Chapter 3 Morphology
1. and the next:
Divide the following words into their separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme
a. microfilm e. telecommunication
b. bedraggled f. forefather
c. announcement g. psychophysics
d. predigestion h. mechanist
答： a. micro + film b. be + draggle + ed
c. announce + ment d. pre + digest + ion
e. tele + communicate + ion f. fore + father
g. psycho + physics h. mechan + ist
2. Think of three morpheme suffixes, give their meaning, and specify the types of stem they may be
suffixed to. Give at least two examples of each.
Model: -or
suffix: -or
meaning: the person or thing performing the action
stem type: added to verbs
examples: actor, “one who acts in stage plays, motion
pictures, etc. ” translator, “one who translates ”
答： (1) suffix: -able
meaning: something can be done or is possible
stem type: added to verbs
examples: acceptable, “can be accepted ”
respectable, “can be respected ”
(2) suffix: -ly
meaning: functional
stem type: added to adjectives
1
examples: freely. “adverbial form of ‘free ’ ”
quickly, “adverbial form of 'quick' ”.
(3) suffix: -ee
meaning: the person receiving the action
stem type: added to verbs
examples: employee, “one who works in a company ”
interviewee, “one who is interviewed ”
3. Think of three morpheme prefixes, give their meaning, and specify the types of stem they may be
prefixed to. Give at least two examples of each.
Model: a-
prefix: a-
meaning: “without; not ”
stem type: added to adjectives
examples: asymmetric, “lacking symmetry ” asexual,
“without sex or sex organs ”
答： (1) prefix: dis-
meaning: showing an opposite
stem type: added to verbs or nouns
examples : disapprove, “do not approve ”
dishonesty, “lack of honesty ”.
(2) prefix: anti-
meaning: against, opposed to
stem type: added to nouns or adjectives
examples : antinuclear, “opposing the use of atomic weapons and power ”
antisocial, “opposed or harmful to the laws and customs of an organized community. ”
2
(3) prefix: counter-
meaning: the opposite of
stem type: added to nouns or adjectives.
examples: counterproductive, “producing results o pposite to those intended ”
counteract, “act against and reduce the force or effect of (sth.) ”
4. The italicized part in each of the following sentences is an inflectional morpheme. Study each inflectional
morpheme carefully and point out its grammatical meaning.
Sue moves in high-society circles in London.
A traffic warden asked John to move his car.
The club has moved to Friday, February 22nd.
The branches of the trees are moving back and forth.
答： (1)-s, the third person singular, present simple tense
(2)-ed, the past tense
(3) has –ed, the present perfect
(4) are+v-ing, the plural form; the present progressive
5. Determine whether the words in each of the following groups are related to one another by processes of
inflection or derivation.
a) go, goes, going, gone
b) discover, discovery, discoverer, discoverable, discoverability
c) inventor, inventor ’s, inventors, inventors ’
d) democracy, democrat, democratic, democratize
答： (1) go, goes, going, gone (inflection)
go- the root form
go+es, simple present, 3 rd person singular
3
go+ing, present participle
gone, past participle
(2) discover, discovery, discoverer, discoverable, discoverability (derivation)
dis-, prefix (added to the nouns to form verbs) meaning reversal
-y, suffix (added after the verbs to form nouns) denoting a state or an action or its result
-er, a noun suffix added to the verbs, meaning a person or thing that perform a specified action or activity
-able, an adjective suffix added to verbs meaning able to be
-ability, a noun suffix, or a derivative suffix of – able,
meaning having the quality as in manageability （可办理性） and
suitability （适合性） .
(3) inventor, inventor ’ s, inventors, inventors ’ (a mixture of
inflection or derivation)
Derivation: invent+-or
Inflection: inventor ’s, inventors ’ indicating possessive case
(4) democracy, democrat, democratic, democratize (derivation)
-cy, added to the nouns ending with “t ” to form another noun
denoting a state governed in such a way.
-ic, an adjective suffix, added to the nouns to form adjectives
meaning related to or in resemblance with
-ize, a suffix added to the noun to form verbs denoting the conversion, transforming.
6. The following sentences contain both derivational and inflectional affixes. Underline derivational affixes and circle the inflectional affixes.
a) The farmer ’s cows escaped.
b) It was raining.
all of the
c) Those socks are inexpensive.
d) Jim needs the newer copy.
4
e) The strongest rower continued.
f) She quickly closed the book.
g) The alphabetization went well.
答：(略)
5
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容