspraying,wipethesurfacewithaclothasnecessarytoremoveanyexcessaerosollubricant.Theresiduecoatingshouldbejustsufficienttoallowadistinctfingerprinttoremainfollowinglightfingerpressure(Note5).
9.2Sealthesurfaceswherethehalvesofthemoldjoinbyapplyingacoatingoflightcupgreasesuchaspetrolatum.Theamountshouldbesufficienttoextrudeslightlywhenthetwohalvesaretightenedtogether.Removeanyexcessgreasewithacloth.
9.3Sealmoldstotheirbaseplateswithawatertightsealant.Usemicrocrystallinewaxoramixtureofthreepartsparaffintofivepartsrosinbymass.Paraffinwaxispermittedasasealantwithmoldsthatclamptothebaseplate.Liquefythewaxbyheatingittoatemperatureofbetween230and248°For[110and120°C].Effectawatertightsealbyapplyingtheliquefiedsealantattheoutsidecontactlinesbetweenthemoldanditsbaseplate(Note6).
9.4Optionally,awatertightsealantofpetroleumjellyispermittedforclampedmolds.Applyasmallamountofpetroleumjellytotheentiresurfaceofthefaceofthemoldthatwillbecontactingthebaseplate.Clampthemoldtothebaseplateandwipeanyexcesssealantfromtheinteriorofthemoldandbaseplate.
NOTE5—Becauseaerosollubricantsevaporate,moldsshouldbecheckedforasufficientcoatingoflubricantimmediatelypriortouse.Ifanextendedperiodoftimehaselapsedsincetreatment,retreatmentmaybenecessary.
NOTE6—WatertightMolds—Themixtureofparaffinandrosinspecifiedforsealingthejointsbetweenmoldsandbaseplatesmaybefounddifficulttoremovewhenmoldsarebeingcleaned.Useofstraightparaffinispermissibleifawatertightjointissecured,butduetothelowstrengthofparaffinitshouldbeusedonlywhenthemoldisnotheldtothebaseplatebytheparaffinalone.Whensecuringclampedmoldswithparaffin,animprovedsealcanbeobtainedbyslightlywarmingthemoldandbaseplatepriortoapplyingthewax.Moldssotreatedshouldbeallowedtoreturntoroomtemperaturebeforeuse.
7.TemperatureandHumidity
7.1Temperature—Thetemperatureoftheairinthevicinityofthemixingslab,thedrymaterials,molds,baseplates,andmixingbowl,shallbemaintainedbetween73.565.5°For[23.063.0°C].Thetemperatureofthemixingwater,moistclosetormoistroom,andwaterinthestoragetankshallbesetat73.563.5°For[2362°C].
7.2Humidity—Therelativehumidityofthelaboratoryshallbenotlessthan50%.ThemoistclosetormoistroomshallconformtotherequirementsofSpecificationC511.8.TestSpecimens
8.1Maketwoorthreespecimensfromabatchofmortarforeachperiodoftestortestage.
10.Procedure
10.1CompositionofMortars:
10.1.1Theproportionsofmaterialsforthestandardmortarshallbeonepartofcementto2.75partsofgradedstandardsandbyweight.Useawater-cementratioof0.485forallportlandcementsand0.460forallair-entrainingportlandcements.Theamountofmixingwaterforotherthanportlandandair-entrainingportlandcementsshallbesuchastoproduceaflowof11065asdeterminedinaccordancewith10.3andshallbeexpressedasweightpercentofcement.
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10.1.2Thequantitiesofmaterialstobemixedatonetimeinthebatchofmortarformakingsixandninetestspecimensshallbeasfollows:
NumberofSpecimens65001375242230...
97402035359340...
Cement,gSand,gWater,mL
Portland(0.485)
Air-entrainingportland(0.460)Other(toflowof11065)
FIG.1OrderofTampinginMoldingofTestSpecimens
10.2PreparationofMortar:
10.2.1MechanicallymixinaccordancewiththeproceduregiveninPracticeC305.
10.3DeterminationofFlow:
10.3.1DetermineflowinaccordancewithproceduregiveninTestMethodC1437.
10.3.2Forportlandandair-entrainingportlandcements,merelyrecordtheflow.
10.3.3Inthecaseofcementsotherthanportlandorair-entrainingportlandcements,maketrialmortarswithvaryingpercentagesofwateruntilthespecifiedflowisobtained.Makeeachtrialwithfreshmortar.
10.3.4Immediatelyfollowingcompletionoftheflowtest,returnthemortarfromtheflowtabletothemixingbowl.Quicklyscrapethebowlsidesandtransferintothebatchthemortarthatmayhavecollectedonthesideofthebowlandthenremixtheentirebatch15satmediumspeed.Uponcompletionofmixing,themixingpaddleshallbeshakentoremoveexcessmortarintothemixingbowl.
10.3.5Whenaduplicatebatchistobemadeimmediatelyforadditionalspecimens,theflowtestmaybeomittedandthemortarallowedtostandinthemixingbowl90swithoutcovering.Duringthelast15softhisinterval,quicklyscrapethebowlsidesandtransferintothebatchthemortarthatmayhavecollectedonthesideofthebowl.Thenremixfor15satmediumspeed.
10.4MoldingTestSpecimens:
10.4.1Completetheconsolidationofthemortarinthemoldseitherbyhandtampingorbyaqualifiedalternativemethod.Alternativemethodsincludebutarenotlimitedtotheuseofavibratingtableormechanicaldevices.
10.4.2HandTamping—Startmoldingthespecimenswithinatotalelapsedtimeofnotmorethan2minand30saftercompletionoftheoriginalmixingofthemortarbatch.Placealayerofmortarabout1in.or[25mm](approximatelyonehalfofthedepthofthemold)inallofthecubecompartments.Tampthemortarineachcubecompartment32timesinabout10sin4rounds,eachroundtobeatrightanglestotheotherandconsistingofeightadjoiningstrokesoverthesurfaceofthespecimen,asillustratedinFig.1.Thetampingpressureshallbejustsufficienttoensureuniformfillingofthemolds.The4roundsoftamping(32strokes)ofthemortarshallbecom-pletedinonecubebeforegoingtothenext.Whenthetampingofthefirstlayerinallofthecubecompartmentsiscompleted,fillthecompartmentswiththeremainingmortarandthentampasspecifiedforthefirstlayer.Duringtampingofthesecondlayer,bringinthemortarforcedoutontothetopsofthemoldsaftereachroundoftampingbymeansoftheglovedfingersand
4
thetamperuponcompletionofeachroundandbeforestartingthenextroundoftamping.Oncompletionofthetamping,thetopsofallcubesshouldextendslightlyabovethetopsofthemolds.Bringinthemortarthathasbeenforcedoutontothetopsofthemoldswithatrowelandsmoothoffthecubesbydrawingtheflatsideofthetrowel(withtheleadingedgeslightlyraised)onceacrossthetopofeachcubeatrightanglestothelengthofthemold.Then,forthepurposeoflevelingthemortarandmakingthemortarthatprotrudesabovethetopofthemoldofmoreuniformthickness,drawtheflatsideofthetrowel(withtheleadingedgeslightlyraised)lightlyoncealongthelengthofthemold.Cutoffthemortartoaplanesurfaceflushwiththetopofthemoldbydrawingthestraightedgeofthetrowel(heldnearlyperpendiculartothemold)withasawingmotionoverthelengthofthemold.
10.4.3AlternativeMethods—Anyconsolidationmethodmaybeusedthatmeetsthequalificationrequirementsofthissection.Theconsolidationmethodconsistsofaspecificpro-cedure,equipmentandconsolidationdevice,asselectedandusedinaconsistentmannerbyaspecificlaboratory.Themortarbatchsizeofthemethodmaybemodifiedtoaccom-modatetheapparatus,providedtheproportionsmaintainthesameratiosasgivenin10.1.2.
10.4.3.1Separatequalificationsarerequiredforthefollow-ingclassifications:
ClassA,Non-airentrainedcements—foruseinconcrete,suchassoldunderSpecificationsC150,C595,andC1157.
ClassB,Air-entrainedcements—foruseinconcrete,suchassoldunderSpecificationsC150,C595,andC1157.
ClassC,Masonry,MortarandStuccoCements—suchassoldunderSpecificationsC91,C1328,andC1329.
10.4.3.2Analternativemethodmayonlybeusedtotestthecementtypesasgivenin10.4.3.1above,forwhichithasbeenqualified.
10.4.3.3ItcanalsobeusedforStrengthActivityIndexdeterminationsforflyashandslag,suchassoldunderSpecificationsC618andC9,providedthealternativemethodhasqualifiedforbothClassAandClassCcements.
10.4.4QualificationProcedure—ContactCCRLtopur-chasecementsamplesthathavebeenusedintheProficiencySampleProgram(PSP).Foursamples(5Kgeach)oftheclasstobequalifiedwillberequiredtocompleteasinglequalifica-tion(SeeNote7).
10.4.4.1Inoneday,preparereplicate6-cubeor9-cubebatchesusingoneofthecementsandcastaminimumof36cubes.Completeoneroundoftestsoneachcementondifferentdays.Storeandtestallspecimensasprescribedinthesectionsbelow.Testallcubesattheageof7-days.
C109/C109M–08
10.4.4.2Tabulatethecompressivestrengthdataandcom-pletethemathematicalanalysesasinstructedinAnnexA1.10.4.5RequalificationoftheAlternateCompactionMethod:10.4.5.1Requalificationofthemethodshallberequiredifanyofthefollowingoccur:
(1)EvidencethatthemethodmaynotbeprovidingdatainaccordancewiththerequirementsofTable2.
(2)ResultsthatdifferfromthereportedfinalaverageofaCCRL-PSPsamplewitharatingof3orless.
(3)Resultsthatdifferfromtheacceptedvalueofaknownreferencesamplewithestablishedstrengthvaluesbymorethantwicethemulti-laboratory1s%valuesofTable2.
Beforestartingtherequalificationprocedure,evaluateallaspectsofcubefabricationandtestingprocesstodetermineiftheoffendingresultisduetosomesystematicerrororjustanoccasionalrandomevent.
10.4.5.2Ifthecompactionequipmentisreplaced,signifi-cantlymodified,repaired,orhasbeenrecalibrated,requalifytheequipmentinaccordancewith10.4.4.
NOTE7—Itisrecommendedthatalargehomogenoussampleofcementbepreparedatthetimeofqualificationforuseasasecondarystandardandformethodevaluation.Frequenttestingofthissamplewillgiveearlywarningofanychangesintheperformanceoftheapparatus.
thespecimensareremovedfromthemoldsbefore24h,keepthemontheshelvesofthemoistclosetormoistroomuntiltheyare24-hold,andthenimmersethespecimens,exceptthoseforthe24-htest,insaturatedlimewaterinstoragetankscon-structedofnoncorrodingmaterials.Keepthestoragewatercleanbychangingasrequired.
10.6DeterminationofCompressiveStrength:
10.6.1Testthespecimensimmediatelyaftertheirremovalfromthemoistclosetinthecaseof24-hspecimens,andfromstoragewaterinthecaseofallotherspecimens.Alltestspecimensforagiventestageshallbebrokenwithinthepermissibletoleranceprescribedasfollows:
TestAge243728hdaysdaysdays
PermissibleTolerance
61⁄2h61h63h612h
10.5StorageofTestSpecimens—Immediatelyuponcompletionofmolding,placethetestspecimensinthemoistclosetormoistroom.Keepalltestspecimens,immediatelyaftermolding,inthemoldsonthebaseplatesinthemoistclosetormoistroomfrom20to72hwiththeiruppersurfacesexposedtothemoistairbutprotectedfromdrippingwater.If
TABLE2Precision
AcceptableCoefficient
TestAge,
ofVariationRangeofTest
Days
Resultsd2s%A1s%APortlandCements
Constantwater-cement
ratio:Single-lab
Av
Multi-lab
Av
BlendedCements
Constantflowmortar:Single-lab
37
Ifmorethanonespecimenatatimeisremovedfromthemoistclosetforthe24-htests,keepthesespecimenscoveredwithadampclothuntiltimeoftesting.Ifmorethanonespecimenatatimeisremovedfromthestoragewaterfortesting,keepthesespecimensinwateratatemperatureof73.563.5°For[2362°C]andofsufficientdepthtocompletelyimmerseeachspecimenuntiltimeoftesting.
10.6.2Wipeeachspecimentoasurface-drycondition,andremoveanyloosesandgrainsorincrustationsfromthefacesthatwillbeincontactwiththebearingblocksofthetestingmachine.Checkthesefacesbyapplyingastraightedge(Note8).Ifthereisappreciablecurvature,grindthefaceorfacestoplanesurfacesordiscardthespecimen.Aperiodiccheckofthecross-sectionalareaofthespecimensshouldbemade.
NOTE8—SpecimenFaces—Resultsmuchlowerthanthetruestrengthwillbeobtainedbyloadingfacesofthecubespecimenthatarenottrulyplanesurfaces.Therefore,itisessentialthatspecimenmoldsbekeptscrupulouslyclean,asotherwise,largeirregularitiesinthesurfaceswilloccur.Instrumentsforcleaningmoldsshouldalwaysbesofterthanthemetalinthemoldstopreventwear.Incasegrindingspecimenfacesisnecessary,itcanbeaccomplishedbestbyrubbingthespecimenonasheetoffineemerypaperorclothgluedtoaplanesurface,usingonlyamoderatepressure.Suchgrindingistediousformorethanafewthousandthsofaninch(hundredthsofamillimetre);wheremorethanthisisfoundnecessary,itisrecommendedthatthespecimenbediscarded.
37
4.03.63.86.86.46.6
11.310.210.719.218.118.7
3728
Av4.03.83.43.87.87.67.47.6
11.310.79.610.722.121.520.921.5
Multi-lab
3728
Av
MasonryCements
Constantflowmortar:Single-lab
Av
Multi-lab
Av
A728
7.97.57.711.812.011.9
22.321.221.833.433.933.7
72810.6.3Applytheloadtospecimenfacesthatwereincontactwiththetrueplanesurfacesofthemold.Carefullyplacethespecimeninthetestingmachinebelowthecenteroftheupperbearingblock.Priortothetestingofeachcube,itshallbeascertainedthatthesphericallyseatedblockisfreetotilt.Usenocushioningorbeddingmaterials.Bringthesphericallyseatedblockintouniformcontactwiththesurfaceofthespecimen.Applytheloadrateatarelativerateofmovementbetweentheupperandlowerplatenscorrespondingtoaloadingonthespecimenwiththerangeof200to400lbs/s[900to1800N/s].Obtainthisdesignatedrateofmovementoftheplatenduringthefirsthalfoftheanticipatedmaximumloadandmakenoadjustmentintherateofmovementoftheplateninthelatterhalfoftheloadingespeciallywhilethecubeisyieldingbeforefailure.
NOTE9—Itisadvisabletoapplyonlyaverylightcoatingofagoodquality,lightmineraloiltothesphericalseatoftheupperplaten.
Thesenumbersrepresent,respectively,the(1s%)and(d2s%)limitsasdescribedinPracticeC670.
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11.Calculation
11.1Recordthetotalmaximumloadindicatedbythetestingmachine,andcalculatethecompressivestrengthasfollows:
fm5P/A
(1)
referencesampleprogramsoftheCementandConcreteReferenceLaboratory.
where:
fm=compressivestrengthinpsior[MPa],P=totalmaximumloadinlbfor[N],andA=areaofloadedsurfacein2or[mm2].
Either2-in.or[50-mm]cubespecimensmaybeusedforthedeterminationofcompressivestrength,whetherinch-poundorSIunitsareused.However,consistentunitsforloadandareamustbeusedtocalculatestrengthintheunitsselected.Ifthecross-sectionalareaofaspecimenvariesmorethan1.5%fromthenominal,usetheactualareaforthecalculationofthecompressivestrength.Thecompressivestrengthofallaccept-abletestspecimens(seeSection12)madefromthesamesampleandtestedatthesameperiodshallbeaveragedandreportedtothenearest10psi[0.1MPa].
12.Report
12.1Reporttheflowtothenearest1%andthewaterusedtothenearest0.1%.Averagecompressivestrengthofallspecimensfromthesamesampleshallbereportedtothenearest10psi[0.1MPa].
13.FaultySpecimensandRetests
13.1Indeterminingthecompressivestrength,donotcon-siderspecimensthataremanifestlyfaulty.
13.2Themaximumpermissiblerangebetweenspecimensfromthesamemortarbatch,atthesametestageis8.7%oftheaveragewhenthreecubesrepresentatestageand7.6%whentwocubesrepresentatestage(Note10).
NOTE10—Theprobabilityofexceedingtheserangesis1in100whenthewithin-batchcoefficientofvariationis2.1%.The2.1%isanaverageforlaboratoriesparticipatingintheportlandcementandmasonrycement
13.3Iftherangeofthreespecimensexceedsthemaximumin13.2,discardtheresultwhichdiffersmostfromtheaverageandchecktherangeoftheremainingtwospecimens.Makearetestofthesampleiflessthantwospecimensremainafterdisgardingfaultyspecimensordisgardingteststhatfailtocomplywiththemaximumpermissiblerangeoftwospeci-mens.
NOTE11—Reliablestrengthresultsdependuponcarefulobservanceofallofthespecifiedrequirementsandprocedures.Erraticresultsatagiventestperiodindicatethatsomeoftherequirementsandprocedureshavenotbeencarefullyobserved;forexample,thosecoveringthetestingofthespecimensasprescribedin10.6.2and10.6.3.Impropercenteringofspecimensresultinginobliquefracturesorlateralmovementofoneoftheheadsofthetestingmachineduringloadingwillcauselowerstrengthresults.
14.PrecisionandBias
14.1Precision—TheprecisionstatementsforthistestmethodarelistedinTable2andarebasedonresultsfromtheCementandConcreteReferenceLaboratoryReferenceSampleProgram.Theyaredevelopedfromdatawhereatestresultistheaverageofcompressivestrengthtestsofthreecubesmoldedfromasinglebatchofmortarandtestedatthesameage.Asignificantchangeinprecisionwillnotbenotedwhenatestresultistheaverageoftwocubesratherthanthree.
14.2Theseprecisionstatementsareapplicabletomortarsmadewithcementsmixed,andtestedattheagesasnoted.Theappropriatelimitsarelikely,somewhatlargerfortestsatyoungeragesandslightlysmallerfortestsatolderages.
14.3Bias—Theprocedureinthistestmethodhasnobiasbecausethevalueofcompressivestrengthisdefinedintermsofthetestmethod.
15.Keywords
15.1compressivestrength;hydrauliccementmortar;hy-drauliccementstrength;mortarstrength;strength
ANNEX
(MandatoryInformation)
A1.ANALYSESOFTESTRESULTSFORQUALIFICATIONOFALTERNATECOMPACTIONMETHODS
A1.1CalculationofAverageWithin-BatchStandardDevia-tionandEliminationofOutliers—Tabulatetheresultsforeachcementsample(orround)inseparatespreadsheets.Inthespreadsheet,listresultsofeachbatchincolumnsandcompletethecalculationsasshowninTableA1.1.
A1.1.1Eliminateanyoutliersfromthetestdataandrepeatthecalculationsuntilnoneofthevalueslieoutsidethenormalrange.
A1.1.2TabulatethecubestrengthswithalltheoutlierseliminatedandcompletethecalculationsasshowninTableA1.2.
A1.2SummaryofResults—Compiletheresultsofthefour
6
roundsandcompletethecalculationsasshowninTableA1.3.Thenumberofoutliersshallnotexceed5%ofthetotalnumberoftestswhenroundedtothenearestwholenumber(forexample,4rounds34batches39cubes=144tests3(5%/100)=7.2or7).
A1.3PrecisionQualification—Calculatetherelativewithinbatcherror(RWBE%)asshowninTableA1.3.Thisvaluemustbelessthan2.1%tocomplywiththelimitestablishedinNote10ofthisspecification.
A1.4BiasQualification—ThetestresultscompiledinTableA1.3areevaluatedagainstthreelimitstodemonstrateanacceptablequalification.Thelimitshavebeenestablished
C109/C109M–08
TABLEA1.1ExampleUsing9CubeBatch
Round–2
CCRLSample#140CastDate–00/00/00ABatchNo.Cube1Cube2Cube3Cube4Cube5Cube6Cube7Cube8Cube9Average,XbSDbNb(Nb−1)SDb2IndustryAverageStrength,Xi=32.9237-DayStrengths,MPaB133.033.933.433.133.032.833.631.533.633.100.7093.936
C234.332.534.033.833.433.732.632.134.333.420.8295.432
D334.434.034.134.034.231.833.933.033.433.650.8195.265NrXrSDrMND
NormalRange
MaxMinOutlierswhere:XiXbSDb34.8131.40None
35.1231.71None
35.3532.95Cube6
E433.234.033.833.834.033.132.833.334.433.600.5292.1453633.440.6921.70335.3031.None
TABLEA1.2TestDataAftertheEliminationofOutliers
(ExampleUsing9CubeBatch)
Round–2
CCRLSample#140CastDate–00/00/00ABatchNo.Cube1Cube2Cube3Cube4Cube5Cube6Cube7Cube8Cube9Average,XbvSDbvNbv(Nbv−1)SDbv2B133.033.933.433.133.032.833.633.633.290.3981.092
IndustryAverageStrength,Xi=32.923RawCubeData:7-DayStrengths,MPa
C234.332.534.033.833.433.732.632.134.333.420.8295.348
D334.434.034.134.034.233.933.033.433.0.4681.462NrvXrvXiSDrvEr,MPaREr,%
E433.234.033.833.834.033.132.833.334.433.600.5292.1593433.5532.920.550.631.91
=industryaveragestrength(CCRL),
=averageoftestsvaluesinasinglebatch,=standarddeviationofasinglebatch=
where:XbvXiSDbvNbv(Nbv-1)SDbv2NrvXrvSDrv=averageofvalidtestvaluesobtainedperbatch,MPa,=industryaveragestrength(CCRL),MPa,=
(~X2Xbv!2ŒŒŒŒValidCube
Cube
(~X2Xb!2Nb(Nb−1)SDb2NrXrSDr=====
Nb–1numberoftestsperbatch,anintermediatecalculation,totalnumberoftestsperround,
grandaverageoftestsvaluesobtainedperround,MPa,meanstandarddeviationofround=
Batch
=====
Nbv–1numberofvalidtestsperbatch,anintermediatecalculation,
totalnumberofvalidtestsoftheround,
grandaverageofvalidtestsfortheround,MPa,meanstandarddeviationoftheround=
Batch
(2@~Nbv21!SDbv#
(@~Nb2
21!SDb#
MND
Nr–1=maximumnormaldeviation:useExcelTfunction
9=norminv(1−0.25/Nr,0,SDr)9orequivalent,orusestatisticaltablestofindtheinverseintegratednormaldistributionforanintegralvalueof(1−0.25/nr)inanormaldistributionwiths=SDr.
ErRErNrv–1=error=(Xi–Xrv),MPa,and
=relativeerrorfortheround,%=100(Er/Xrv).
NormalRange:
Maximum=(Xb+MND).Minimum=(Xb−MND).
Outlier=anytestvaluefallingoutsidethecalculatednormalrange.
statisticallyfromanalysesofhistoricalCCRLdataandaregiveninTableA1.4.
A1.5RationalefortheLimitsGiveninA1.4:
A1.5.1Themulti-laboratoryprecision(1s%)fortheaverageofnbatchesisgivenby:
s%ML,n5
Œ12
s%2212MLns%SO
SDA1.5.4Thelimitfordeviationofthemeanof4rounds
(95%confidence)is1.96timesthis,or0.98s%ML,n.
A1.5.5Thevaluesfors%MLands%SOforCementClassesAandC(non-air-entrainedcementsforconcreteandcementsformortarrespectively)arethe7-dayvaluesinthecurrentprecisionstatementofTestMethodC109/C109M.Thereap-pearstobenodataforCementClassB(air-entrainedcementsforconcrete).Workingontheassumptionthatthevalueofthisquantityisrelatedtotheaircontent,thevaluesadoptedforClassBarethemeanoftheA-andC-values.
A1.5.6Fortheapplicableconditions,theequationsabovegivethefollowing:
DerivationofLimitsforTableA1.4CementClass
BatchesperRound(n)
SingleOperators%(singlebatch)Multi-Laboratorys%(singlebatch)Multi-Laboratorys%(nbatches)
Limitfordeviationofasingleround%
Limitfordeviationofmeanoffourrounds%
ABCABC3.65.757.93.65.757.96.49.111.86.49.111.85.57.49.35.67.69.66.68.911.26.79.111.55.47.39.25.57.59.4
A1.5.2Thelimitfordeviationoftheindividualrounds(nofailuresbeingallowedwhen4roundsareperformed)is1.2s%ML,n,asusedinTestMethodsC114.
A1.5.3Themulti-laboratoryprecision(1s%)forthemeanof4roundsis0.5s%ML,n.
7
C109/C109M–08
TABLEA1.3SummaryofResults
A
BCCCRLDay#1234
139140141142
1234
DXi,MPa28.4732.9232.32.24
EXrv,MPa30.4233.5533.1433.01
FREr,%6.851.911.532.39
GNrvHSDrvI
(Nr−1)SDr232.939.987.299.106.853.170.652.012.1Pass
RoundRoundRoundRound
360.97340.55340.47360.51Max,REr,%Mean,REr,%GMWBE,MPaRWBE,%
MaxRWBE,%APrecisionTest
where:XrXrvRErv,%NrvSDrv=====
ŒŒindustryaveragestrength,MPa,
grandmeanvalueofthevalidtestsofaround,relativeerror=100(Xi−Xrv),
totalnumberofvalidtestsoftheround,meanstandarddeviationofaround=
Batch
(2@~Nbv21!SDrv#
(Nr−1)SDr2XgNgGMWBE====
Nrv–1intermediatecalculation,
grandmeanvalueofallvalidtests(4rounds),totalnumberofvalidtestsin4rounds,grandmeanwithin-batcherror,MPa=
Round
(2@~Nrv21!SDrv#
RWBE
MaxRWBE
ANg–1=relativewithinbatcherror,%=100(GMWBE/Xg),and=maximumallowedRWBE=2.10%(SeeNote10).
SeeNote9.
TABLEA1.4BiasQualificationRequirements
6CubeBatches(Min6BatchesperRound)
CementClassification(see10.4.3.1)
Maxallowablerelative
errorany4or6batches,MAREr%
Maxallowablerelativeerrormeanof4roundsof4or6batches<5%failures,GRE%Minimumallowableconfidencelimit,%MACL%
A6.6
B8.9
C11.2
9CubeBatches(Min4BatchesperRound)A6.7
B9.1
C11.5
5.47.39.25.57.59.4
959595959595
8
C109/C109M–08
TABLEA1.5BiasTests
(ExampleUsing9-CubeBatches,ClassACement)
MREr%,themaximumrelativeerrorvalueofthefourroundsMAREr%,maxallowableMRErfromTableA1.4GRE%,theaverageREr%ofthefourroundsMaximumlimitofMGREg%fromTableA1.4
Biasconfidencelimit,CL%
Minimumallowableconfidencelimit,MACL%(fromTableA1.4)Theaboveresultsindicatethedatafailstoshowcompliance.where:MREr,%MAREr,%GRE,%MAREg,%CL,%
6.856.7Fails3.135.5Pass96.9995Pass
=themaximumrelativeerror,%obtainedforanyround(from
valuesincolumnF,TableA1.3),
=themaximumallowablerelativeerror,%ofanyRound(Table
A1.4),
=thegrandaverageoftheREr,%valuesofthefourrounds,=maximumallowedGRE,%value(averageofcolumnF,Table
A1.3),and
=biasconfidencelimit,%,theconfidencewithwhichitcanbe
statedthattheerrorofthemeanof4roundsisnon-zero.CalculatethisbyuseofExcelTfunction9=ttest( NOTE—Thequalificationmethodfailsforbiasif(1)theMRErexceedstheMAREr,%limit;orif(2)theGRE,%exceedstheMGREglimitandtheCL,%exceeds95%. SUMMARYOFCHANGES CommitteeC01hasidentifiedthelocationofselectedchangestothistestmethodsincethelastissue,C109/C109M–07´1,thatmayimpacttheuseofthistestmethod.(ApprovedDecember1,2008). (1)Revised5.1. (2)Revised9.3,addednew9.4,andrevisedNote6. CommitteeC01hasidentifiedthelocationofselectedchangestothistestmethodsincethelastissue,C109/C109M–05,thatmayimpacttheuseofthistestmethod.(ApprovedAugust15,2007). (1)Revised5.9.2. ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstandard.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility. Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsandifnotrevised,eitherreapprovedorwithdrawn.YourcommentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandardsandshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommittee,whichyoumayattend.IfyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushouldmakeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStandards,attheaddressshownbelow. ThisstandardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.Individualreprints(singleormultiplecopies)ofthisstandardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheaboveaddressorat610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),orservice@astm.org(e-mail);orthroughtheASTMwebsite(www.astm.org). 9 因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容
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