C109C109M

StandardTestMethodfor

CompressiveStrengthofHydraulicCementMortars(Using2-in.or[50-mm]CubeSpecimens)1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC109/C109M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.

1.Scope*

1.1Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthecompres-sivestrengthofhydrauliccementmortars,using2-in.or[50-mm]cubespecimens.

NOTE1—TestMethodC349providesanalternativeprocedureforthisdetermination(nottobeusedforacceptancetests).

1.2Thistestmethodcoverstheapplicationofthetestusingeitherinch-poundorSIunits.ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunitsareshowninbrackets.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnoncon-formancewiththestandard.

1.3ValuesinSIunitsshallbeobtainedbymeasurementinSIunitsorbyappropriateconversion,usingtheRulesforConversionandRoundinggiveninStandardIEEE/ASTMSI10,ofmeasurementsmadeinotherunits.

1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.(Warning—Freshhydrauliccementitiousmixturesarecausticandmaycausechemicalburnstoskinandtissueuponprolongedexposure.2)2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:3C91SpecificationforMasonryCement

ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC01onCementandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC01.27onStrength.

CurrenteditionapprovedDec.1,2008.PublishedJanuary2009.Originallyapprovedin1934.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asC109/C109M–07´1.DOI:10.1520/C0109_C0109M-08.2SeethesectiononSafety,ManualofCementTesting,AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol04.01.3ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.

1C114TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofHydraulicCement

C150SpecificationforPortlandCement

C230/C230MSpecificationforFlowTableforUseinTestsofHydraulicCement

C305PracticeforMechanicalMixingofHydraulicCementPastesandMortarsofPlasticConsistency

C349TestMethodforCompressiveStrengthofHydraulic-CementMortars(UsingPortionsofPrismsBrokeninFlexure)

C511SpecificationforMixingRooms,MoistCabinets,MoistRooms,andWaterStorageTanksUsedintheTestingofHydraulicCementsandConcretes

C595SpecificationforBlendedHydraulicCements

C618SpecificationforCoalFlyAshandRaworCalcinedNaturalPozzolanforUseinConcrete

C670PracticeforPreparingPrecisionandBiasStatementsforTestMethodsforConstructionMaterialsC778SpecificationforStandardSand

C9SpecificationforSlagCementforUseinConcreteandMortars

C1005SpecificationforReferenceMassesandDevicesforDeterminingMassandVolumeforUseinthePhysicalTestingofHydraulicCements

C1157PerformanceSpecificationforHydraulicCementC1328SpecificationforPlastic(Stucco)CementC1329SpecificationforMortarCement

C1437TestMethodforFlowofHydraulicCementMortarIEEE/ASTMSI10StandardforUseoftheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetricSystem3.SummaryofTestMethod

3.1Themortarusedconsistsof1partcementand2.75partsofsandproportionedbymass.Portlandorair-entrainingportlandcementsaremixedatspecifiedwater/cementratios.Watercontentforothercementsisthatsufficienttoobtainaflowof11065in25dropsoftheflowtable.Two-inchor[50-mm]testcubesarecompactedbytampingintwolayers.Thecubesarecuredonedayinthemoldsandstrippedandimmersedinlimewateruntiltested.

*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard.

Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.

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C109/C109M–08

4.SignificanceandUse

4.1Thistestmethodprovidesameansofdeterminingthecompressivestrengthofhydrauliccementandothermortarsandresultsmaybeusedtodeterminecompliancewithspeci-fications.Further,thistestmethodisreferencedbynumerousotherspecificationsandtestmethods.Cautionmustbeexer-cisedinusingtheresultsofthistestmethodtopredictthestrengthofconcretes.

5.Apparatus

5.1WeightsandWeighingDevices,shallconformtotherequirementsofSpecificationC1005.Theweighingdeviceshallbeevaluatedforprecisionandaccuracyatatotalloadof2000g.

5.2GlassGraduates,ofsuitablecapacities(preferablylargeenoughtomeasurethemixingwaterinasingleoperation)todelivertheindicatedvolumeat20°C.Thepermissiblevaria-tionshallbe62mL.Thesegraduatesshallbesubdividedtoatleast5mL,exceptthatthegraduationlinesmaybeomittedforthelowest10mLfora250-mLgraduateandforthelowest25mLofa500-mLgraduate.Themaingraduationlinesshallbecirclesandshallbenumbered.Theleastgraduationsshallextendatleastoneseventhofthewayaround,andintermediategraduationsshallextendatleastonefifthofthewayaround.5.3SpecimenMolds,forthe2-in.or[50-mm]cubespeci-mensshallbetightfitting.Themoldsshallhavenotmorethanthreecubecompartmentsandshallbeseparableintonotmorethantwoparts.Thepartsofthemoldswhenassembledshallbepositivelyheldtogether.Themoldsshallbemadeofhardmetalnotattackedbythecementmortar.FornewmoldstheRockwellhardnessnumberofthemetalshallbenotlessthan55HRB.Thesidesofthemoldsshallbesufficientlyrigidtopreventspreadingorwarping.TheinteriorfacesofthemoldsshallbeplanesurfacesandshallconformtothetolerancesofTable1.

5.4Mixer,BowlandPaddle,anelectricallydrivenmechani-calmixerofthetypeequippedwithpaddleandmixingbowl,asspecifiedinPracticeC305.

5.5FlowTableandFlowMold,conformingtotherequire-mentsofSpecificationC230/C230M.

5.6Tamper,anonabsorptive,nonabrasive,nonbrittlemate-rialsuchasarubbercompoundhavingaShoreAdurometerhardnessof80610orseasonedoakwoodrenderednonab-sorptivebyimmersionfor15mininparaffinatapproximately392°For[200°C],shallhaveacrosssectionofabout1⁄2by1in.or[13by25mm]andaconvenientlengthofabout5to6in.or[120to150mm].Thetampingfaceshallbeflatandatrightanglestothelengthofthetamper.

5.7Trowel,havingasteelblade4to6in.[100to150mm]inlength,withstraightedges.

5.8MoistCabinetorRoom,conformingtotherequire-mentsofSpecificationC511.

5.9TestingMachine,eitherthehydraulicorthescrewtype,withsufficientopeningbetweentheupperbearingsurfaceandthelowerbearingsurfaceofthemachinetopermittheuseofverifyingapparatus.Theloadappliedtothetestspecimenshallbeindicatedwithanaccuracyof61.0%.Iftheloadappliedbythecompressionmachineisregisteredonadial,thedialshallbeprovidedwithagraduatedscalethatcanbereadtoatleastthenearest0.1%ofthefullscaleload(Note2).Thedialshallbereadablewithin1%oftheindicatedloadatanygivenloadlevelwithintheloadingrange.Innocaseshalltheloadingrangeofadialbeconsideredtoincludeloadsbelowthevaluethatis100timesthesmallestchangeofloadthatcanbereadonthescale.Thescaleshallbeprovidedwithagraduationlineequaltozeroandsonumbered.Thedialpointershallbeofsufficientlengthtoreachthegraduationmarks;thewidthoftheendofthepointershallnotexceedthecleardistancebetweenthesmallestgraduations.Eachdialshallbeequippedwithazeroadjustmentthatiseasilyaccessiblefromtheoutsideofthedialcase,andwithasuitabledevicethatatalltimesuntilreset,willindicatetowithin1%accuracythemaximumloadappliedtothespecimen.

5.9.1Ifthetestingmachineloadisindicatedindigitalform,thenumericaldisplaymustbelargeenoughtobeeasilyread.Thenumericalincrementmustbeequaltoorlessthan0.10%ofthefullscaleloadofagivenloadingrange.Innocaseshalltheverifiedloadingrangeincludeloadslessthantheminimumnumericalincrementmultipliedby100.Theaccuracyoftheindicatedloadmustbewithin1.0%foranyvaluedisplayedwithintheverifiedloadingrange.Provisionmustbemadeforadjustingtoindicatetruezeroatzeroload.Thereshallbeprovidedamaximumloadindicatorthatatalltimesuntilresetwillindicatewithin1%systemaccuracythemaximumloadappliedtothespecimen.

NOTE2—Ascloseascanbereadisconsidered1⁄50in.or[0.5mm]alongthearcdescribedbytheendofthepointer.Also,onehalfofthescaleintervalisaboutascloseascanreasonablybereadwhenthespacingontheloadindicatingmechanismisbetween1⁄25in.or[1mm]and1⁄16in.or[1.6mm].Whenthespacingisbetween1⁄16in.or[1.6mm]and1⁄8in.or[3.2mm],onethirdofthescaleintervalcanbereadwithreasonablecertainty.Whenthespacingis1⁄8in.or[3.2mm]ormore,onefourthofthescaleintervalcanbereadwithreasonablecertainty.

5.9.2Theupperbearingshallbeasphericallyseated,hardenedmetalblockfirmlyattachedatthecenteroftheupperheadofthemachine.Thecenterofthesphereshalllieatthe

TABLE1PermissibleVariationsofSpecimenMolds

2-in.CubeMolds

Parameter

Planenessofsides

DistancebetweenoppositesidesHeightofeachcompartmentAnglebetweenadjacentfacesAA[50-mm]CubeMolds

InUse

New

[<0.025mm]

[50mm60.13mm][50mm+0.25mmto−0.13mm]9060.5°

InUse

[<0.05mm]

[50mm60.50mm][50mm+0.25mmto−0.38mm]9060.5°

New<0.001in.2in.60.0052in.+0.01in.to−0.005in.9060.5°

<0.002in.2in.60.022in.+0.01in.to−0.015in.9060.5°

Measuredatpointsslightlyremovedfromtheintersection.Measuredseparatelyforeachcompartmentbetweenalltheinteriorfacesandtheadjacentfaceandbetweeninteriorfacesandtopandbottomplanesofthemold.

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C109/C109M–08

centerofthesurfaceoftheblockincontactwiththespecimen.Theblockshallbecloselyheldinitssphericalseat,butshallbefreetotiltinanydirection.Ahardenedmetalbearingblockshallbeusedbeneaththespecimentominimizewearofthelowerplatenofthemachine.Tofacilitateaccuratecenteringofthetestspecimeninthecompressionmachine,oneofthetwosurfacesofthebearingblocksshallhaveadiameterordiagonalofbetween2.83in.[70.7mm](SeeNote3)and2.9in.[73.7mm].Whentheupperblockbearingsurfacemeetsthisrequirement,thelowerblockbearingsurfaceshallbegreaterthan2.83in.[70.7mm].Whenthelowerblockbearingsurfacemeetsthisrequirement,thediameterordiagonalofupperblockbearingsurfaceshallbebetween2.83and31⁄8in.[70.7and79.4mm].Whenthelowerblockistheonlyblockwithadiameterordiagonalbetween2.83and2.9in.[70.7and73.7mm],thelowerblockshallbeusedtocenterthetestspecimen.Inthatcase,thelowerblockshallbecenteredwithrespecttotheupperbearingblockandheldinpositionbysuitablemeans.ThebearingblocksurfacesintendedforcontactwiththespecimenshallhaveaRockwellharnessnumbernotlessthan60HRC.Thesesurfacesshallnotdepartfromplanesurfacesbymorethan0.0005in.[0.013mm]whentheblocksarenewandshallbemaintainedwithinapermissiblevariationof0.001in.or[0.025mm].

NOTE3—Thediagonalofa2in.[50mm]cubeis2.83in.[70.7mm].

6.Materials

6.1GradedStandardSand:

6.1.1Thesand(Note4)usedformakingtestspecimensshallbenaturalsilicasandconformingtotherequirementsforgradedstandardsandinSpecificationC778.

NOTE4—SegregationofGradedSand—Thegradedstandardsandshouldbehandledinsuchamannerastopreventsegregation,sincevariationsinthegradingofthesandcausevariationsintheconsistencyofthemortar.Inemptyingbinsorsacks,careshouldbeexercisedtopreventtheformationofmoundsofsandorcratersinthesand,downtheslopesofwhichthecoarserparticleswillroll.Binsshouldbeofsufficientsizetopermittheseprecautions.Devicesfordrawingthesandfrombinsbygravityshouldnotbeused.

9.PreparationofSpecimenMolds

9.1Applyathincoatingofreleaseagenttotheinteriorfacesofthemoldandnon-absorptivebaseplates.Applyoilsandgreasesusinganimpregnatedclothorothersuitablemeans.Wipethemoldfacesandthebaseplatewithaclothasnecessarytoremoveanyexcessreleaseagentandtoachieveathin,evencoatingontheinteriorsurfaces.Whenusinganaerosollubricant,spraythereleaseagentdirectlyontothemoldfacesandbaseplatefromadistanceof6to8in.or[150to200mm]toachievecompletecoverage.Afterspraying,wipethesurfacewithaclothasnecessarytoremoveanyexcessaerosollubricant.Theresiduecoatingshouldbejustsufficienttoallowadistinctfingerprinttoremainfollowinglightfingerpressure(Note5).

9.2Sealthesurfaceswherethehalvesofthemoldjoinbyapplyingacoatingoflightcupgreasesuchaspetrolatum.Theamountshouldbesufficienttoextrudeslightlywhenthetwohalvesaretightenedtogether.Removeanyexcessgreasewithacloth.

9.3Sealmoldstotheirbaseplateswithawatertightsealant.Usemicrocrystallinewaxoramixtureofthreepartsparaffintofivepartsrosinbymass.Paraffinwaxispermittedasasealantwithmoldsthatclamptothebaseplate.Liquefythewaxbyheatingittoatemperatureofbetween230and248°For[110and120°C].Effectawatertightsealbyapplyingtheliquefiedsealantattheoutsidecontactlinesbetweenthemoldanditsbaseplate(Note6).

9.4Optionally,awatertightsealantofpetroleumjellyispermittedforclampedmolds.Applyasmallamountofpetroleumjellytotheentiresurfaceofthefaceofthemoldthatwillbecontactingthebaseplate.Clampthemoldtothebaseplateandwipeanyexcesssealantfromtheinteriorofthemoldandbaseplate.

NOTE5—Becauseaerosollubricantsevaporate,moldsshouldbecheckedforasufficientcoatingoflubricantimmediatelypriortouse.Ifanextendedperiodoftimehaselapsedsincetreatment,retreatmentmaybenecessary.

NOTE6—WatertightMolds—Themixtureofparaffinandrosinspecifiedforsealingthejointsbetweenmoldsandbaseplatesmaybefounddifficulttoremovewhenmoldsarebeingcleaned.Useofstraightparaffinispermissibleifawatertightjointissecured,butduetothelowstrengthofparaffinitshouldbeusedonlywhenthemoldisnotheldtothebaseplatebytheparaffinalone.Whensecuringclampedmoldswithparaffin,animprovedsealcanbeobtainedbyslightlywarmingthemoldandbaseplatepriortoapplyingthewax.Moldssotreatedshouldbeallowedtoreturntoroomtemperaturebeforeuse.

7.TemperatureandHumidity

7.1Temperature—Thetemperatureoftheairinthevicinityofthemixingslab,thedrymaterials,molds,baseplates,andmixingbowl,shallbemaintainedbetween73.565.5°For[23.063.0°C].Thetemperatureofthemixingwater,moistclosetormoistroom,andwaterinthestoragetankshallbesetat73.563.5°For[2362°C].

7.2Humidity—Therelativehumidityofthelaboratoryshallbenotlessthan50%.ThemoistclosetormoistroomshallconformtotherequirementsofSpecificationC511.8.TestSpecimens

8.1Maketwoorthreespecimensfromabatchofmortarforeachperiodoftestortestage.

10.Procedure

10.1CompositionofMortars:

10.1.1Theproportionsofmaterialsforthestandardmortarshallbeonepartofcementto2.75partsofgradedstandardsandbyweight.Useawater-cementratioof0.485forallportlandcementsand0.460forallair-entrainingportlandcements.Theamountofmixingwaterforotherthanportlandandair-entrainingportlandcementsshallbesuchastoproduceaflowof11065asdeterminedinaccordancewith10.3andshallbeexpressedasweightpercentofcement.

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10.1.2Thequantitiesofmaterialstobemixedatonetimeinthebatchofmortarformakingsixandninetestspecimensshallbeasfollows:

NumberofSpecimens65001375242230...

97402035359340...

Cement,gSand,gWater,mL

Portland(0.485)

Air-entrainingportland(0.460)Other(toflowof11065)

FIG.1OrderofTampinginMoldingofTestSpecimens

10.2PreparationofMortar:

10.2.1MechanicallymixinaccordancewiththeproceduregiveninPracticeC305.

10.3DeterminationofFlow:

10.3.1DetermineflowinaccordancewithproceduregiveninTestMethodC1437.

10.3.2Forportlandandair-entrainingportlandcements,merelyrecordtheflow.

10.3.3Inthecaseofcementsotherthanportlandorair-entrainingportlandcements,maketrialmortarswithvaryingpercentagesofwateruntilthespecifiedflowisobtained.Makeeachtrialwithfreshmortar.

10.3.4Immediatelyfollowingcompletionoftheflowtest,returnthemortarfromtheflowtabletothemixingbowl.Quicklyscrapethebowlsidesandtransferintothebatchthemortarthatmayhavecollectedonthesideofthebowlandthenremixtheentirebatch15satmediumspeed.Uponcompletionofmixing,themixingpaddleshallbeshakentoremoveexcessmortarintothemixingbowl.

10.3.5Whenaduplicatebatchistobemadeimmediatelyforadditionalspecimens,theflowtestmaybeomittedandthemortarallowedtostandinthemixingbowl90swithoutcovering.Duringthelast15softhisinterval,quicklyscrapethebowlsidesandtransferintothebatchthemortarthatmayhavecollectedonthesideofthebowl.Thenremixfor15satmediumspeed.

10.4MoldingTestSpecimens:

10.4.1Completetheconsolidationofthemortarinthemoldseitherbyhandtampingorbyaqualifiedalternativemethod.Alternativemethodsincludebutarenotlimitedtotheuseofavibratingtableormechanicaldevices.

10.4.2HandTamping—Startmoldingthespecimenswithinatotalelapsedtimeofnotmorethan2minand30saftercompletionoftheoriginalmixingofthemortarbatch.Placealayerofmortarabout1in.or[25mm](approximatelyonehalfofthedepthofthemold)inallofthecubecompartments.Tampthemortarineachcubecompartment32timesinabout10sin4rounds,eachroundtobeatrightanglestotheotherandconsistingofeightadjoiningstrokesoverthesurfaceofthespecimen,asillustratedinFig.1.Thetampingpressureshallbejustsufficienttoensureuniformfillingofthemolds.The4roundsoftamping(32strokes)ofthemortarshallbecom-pletedinonecubebeforegoingtothenext.Whenthetampingofthefirstlayerinallofthecubecompartmentsiscompleted,fillthecompartmentswiththeremainingmortarandthentampasspecifiedforthefirstlayer.Duringtampingofthesecondlayer,bringinthemortarforcedoutontothetopsofthemoldsaftereachroundoftampingbymeansoftheglovedfingersand

4

thetamperuponcompletionofeachroundandbeforestartingthenextroundoftamping.Oncompletionofthetamping,thetopsofallcubesshouldextendslightlyabovethetopsofthemolds.Bringinthemortarthathasbeenforcedoutontothetopsofthemoldswithatrowelandsmoothoffthecubesbydrawingtheflatsideofthetrowel(withtheleadingedgeslightlyraised)onceacrossthetopofeachcubeatrightanglestothelengthofthemold.Then,forthepurposeoflevelingthemortarandmakingthemortarthatprotrudesabovethetopofthemoldofmoreuniformthickness,drawtheflatsideofthetrowel(withtheleadingedgeslightlyraised)lightlyoncealongthelengthofthemold.Cutoffthemortartoaplanesurfaceflushwiththetopofthemoldbydrawingthestraightedgeofthetrowel(heldnearlyperpendiculartothemold)withasawingmotionoverthelengthofthemold.

10.4.3AlternativeMethods—Anyconsolidationmethodmaybeusedthatmeetsthequalificationrequirementsofthissection.Theconsolidationmethodconsistsofaspecificpro-cedure,equipmentandconsolidationdevice,asselectedandusedinaconsistentmannerbyaspecificlaboratory.Themortarbatchsizeofthemethodmaybemodifiedtoaccom-modatetheapparatus,providedtheproportionsmaintainthesameratiosasgivenin10.1.2.

10.4.3.1Separatequalificationsarerequiredforthefollow-ingclassifications:

ClassA,Non-airentrainedcements—foruseinconcrete,suchassoldunderSpecificationsC150,C595,andC1157.

ClassB,Air-entrainedcements—foruseinconcrete,suchassoldunderSpecificationsC150,C595,andC1157.

ClassC,Masonry,MortarandStuccoCements—suchassoldunderSpecificationsC91,C1328,andC1329.

10.4.3.2Analternativemethodmayonlybeusedtotestthecementtypesasgivenin10.4.3.1above,forwhichithasbeenqualified.

10.4.3.3ItcanalsobeusedforStrengthActivityIndexdeterminationsforflyashandslag,suchassoldunderSpecificationsC618andC9,providedthealternativemethodhasqualifiedforbothClassAandClassCcements.

10.4.4QualificationProcedure—ContactCCRLtopur-chasecementsamplesthathavebeenusedintheProficiencySampleProgram(PSP).Foursamples(5Kgeach)oftheclasstobequalifiedwillberequiredtocompleteasinglequalifica-tion(SeeNote7).

10.4.4.1Inoneday,preparereplicate6-cubeor9-cubebatchesusingoneofthecementsandcastaminimumof36cubes.Completeoneroundoftestsoneachcementondifferentdays.Storeandtestallspecimensasprescribedinthesectionsbelow.Testallcubesattheageof7-days.

C109/C109M–08

10.4.4.2Tabulatethecompressivestrengthdataandcom-pletethemathematicalanalysesasinstructedinAnnexA1.10.4.5RequalificationoftheAlternateCompactionMethod:10.4.5.1Requalificationofthemethodshallberequiredifanyofthefollowingoccur:

(1)EvidencethatthemethodmaynotbeprovidingdatainaccordancewiththerequirementsofTable2.

(2)ResultsthatdifferfromthereportedfinalaverageofaCCRL-PSPsamplewitharatingof3orless.

(3)Resultsthatdifferfromtheacceptedvalueofaknownreferencesamplewithestablishedstrengthvaluesbymorethantwicethemulti-laboratory1s%valuesofTable2.

Beforestartingtherequalificationprocedure,evaluateallaspectsofcubefabricationandtestingprocesstodetermineiftheoffendingresultisduetosomesystematicerrororjustanoccasionalrandomevent.

10.4.5.2Ifthecompactionequipmentisreplaced,signifi-cantlymodified,repaired,orhasbeenrecalibrated,requalifytheequipmentinaccordancewith10.4.4.

NOTE7—Itisrecommendedthatalargehomogenoussampleofcementbepreparedatthetimeofqualificationforuseasasecondarystandardandformethodevaluation.Frequenttestingofthissamplewillgiveearlywarningofanychangesintheperformanceoftheapparatus.

thespecimensareremovedfromthemoldsbefore24h,keepthemontheshelvesofthemoistclosetormoistroomuntiltheyare24-hold,andthenimmersethespecimens,exceptthoseforthe24-htest,insaturatedlimewaterinstoragetankscon-structedofnoncorrodingmaterials.Keepthestoragewatercleanbychangingasrequired.

10.6DeterminationofCompressiveStrength:

10.6.1Testthespecimensimmediatelyaftertheirremovalfromthemoistclosetinthecaseof24-hspecimens,andfromstoragewaterinthecaseofallotherspecimens.Alltestspecimensforagiventestageshallbebrokenwithinthepermissibletoleranceprescribedasfollows:

TestAge243728hdaysdaysdays

PermissibleTolerance

61⁄2h61h63h612h

10.5StorageofTestSpecimens—Immediatelyuponcompletionofmolding,placethetestspecimensinthemoistclosetormoistroom.Keepalltestspecimens,immediatelyaftermolding,inthemoldsonthebaseplatesinthemoistclosetormoistroomfrom20to72hwiththeiruppersurfacesexposedtothemoistairbutprotectedfromdrippingwater.If

TABLE2Precision

AcceptableCoefficient

TestAge,

ofVariationRangeofTest

Days

Resultsd2s%A1s%APortlandCements

Constantwater-cement

ratio:Single-lab

Av

Multi-lab

Av

BlendedCements

Constantflowmortar:Single-lab

37

Ifmorethanonespecimenatatimeisremovedfromthemoistclosetforthe24-htests,keepthesespecimenscoveredwithadampclothuntiltimeoftesting.Ifmorethanonespecimenatatimeisremovedfromthestoragewaterfortesting,keepthesespecimensinwateratatemperatureof73.563.5°For[2362°C]andofsufficientdepthtocompletelyimmerseeachspecimenuntiltimeoftesting.

10.6.2Wipeeachspecimentoasurface-drycondition,andremoveanyloosesandgrainsorincrustationsfromthefacesthatwillbeincontactwiththebearingblocksofthetestingmachine.Checkthesefacesbyapplyingastraightedge(Note8).Ifthereisappreciablecurvature,grindthefaceorfacestoplanesurfacesordiscardthespecimen.Aperiodiccheckofthecross-sectionalareaofthespecimensshouldbemade.

NOTE8—SpecimenFaces—Resultsmuchlowerthanthetruestrengthwillbeobtainedbyloadingfacesofthecubespecimenthatarenottrulyplanesurfaces.Therefore,itisessentialthatspecimenmoldsbekeptscrupulouslyclean,asotherwise,largeirregularitiesinthesurfaceswilloccur.Instrumentsforcleaningmoldsshouldalwaysbesofterthanthemetalinthemoldstopreventwear.Incasegrindingspecimenfacesisnecessary,itcanbeaccomplishedbestbyrubbingthespecimenonasheetoffineemerypaperorclothgluedtoaplanesurface,usingonlyamoderatepressure.Suchgrindingistediousformorethanafewthousandthsofaninch(hundredthsofamillimetre);wheremorethanthisisfoundnecessary,itisrecommendedthatthespecimenbediscarded.

37

4.03.63.86.86.46.6

11.310.210.719.218.118.7

3728

Av4.03.83.43.87.87.67.47.6

11.310.79.610.722.121.520.921.5

Multi-lab

3728

Av

MasonryCements

Constantflowmortar:Single-lab

Av

Multi-lab

Av

A728

7.97.57.711.812.011.9

22.321.221.833.433.933.7

72810.6.3Applytheloadtospecimenfacesthatwereincontactwiththetrueplanesurfacesofthemold.Carefullyplacethespecimeninthetestingmachinebelowthecenteroftheupperbearingblock.Priortothetestingofeachcube,itshallbeascertainedthatthesphericallyseatedblockisfreetotilt.Usenocushioningorbeddingmaterials.Bringthesphericallyseatedblockintouniformcontactwiththesurfaceofthespecimen.Applytheloadrateatarelativerateofmovementbetweentheupperandlowerplatenscorrespondingtoaloadingonthespecimenwiththerangeof200to400lbs/s[900to1800N/s].Obtainthisdesignatedrateofmovementoftheplatenduringthefirsthalfoftheanticipatedmaximumloadandmakenoadjustmentintherateofmovementoftheplateninthelatterhalfoftheloadingespeciallywhilethecubeisyieldingbeforefailure.

NOTE9—Itisadvisabletoapplyonlyaverylightcoatingofagoodquality,lightmineraloiltothesphericalseatoftheupperplaten.

Thesenumbersrepresent,respectively,the(1s%)and(d2s%)limitsasdescribedinPracticeC670.

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11.Calculation

11.1Recordthetotalmaximumloadindicatedbythetestingmachine,andcalculatethecompressivestrengthasfollows:

fm5P/A

(1)

referencesampleprogramsoftheCementandConcreteReferenceLaboratory.

where:

fm=compressivestrengthinpsior[MPa],P=totalmaximumloadinlbfor[N],andA=areaofloadedsurfacein2or[mm2].

Either2-in.or[50-mm]cubespecimensmaybeusedforthedeterminationofcompressivestrength,whetherinch-poundorSIunitsareused.However,consistentunitsforloadandareamustbeusedtocalculatestrengthintheunitsselected.Ifthecross-sectionalareaofaspecimenvariesmorethan1.5%fromthenominal,usetheactualareaforthecalculationofthecompressivestrength.Thecompressivestrengthofallaccept-abletestspecimens(seeSection12)madefromthesamesampleandtestedatthesameperiodshallbeaveragedandreportedtothenearest10psi[0.1MPa].

12.Report

12.1Reporttheflowtothenearest1%andthewaterusedtothenearest0.1%.Averagecompressivestrengthofallspecimensfromthesamesampleshallbereportedtothenearest10psi[0.1MPa].

13.FaultySpecimensandRetests

13.1Indeterminingthecompressivestrength,donotcon-siderspecimensthataremanifestlyfaulty.

13.2Themaximumpermissiblerangebetweenspecimensfromthesamemortarbatch,atthesametestageis8.7%oftheaveragewhenthreecubesrepresentatestageand7.6%whentwocubesrepresentatestage(Note10).

NOTE10—Theprobabilityofexceedingtheserangesis1in100whenthewithin-batchcoefficientofvariationis2.1%.The2.1%isanaverageforlaboratoriesparticipatingintheportlandcementandmasonrycement

13.3Iftherangeofthreespecimensexceedsthemaximumin13.2,discardtheresultwhichdiffersmostfromtheaverageandchecktherangeoftheremainingtwospecimens.Makearetestofthesampleiflessthantwospecimensremainafterdisgardingfaultyspecimensordisgardingteststhatfailtocomplywiththemaximumpermissiblerangeoftwospeci-mens.

NOTE11—Reliablestrengthresultsdependuponcarefulobservanceofallofthespecifiedrequirementsandprocedures.Erraticresultsatagiventestperiodindicatethatsomeoftherequirementsandprocedureshavenotbeencarefullyobserved;forexample,thosecoveringthetestingofthespecimensasprescribedin10.6.2and10.6.3.Impropercenteringofspecimensresultinginobliquefracturesorlateralmovementofoneoftheheadsofthetestingmachineduringloadingwillcauselowerstrengthresults.

14.PrecisionandBias

14.1Precision—TheprecisionstatementsforthistestmethodarelistedinTable2andarebasedonresultsfromtheCementandConcreteReferenceLaboratoryReferenceSampleProgram.Theyaredevelopedfromdatawhereatestresultistheaverageofcompressivestrengthtestsofthreecubesmoldedfromasinglebatchofmortarandtestedatthesameage.Asignificantchangeinprecisionwillnotbenotedwhenatestresultistheaverageoftwocubesratherthanthree.

14.2Theseprecisionstatementsareapplicabletomortarsmadewithcementsmixed,andtestedattheagesasnoted.Theappropriatelimitsarelikely,somewhatlargerfortestsatyoungeragesandslightlysmallerfortestsatolderages.

14.3Bias—Theprocedureinthistestmethodhasnobiasbecausethevalueofcompressivestrengthisdefinedintermsofthetestmethod.

15.Keywords

15.1compressivestrength;hydrauliccementmortar;hy-drauliccementstrength;mortarstrength;strength

ANNEX

(MandatoryInformation)

A1.ANALYSESOFTESTRESULTSFORQUALIFICATIONOFALTERNATECOMPACTIONMETHODS

A1.1CalculationofAverageWithin-BatchStandardDevia-tionandEliminationofOutliers—Tabulatetheresultsforeachcementsample(orround)inseparatespreadsheets.Inthespreadsheet,listresultsofeachbatchincolumnsandcompletethecalculationsasshowninTableA1.1.

A1.1.1Eliminateanyoutliersfromthetestdataandrepeatthecalculationsuntilnoneofthevalueslieoutsidethenormalrange.

A1.1.2TabulatethecubestrengthswithalltheoutlierseliminatedandcompletethecalculationsasshowninTableA1.2.

A1.2SummaryofResults—Compiletheresultsofthefour

6

roundsandcompletethecalculationsasshowninTableA1.3.Thenumberofoutliersshallnotexceed5%ofthetotalnumberoftestswhenroundedtothenearestwholenumber(forexample,4rounds34batches39cubes=144tests3(5%/100)=7.2or7).

A1.3PrecisionQualification—Calculatetherelativewithinbatcherror(RWBE%)asshowninTableA1.3.Thisvaluemustbelessthan2.1%tocomplywiththelimitestablishedinNote10ofthisspecification.

A1.4BiasQualification—ThetestresultscompiledinTableA1.3areevaluatedagainstthreelimitstodemonstrateanacceptablequalification.Thelimitshavebeenestablished

C109/C109M–08

TABLEA1.1ExampleUsing9CubeBatch

Round–2

CCRLSample#140CastDate–00/00/00ABatchNo.Cube1Cube2Cube3Cube4Cube5Cube6Cube7Cube8Cube9Average,XbSDbNb(Nb−1)SDb2IndustryAverageStrength,Xi=32.9237-DayStrengths,MPaB133.033.933.433.133.032.833.631.533.633.100.7093.936

C234.332.534.033.833.433.732.632.134.333.420.8295.432

D334.434.034.134.034.231.833.933.033.433.650.8195.265NrXrSDrMND

NormalRange

MaxMinOutlierswhere:XiXbSDb34.8131.40None

35.1231.71None

35.3532.95Cube6

E433.234.033.833.834.033.132.833.334.433.600.5292.1453633.440.6921.70335.3031.None

TABLEA1.2TestDataAftertheEliminationofOutliers

(ExampleUsing9CubeBatch)

Round–2

CCRLSample#140CastDate–00/00/00ABatchNo.Cube1Cube2Cube3Cube4Cube5Cube6Cube7Cube8Cube9Average,XbvSDbvNbv(Nbv−1)SDbv2B133.033.933.433.133.032.833.633.633.290.3981.092

IndustryAverageStrength,Xi=32.923RawCubeData:7-DayStrengths,MPa

C234.332.534.033.833.433.732.632.134.333.420.8295.348

D334.434.034.134.034.233.933.033.433.0.4681.462NrvXrvXiSDrvEr,MPaREr,%

E433.234.033.833.834.033.132.833.334.433.600.5292.1593433.5532.920.550.631.91

=industryaveragestrength(CCRL),

=averageoftestsvaluesinasinglebatch,=standarddeviationofasinglebatch=

where:XbvXiSDbvNbv(Nbv-1)SDbv2NrvXrvSDrv=averageofvalidtestvaluesobtainedperbatch,MPa,=industryaveragestrength(CCRL),MPa,=

(~X2Xbv!2ŒŒŒŒValidCube

Cube

(~X2Xb!2Nb(Nb−1)SDb2NrXrSDr=====

Nb–1numberoftestsperbatch,anintermediatecalculation,totalnumberoftestsperround,

grandaverageoftestsvaluesobtainedperround,MPa,meanstandarddeviationofround=

Batch

=====

Nbv–1numberofvalidtestsperbatch,anintermediatecalculation,

totalnumberofvalidtestsoftheround,

grandaverageofvalidtestsfortheround,MPa,meanstandarddeviationoftheround=

Batch

(2@~Nbv21!SDbv#

(@~Nb2

21!SDb#

MND

Nr–1=maximumnormaldeviation:useExcelTfunction

9=norminv(1−0.25/Nr,0,SDr)9orequivalent,orusestatisticaltablestofindtheinverseintegratednormaldistributionforanintegralvalueof(1−0.25/nr)inanormaldistributionwiths=SDr.

ErRErNrv–1=error=(Xi–Xrv),MPa,and

=relativeerrorfortheround,%=100(Er/Xrv).

NormalRange:

Maximum=(Xb+MND).Minimum=(Xb−MND).

Outlier=anytestvaluefallingoutsidethecalculatednormalrange.

statisticallyfromanalysesofhistoricalCCRLdataandaregiveninTableA1.4.

A1.5RationalefortheLimitsGiveninA1.4:

A1.5.1Themulti-laboratoryprecision(1s%)fortheaverageofnbatchesisgivenby:

s%ML,n5

Œ12

s%2212MLns%SO

SDA1.5.4Thelimitfordeviationofthemeanof4rounds

(95%confidence)is1.96timesthis,or0.98s%ML,n.

A1.5.5Thevaluesfors%MLands%SOforCementClassesAandC(non-air-entrainedcementsforconcreteandcementsformortarrespectively)arethe7-dayvaluesinthecurrentprecisionstatementofTestMethodC109/C109M.Thereap-pearstobenodataforCementClassB(air-entrainedcementsforconcrete).Workingontheassumptionthatthevalueofthisquantityisrelatedtotheaircontent,thevaluesadoptedforClassBarethemeanoftheA-andC-values.

A1.5.6Fortheapplicableconditions,theequationsabovegivethefollowing:

DerivationofLimitsforTableA1.4CementClass

BatchesperRound(n)

SingleOperators%(singlebatch)Multi-Laboratorys%(singlebatch)Multi-Laboratorys%(nbatches)

Limitfordeviationofasingleround%

Limitfordeviationofmeanoffourrounds%

ABCABC3.65.757.93.65.757.96.49.111.86.49.111.85.57.49.35.67.69.66.68.911.26.79.111.55.47.39.25.57.59.4

A1.5.2Thelimitfordeviationoftheindividualrounds(nofailuresbeingallowedwhen4roundsareperformed)is1.2s%ML,n,asusedinTestMethodsC114.

A1.5.3Themulti-laboratoryprecision(1s%)forthemeanof4roundsis0.5s%ML,n.

7

C109/C109M–08

TABLEA1.3SummaryofResults

A

BCCCRLDay#1234

139140141142

1234

DXi,MPa28.4732.9232.32.24

EXrv,MPa30.4233.5533.1433.01

FREr,%6.851.911.532.39

GNrvHSDrvI

(Nr−1)SDr232.939.987.299.106.853.170.652.012.1Pass

RoundRoundRoundRound

360.97340.55340.47360.51Max,REr,%Mean,REr,%GMWBE,MPaRWBE,%

MaxRWBE,%APrecisionTest

where:XrXrvRErv,%NrvSDrv=====

ŒŒindustryaveragestrength,MPa,

grandmeanvalueofthevalidtestsofaround,relativeerror=100(Xi−Xrv),

totalnumberofvalidtestsoftheround,meanstandarddeviationofaround=

Batch

(2@~Nbv21!SDrv#

(Nr−1)SDr2XgNgGMWBE====

Nrv–1intermediatecalculation,

grandmeanvalueofallvalidtests(4rounds),totalnumberofvalidtestsin4rounds,grandmeanwithin-batcherror,MPa=

Round

(2@~Nrv21!SDrv#

RWBE

MaxRWBE

ANg–1=relativewithinbatcherror,%=100(GMWBE/Xg),and=maximumallowedRWBE=2.10%(SeeNote10).

SeeNote9.

TABLEA1.4BiasQualificationRequirements

6CubeBatches(Min6BatchesperRound)

CementClassification(see10.4.3.1)

Maxallowablerelative

errorany4or6batches,MAREr%

Maxallowablerelativeerrormeanof4roundsof4or6batches<5%failures,GRE%Minimumallowableconfidencelimit,%MACL%

A6.6

B8.9

C11.2

9CubeBatches(Min4BatchesperRound)A6.7

B9.1

C11.5

5.47.39.25.57.59.4

959595959595

8

C109/C109M–08

TABLEA1.5BiasTests

(ExampleUsing9-CubeBatches,ClassACement)

MREr%,themaximumrelativeerrorvalueofthefourroundsMAREr%,maxallowableMRErfromTableA1.4GRE%,theaverageREr%ofthefourroundsMaximumlimitofMGREg%fromTableA1.4

Biasconfidencelimit,CL%

Minimumallowableconfidencelimit,MACL%(fromTableA1.4)Theaboveresultsindicatethedatafailstoshowcompliance.where:MREr,%MAREr,%GRE,%MAREg,%CL,%

6.856.7Fails3.135.5Pass96.9995Pass

=themaximumrelativeerror,%obtainedforanyround(from

valuesincolumnF,TableA1.3),

=themaximumallowablerelativeerror,%ofanyRound(Table

A1.4),

=thegrandaverageoftheREr,%valuesofthefourrounds,=maximumallowedGRE,%value(averageofcolumnF,Table

A1.3),and

=biasconfidencelimit,%,theconfidencewithwhichitcanbe

statedthattheerrorofthemeanof4roundsisnon-zero.CalculatethisbyuseofExcelTfunction9=ttest(,,1,1)9orequiva-lent,orusestatisticaltablestofindtheconfidenceinaone-tailed,paired-valuet-testonthesetofrounderrors.

NOTE—Thequalificationmethodfailsforbiasif(1)theMRErexceedstheMAREr,%limit;orif(2)theGRE,%exceedstheMGREglimitandtheCL,%exceeds95%.

SUMMARYOFCHANGES

CommitteeC01hasidentifiedthelocationofselectedchangestothistestmethodsincethelastissue,C109/C109M–07´1,thatmayimpacttheuseofthistestmethod.(ApprovedDecember1,2008).

(1)Revised5.1.

(2)Revised9.3,addednew9.4,andrevisedNote6.

CommitteeC01hasidentifiedthelocationofselectedchangestothistestmethodsincethelastissue,C109/C109M–05,thatmayimpacttheuseofthistestmethod.(ApprovedAugust15,2007).

(1)Revised5.9.2.

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