【名师整理】2020年高考英语专题训练系列 3-4 阅读理解议论文

(一)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Anger is an emotion that can be hard to control. Despite this, we should learn how to manage anger in a constructive manner. In the most intense moments of anger, we usually have two choices — to fight or to run. Some choose the option of violence, which is a negative reaction to anger; and others choose to run. But the option of walking away and calming down is the more productive method of handling anger. It is difficult to walk away, especially when your heart is racing, and your anger is boiling over.

There are some other constructive ways of handling anger in any situation. First, you have to stop for a brief moment and think before you act. Take that moment and calm down if you feel yourself being pushed.

At that moment you should admit you are angry. If you refuse to admit you are angry or hurt, or if you make it appear that everything is all right, you are not managing angry in a productive way. You should first admit you are angry and let your feelings out before you blow up. For example, you can stay in a quiet place by yourself and shout; or you can talk to close friends to pour out your rage (愤怒). If you do not acknowledge your anger, it only builds up inside you and will eventually explode like a volcano.

Then, in order to manage your angry, you can ask yourself an important question that we all must ask ourselves ― What made me angry? When you get the answer, and then ask yourself ― Why did that made me angry? Through such logical reasoning, one tends to calm down and move towards a sensible solution.

1. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 is to ________. A. provide an example

B. make a comparison

D. develop a previous statement

C. introduce a new statement 2. If people face anger, ________. A. they know how to manage it

B. it is often quite hard to get away C. they can only choose to fight or to run D. they believe running means being a coward 3. It can be inferred from Para. 3 and 4 that ________. A. one can handle anger by oneself or in groups B. the first step of handling anger is to calm down

C. a person may handle anger by asking random questions D. acknowledging anger will do harm to a person’s health 4. The main purpose of the passage is _______. A. to tell readers what anger is

B. to explain why anger is hard to control C. to show the importance of handling anger D. to offer tips on handling anger 助读词汇 emotion n. 情感 constructive n. 建设性的 intense adj. 激烈的 productive adj. 富有成效的 acknowledge vt. 承认 explode vi. 爆发 sensible adj. 明智的 boil over 沸腾；爆发 blow up 爆炸 pour out 发泄 build up 积累

logical reasoning 逻辑推理

(二)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found.

Keeping the mind occupied with tasks — no matter how meaningless — keeps off negative emotions, the study found.

However, the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christopher Hsee, a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.

In a study, 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first, they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either handing in the first survey

nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. Whichever option they chose, they received a chocolate bar. It turned out that approximately two-thirds (68 students) chose the lazy option. Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put.

Prof. Hsee concluded that keeping busy helped keep people happy. He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy implications.

“Governments may increase the happiness of idle (闲散的) citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless”, he proposed.

At the individual level, he advised, “Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it.” He added, “Incidentally, thinking deeply or engaging in self-reflection counts as keeping busy, too.

“You do not need to be running around. You just need to be engaged, either physically or mentally.” 1. Keeping busy can make people happy because . A. it can help people get rid of laziness B. it can make people sleep better C. it can help get rid of negative emotions D. it can give people a sense of achievement

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The finding may contribute to politics. B. The officials have taken Prof. Hsee’s advice.

C. In the study half students handed in the first survey nearby. D. Governments can increase citizens’ happiness by building bridges. 3. What can we infer from the passage? A. Everybody is born to be lazy.

B. Only by keep working all the time can you gain happiness. C. Prof. Hsee’s finding was published in Psychological Science. D. Keeping busy can add to the possibility of being happy. 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain what happiness is. B. To advise people not to sit around. C. To advise people to do what they like to.

D. To show people how to take life correctly. 助读词汇

behavioral adj. 行为的 approximately adv. 大约 propose vt. 建议 individual adj. 个人的 self-reflection n. 反省 occupied with 忙于 keep off 避开

negative emotion 负面情绪 stay put 留在原处不动 policy implication 意义

(三)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Too often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven’t listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven’t quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us. Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it’s to remember — despite the benefit of notes — exactly what everyone said. But success depends on getting things right — and that means listening.

Listening isn’t the same thing as hearing; it’s not an effort actively. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification — it’s always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong. However, if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you’ll miss what the speaker is saying — probably at the very moment when he/she is saying something critical. And not having heard, you won’t know you’ve missed anything until it’s too late.

The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we’re going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished. We then stop listening. Even worse, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you’ve decided what to say there’s a fair chance you’ll interrupt to say it. Good listeners don’t interrupt. In fact it’s often worth explaining the main idea of what you’ve just been told before continuing to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this and it shows you have listened well.

Above all, be patient and accept that many people aren’t good communicators. It’s helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they’re speaking can reveal much about what they’re saying. Equally important, you should put yourself in the other person’s place; it’ll help you understand what they are getting at and form a response. But don’t be too clever. Faced with a know-all, many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing.

1. Which is the best title for this passage?

A. Don’t Be Too Clever B. Be a Good listener C. Don’t Miss Anything Critical D. Think of the Speaker 2. The underlined part can be best replaced by _________. A. what they imply B. what they lack C. what they attack D. what they achieve 3. We know the following from the last paragraph EXCEPT _________. A. a number of people are not good at communicating B. body gestures can tell a lot about what people are saying C. we should think more of others while having a talk D. faced with a know-all, we should try our best to be clever 4. What is the lesson we can learn from this passage? A. Don’t accuse others of not listening while talking with them. B. We should blame ourselves for not understanding other. C. Listening inattentively may lead to your failure in talk. D. Think carefully of what you’ll say before the speaker finishes. 助读词汇

faultless adj. 完美的；无缺点的 quiz vt. 询问 clarification n. 说明 critical adj. 关键的 reveal vt. 透露

inattentiveness n. 不专心 know-all n. 自以为无所不知的人 accuse sb. of… 指责某人……

make…come about 使……发生 additional information 进一步的信息 wander onto 游荡到

intellectually and emotionally 知性上和情感上

(四)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student, they always say, “My spoken English is poor.” However, their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”! I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.

First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if your attitude is positive. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know.

Second, they’re afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be fluency not accuracy. Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, in speaking your aim is fluency. You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well as you can, even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesn’t matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.

The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing was necessary for you to start speaking.

Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English, they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.

If you don’t use your English beyond the classroom, you’ll forget what English you know. Remember: use it or lose it! You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more.

1. What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A. Don’t be fluency. Just be accuracy!

B. Don’t be nervous, don’t be shy. Just write! C. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Just speak! D. Don’t be shy, don’t be fluency. Just listen and write!

2. The last paragraph is possibly close to the meaning of _________. A. more hurry, less speed B. better late than never C. silence is gold D. practice makes perfect 3. To improve spoken English, students should EXCEPT _________. A. try their best to enrich their vocabulary B. try to avoid being afraid of making mistakes

C. pay more attention to listening before opening mouth D. try to be as reactive as possible in learning English 4. The passage is most probably taken from a _________. A. teacher’s diary B. report on study C. sports newspaper D. movie magazine 助读词汇

reactive adj. 被动的 proactive adj. 积极主动的 expand vt. 扩大 tense n. 时态

accuracy n. 准确性 outlook n. 看法

passively adv. 被动地 get…across 使……被理解

seek out 找出；搜出 make allowance for 体谅

(五)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Children now worry more about their parents spending too much time on their mobiles or computers than parents worry about their children. Those who order their children to switch off televisions, computers or mobile phones because they fear they are becoming addicted might need to take a long hard look at their own screen habits, new research shows.

Almost 70% of children think their parents spent too much time on their mobile phone, iPad or other similar devices, a research found. More than a third of children worry that their parents struggle to switch off from technology and a quarter of children surveyed openly accuse them of double standards when it comes to excessive (过多的) use of mobile devices, televisions and computers. One in five British children say their parents do not listen to them properly when they are together because they are so busy checking their emails or picking up work messages.

The survey was carried out by Opinion Matters, a research agency for the New Forest National Park Authority. The authority has recently begun providing facilities for visitors to hand in mobile phones, tablets and other devices for fear that technology is invading (侵扰) family life and making it impossible for people to appreciate nature properly because they never switch off.

Dr Richard Graham, a consultant adolescent psychiatrist and expert in technology addiction at Capio Nightingale Hospital in London, said there is growing evidence that children are finding their parents’ preoccupation with communication technology increasingly worrisome.

Four in ten of the children surveyed admitted that they sometimes communicate with their parents by text, email or social media even they are in the next room. The survey found that six in ten parents worry their children are spending too much time glued to small screens at home but almost seven in ten children have the same fear for their parents.

Dr Aric Sigman told the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health conference that parents who cannot switch off risk driving them to a lifelong dependency on screens with striking similarities to alcoholism.

1. How many children questioned worry their parents spend too much time on screens? A. One in three. B. One in four. C. One in five. D. Almost seven in ten. 2. According to the Paragraph 3, we learn that _________. A. screen habits are ruining family life

B. parents have trouble receiving work messages C. children do not listen to their parents properly

D. parents are openly accused of double standards

3. According to Graham, what’s children’s attitude to their parents’ screen habits? A. Approving. B. Doubtful. C. Upset. D. Indifferent. 4. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To introduce the mobiles and computers to adults. B. To advise parents to spend more time on their children. C. To describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with. D. To compare today’s parent-child relationship with that in the past. 助读词汇 device n. 设备 facility n. 设施 consultant n. 顾问 evidence n. 证据；迹象 preoccupation n. 入神 dependency n. 依赖 alcoholism n. 酗酒 switch off 关掉

accuse sb. of… 指责某人…… double standards 双重标准 when it comes to… 当提到…… carry out 实施；完成 for fear that 生怕；以防 glued to 盯住不放

striking similarities 惊人的相似性

(六)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

There was once a lonely girl who longed desperately for love. One day while she was walking in the woods she found two starving song birds. She took them home and put them in a small golden cage. She nurtured (养育) them with love and the birds grew strong. Every morning they greeted her with a marvelous (动听的) song. The

girl felt great love for the birds. She wanted their singing to last forever.

One day the girl left the door to the cage open. The larger and stronger of the two birds flew from the cage. The girl watched anxiously as he circled high above her. She was so frightened that he would fly away and she would never see him again that as he flew close, she grasped at him wildly. She caught him in her fist. She seized him tightly within her hand. Her heart delighted at her success in capturing him. Suddenly she felt the bird go limp. She opened her hand stared in horror at the dead bird. Her desperate seizing love had killed him.

She noticed the other bird swinging on the edge of the cage. She could feel his great need for freedom, his need to fly high into the clear, blue sky. She lifted him from the cage and threw him softly into the air. The bird circled once, twice, three times.

The girl looked delightedly at the bird’s enjoyment. Her heart was no longer concerned with her loss. She wanted the bird to be happy. Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder. It sang the sweetest melody, she had ever heard.

The fastest way to lose love is to hold on too tight, the best way to keep love is to give it — WINGS! 1. Why did the girl save the two starving birds? A. To make money.

B. To seek love.

D. To enjoy the songs.

C. To protect other birds.

2. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. get ill B. be tight C. turn weak D. become wild 3. What can we learn about the second bird? A. He was set free and sang songs in return. B. He pretended to stay in the cage. C. He managed to escape from the cage. D. He tried hard to help his fellow bird.

4. The main purpose of the passage is to tell us ________. A. how to protect birds C. how to keep your love 助读词汇

starving adj. 饥饿的 circle vi. 盘旋 wildly adv. 野蛮地

B. how to nurture birds D. how to share your love

fist n. 拳头 capture vt. 抓住 melody n. 旋律；歌曲 grasp at 抓住 delight at 为……而欣喜 long desperately for 非常渴望

(七)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Life is hard — even harder than anyone thought it would be. When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been that smooth sailing you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing you want to hear is “Cheer up!”

Still, there’re a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation:

First, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational television ratings. The fact that something is negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.

Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff, as well.

You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself.

Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re very more awesome than you give yourself credit for.

Last, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first time).

Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behavior shouldn’t change in the slightest — when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your

data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for lesser beings, and you sure aren’t one of those.

1. The author mentions bad news in order to show that ________. A. bad news attracts people to see positive things B. bad news has a negative effect on television rates C. bad news makes people see things in a negative light D. bad news is more likely to catch peoples’ eyes

2. The underlined part “nasty staff” in Paragraph 4 probable means ________. A. something unpleasant B. amazing incidents C. important events

D. unstable emotions

3. How should we view failure according to the passage? A. We should keep trying the old method. B. We should learn from failure.

C. We should think in a more complicated way. D. We should change our behavior. 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. It inspires us to learn from negative experiences. B. It compares negative and positive experiences. C. It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences. D. It discusses how negative experiences affect others. 助读词汇 rating n. 率 negativity n. 负面 stuff n. 材料；东西 constant adj. 经常的 frustrated adj. 挫败的 complicated adj. 复杂的 motivation n. 动机；动力

sensational adj. 轰动的；耸人听闻的 data bank 资料库

tunnel vision 井蛙之见 smooth sailing 一帆风顺 not…in the slightest 一点也不 distract sb. from sth. 使某人分心 give sb. credit for 为……称赞某人

(八)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

After the bell rang, every student sat in his or her seat impatiently. The teacher also took a seat at the front of the classroom behind the thick stack (叠) of test papers. Then, one by one, the teacher called our names. As each paper was handed back to the correct student, the front of the answer sheet would always be turned to face the ground as the teacher held it in her hand, and the sheet itself would be slightly folded to prevent anyone from seeing it.

In fact, folding each test is a way to make sure that each student sees only his or her own scores. The scores are regarded as private information not to be announced or shown to others. As a measure to keep the students’ score records secret, each student is even given an online account with which to check his or her grades posted on the official school website.

Protecting students’ privacy in general is a priority for US schools that want to free students from unnecessary pressure. Transcripts (成绩单) are guarded closely to prevent poor academic performance from damaging a student’s personal dignity and reputation among his or her peers. However, problems and concerns can also come from the other extreme — overprotection. Some argue that although students’ feelings and self-esteem (自尊) are easily hurt, they cannot be forever protected. They say that schools should also teach their students to make themselves stronger mentally, and furthermore, the classroom should reflect the reality of competition in society. Scores that everyone can see might better encourage students to work harder to be better than others. Whether to keep students’ scores a secret is still being debated in the US.

1. Which of the following methods is NOT to keep the students’ score secret? A. By turning the papers to face the ground. B. By slightly folding the papers. C. By offering students online accounts. D. By posting grades on the Internet.

2. Why does the school try to keep the students’ score secret? A. Transcripts are guarded closely.

B. Schools are teaching students to be stronger mentally. C. Schools want to free students from unnecessary pressure. D. Schools are trying to hide poor academic performance from peers. 3. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. People of their ages. B. Friends and relatives. C. Dear schoolmates. D. The favorite person. 4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Some think students are overprotected. B. Schools are ignoring students’ score record.

C. Schools should teach their students to be stronger mentally. D. The classroom should reflect the reality of competition in society. 助读词汇

impatiently adv. 不耐烦地 fold vt. 折叠 post vt. 张贴 privacy n. 隐私 priority n. 优先(权) dignity n. 尊严 reputation n. 名声 reflect vt. 反映 debate vt. 争论 answer sheet 答题卡 be regarded as 被视作 online account 网上账户

(九)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Many of us have a parent-child ideal in our mind — be it from when we were a child, or as a teenager. This

ideal probably formed when we were watching TV, when we witnessed interactions between our friends and their parents, when we read about parent-child relationships in books, and the like.

Believe it or not, the best way to progress your relationship with your parents is to drop the ideal. Drop whatever ideal you have painted in your head for you and your parents. The sooner you release yourself of this self-limiting vision, the sooner the relationship will blossom and come into its own.

As you’ve read from my previous book, my past parent-child relationship ideal was for my parents to be my best friends. I yearned (渴望) for us to communicate openly. I yearned for us to express our care and concern. I yearned for us to engage each other on a deep, meaningful level. However, when I worked on our relationship with it in mind, I faced resistance the whole time. In all my efforts to create an open communication channel with my parents, I would be frustrated with them for not responding in a similar way.

Ironically, it was when I dropped the ideal 3-4 months ago that our relationship was finally able to grow (as I mentioned in Part-3: Revelations and Happiness). It was then that I realized, to my shock, that my parents had been trying so hard to improve our relationship via their own way the entire time. I was unfortunately unable to “see” that because I was so fixated on my one ideal.

When you approach your relationship with your parents with a fixed ideal, you suffocate the relationship. Firstly, you limit how the relationship can develop. Not only that, it’s unfair for your parents because it’s not an ideal you’ve consulted them on. It may be an ideal to you, but not to them, not to the family. The only situation when having an ideal works is when it has been co-created by both parties. Stop expecting them to be someone/something they are not. Instead, accept them as who they are today.

1. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain what parent-child ideal is. B. To warn that parent-child ideal is impossible. C. To admit that his past parent-child relationship is bad. D. To argue that one should drop the parent-child ideal. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in Para. 3 refer to? A. The author’s past parent-child ideal. C. Their expression of care and concern.

B. His communication with parents openly. D. Their engagement on a deep, meaningful level.

3. What are people encouraged to do according to this passage? A. Learn from interactions between friends and their parents. B. Drop the ideal of parent-child relationship.

C. Approach relationship with parents with a fixed ideal. D. Have the parent-child ideal and make it work. 4. Who is the author probably?

A. A newspaper editor. B. A book writer. C. A concerned citizen. 助读词汇 ideal n. 理想

witness v. 见证；见到 resistance n. 抵抗 suffocate v. 扼制；压制

D. A psychologist.

interaction n. 互动

ironically adv. 讽刺地 co-create v. 共同创造

(十)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

After living in Europe for seven years, my parents decided that my family would move to the United States. We all looked forward to this. What would people think of us? For me, I hoped to be the hero of the class.

I was not disappeared. All my classmates admired my experience, and I quickly became well known as “the French guy.” I was very popular for a time. However, I was not interested in many things my classmates did, and it was hard for me to connect with them. I enjoyed listening to classical music, never watched TV, and almost never watched movies.

I did not have a common background with my friends because I grew up in Europe. I had few friends, and fewer good friends. When I look back now, I realize I was a bit of an idiot to many people around me. I kept talking proudly about my experience. And I thought myself better than those around me because I lived in Europe but they didn’t.

I had decided I wanted better friends when my parents said that we were going to move again! I saw this as a perfect chance to get better friends, for I couldn’t stand the present situation where I spent most of the time alone.

When we moved to California, I did not show off as I had done for five years. I did not tell everyone that I lived in Europe. I still listened to classical music, but I just kept my music to myself. Sure enough, I found that people like someone who is not typical but does not boast about it and I felt much more relaxed and delighted every day.

Nothing can replace good friends, and if I had to control my temper and pride, it was well worth it. So, more friends will come to you when they feel you put their feeling first.

1. When I first moved to the US, I was well received because of my ______. A. charming appearance B. overseas experiences C. French accent D. outstanding talents 2. Why could the writer hardly make friends? A. He looked down upon his classmates. B. He liked listening to classical music.

C. He talked happily about my experience. D. He came from a very rich family.

3. How did the writer feel before moving to California? A. Happy. B. Angry. C. Lonely. D. Sorry. 4. What can be the best title of the passage?

A. Hero of the class. B. Friendship needs care. C. Enjoy your life with friends. D. Making friends calls for modesty. 助读词汇

admire v. 钦佩，羡慕 boast v. 自夸 temper n. 脾气 show off 炫耀

3.4阅读理解议论文-2020年高考英语专题训练系列

议论文

(一) 本文讲述了面对愤怒时人们通常会使用暴力解决或者逃避，但其实有更有效的方法去控制。 1. C 推理判断题。由上文的Some choose the option of violence和该句的But the option of walking away可知，该句讲的是对待愤怒的第二种方法“to run”。故答案选C正确。

2. B 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句It is difficult to walk away, especially when your heart is racing, and your anger is boiling over.可知答案选B。

3. A 细节理解题。由第三段第四句For example, you can stay in a quiet place by yourself and shout; or you can talk to close friends to pour out your rage (愤怒).可知答案选A。B选项不是第三第四段的内容。

4. D 主旨大意题。由文章结构可知，第一段解释愤怒的内容和人们通常的做法，第二段到结尾都是控制愤怒的方式。因此本文的主要目的是给读者提供处理愤怒的技巧和方法。故答案选D正确。

(二) 本文介绍了一项研究发现，快乐的秘诀就是让自己忙起来。无论是体力上的还是脑力上的，只要有事情做，人就会感到更快乐。

1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段Keeping the mind occupied with tasks — no matter how meaningless — keeps off negative emotions, the study found.可知该研究发现，让自己有点事情可想——无论是多么没意思的事——都有助于抵制消极情绪。故选C正确。

2. A 细节判断题。根据倒数第四段中的He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy implications.可知，该发现具有指导意义。故选A。

3. D 推理判断题。根据最后两段，尤其是尾段最后一句You just need to be engaged, either physically or mentally.可知D是正确的。

4. B 写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文主要建议人们忙起来，这样才能获得快乐。故答案选B合适。sit around意为“无所事事”。

(三) 本文主要讲述在谈话过程中聆听/倾听的重要性。同时，作者也解释了如何更有效地做一个聆听者。 1. B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是我们在与别人交谈的过程中如何做一个良好的倾听者。显然，B项最符合文章的主旨。其他三个选项都是文章里的细节信息。

2. A 词义猜测题。由常识可知，在与别人面对面交流时，首先我们要仔细聆听，弄明白对方说的是什么，指的是什么，重点是什么等，然后我们才能形成一个有效的回答。因此，根据下划线部分后的and form a response可推知，既然要形成一个回答，那么你首先就要明白他们指的是什么。显然A项最符合上下语境和逻辑。

3. D 细节理解题。细读文章最后一段可知，A、B、C都可从本段中得知。而D项，文章的是在交谈过程中，不要太聪明，装得好像什么都知道似的，对于这么一个“自以为无所不知的人”，人们总是避之不及的。而不是D项中的(面对自以为无所不知的人，我们应该尽量聪明点)。故选D项。

4. C 推理判断题。根据文章第二、三段可知，这两段主要讲的是聆听需要注意力和专注力。没有注意力你就会错过说话者说的关键信息，使交谈无法进行下去，从而导致可能的失败。故我们可得到一个教训——不专心听会导致交谈失败。故选C项正确。

(四) 中国学生的英语语法知识都很好，但是口语却很差。作者就此问题作出了详细的分析，并同时就如何改善口语提供了建议。

1. C 推理判断题。由第三段可知，作者建议学生在说英语的时候不要害怕犯错误，他们更应该注重流利性而不是准确性。涵义即是鼓励学生尽管说，不要顾虑太多。符合C项。

2. D 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，尤其是最后一句You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more.可推知，通过多说才能学会如何说得更好。意思就是practice makes perfect (熟能生巧)。故选D符合本段隐含意思。

3. D 细节理解题。由第二段到第五段可知A、B、C均正确，只有D项与第五段相悖。故选D。 4. B 推理判断题。文章首段指出学生口语的现状，然后第二段到第五段分析原因，最后一段是提出建议。故根据文体更应该像是老师对学生学习的报告或反馈总结之类的文章。C和D显然错误，对于A项，显然这并不是一篇日记，连基本的格式都没有，怎么可能是日记呢？故只有选B正确。

(五) 父母使用手机与电脑的时间比他们关心孩子的时间还要多，这使孩子们产生了担忧。

1. D 细节理解题。由第二段第一句Almost 70% of children think their parents spent too much time on their mobile phone, iPad or other similar devices, a research found.可知，有大概70%的孩子认为他们的父母过度使用电脑和手机，故选D。

2. A 细节理解题。由第三段中的for fear that technology is invading (侵扰) family life and making it impossible for people to appreciate nature properly because they never switch off可知，手机和电脑等科技产品正破坏家庭生活，故选A。

3. C 推理判断题。由第四段中的finding their parents’ preoccupation with communication technology increasingly worrisome可知，对于父母过度使用手机和电脑等科技产品，孩子们是感到很烦恼的，故选C。

4. B 主旨大意题。由文章首句主题句Children now worry more about their parents spending too much time on their mobiles or computers than parents worry about their children.可知，父母花费在手机与电脑上的时间比关心孩子们的时间要多得多，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是“建议父母花更多的时间在孩子们身上”，故选B。

(六) 本文讲述一位渴望爱的小女孩静心照料两只濒临饿死的黄莺，直至有一天笼门打开，一只小鸟飞了出去，小女孩紧紧抓住导致其最终死亡，而另一只小鸟则因小女孩的一念之间得以自由并以歌声作为回报，最后小女孩悟出得到爱的最好方式是学会放手，给予自由。

1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段段意及第一句There was once a lonely girl who longed desperately for love.可知答案选B正确。

2. C 词义猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句She opened her hand stared in horror at the dead bird.中的关键信息dead可推知，小鸟在小女孩的手中应该是慢慢走向死亡，即变得虚弱。go limp的意思是“四肢无力”，故选C符合语境逻辑。

3. A 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句She lifted him from the cage and threw him softly into the air.及第四段

最后两句Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder. It sang the sweetest melody, she had ever heard.可推知，笼中另一只小鸟因小女孩的放手得以自由并以歌声作为回报。

4. C 主旨大意题。根据本文大意，渴望爱的小女孩两种不同的方法导致了两只小鸟不同的结局，及文章最后一段指出：失去爱的方式是紧紧握紧不放，而保持爱的最佳途径是给予自由，即学会放手，故选C。

(七) 本文讨论了三个从不愉快的经历学习成长的方法。

1. D 细节理解题。通过第三段中的The fact that something is negative catches a lot more attention than something positive可知答案选D。

2. A 词义猜测题。通过下文的awesome stuff可知，这里是与此对应，awesome stuff是指一些极好的事情，所以与此对应的是指“很糟糕的事情”。故答案选A正确。

3. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one!可知答案选B正确。

4. A 主旨大意题。本文是总分结构，总起句是第二段的Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation，而下文的三个分论点是讨论如何利用不愉快经历而学习的方法。故答案选A最佳。

(八) 本文讨论了学校将学生成绩保密的重要性。但是，仍然有一些反对的意见。

1. D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句each student is even given an online account with which to check his or her grades posted on the official school website可知，学校将成绩放到网上，但学生需使用账号才能查看。

2. C 细节理解题。由第三段第一句Protecting students’ privacy in general is a priority for US schools that want to free students from unnecessary pressure.可知答案选C正确。

3. A 词义猜测题。根据前面的prevent poor academic performance from damaging a student’s personal dignity and reputation，尤其是personal dignity and reputation可推知，理应是指学生怕在同龄人之前失去尊严和名声。故选A最佳。

4. B 细节理解题。选项A、C、D均在第四段有提及，但B项并无涉及。

(九)本文作者用自己的经历为例，论述了一个观点：亲子关系中双方不应该太理想化。

1. D 主旨大意题。由第二段，特别是第一句中the best way to progress your relationship with your parents is to drop the ideal可推断。

2. A 细节理解题。由第三段第一句my past parent-child relationship ideal was for my parents to be my best friends可知，选项BCD只是parent-child relationship ideal的表现。

3. B 细节理解题。由文章大意可知，并且选项B和选项D为互相矛盾，取其一。

4. B 推理判断题。由第三段第一句As you’ve read from my previous book以及第四段第一句(as I mentioned in Part-3: Revelations and Happiness)可知。

(十)本文谈到作者如何交朋友的经历。作者刚到美国时，处处炫耀他在欧洲居住过的经历，因此朋友很少。后来意识到自己的骄傲自负阻碍了交朋友时，作者变得谦虚真诚起来，朋友也多了起来。

1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段All my classmates admired my experience, and I quickly became well known as “the French guy.” I was very popular for a time.作者受欢迎是因为他的海外生活经历。

2. A 推理判断题。根据第三段When I look back now, I realize I was a bit of an idiot to many people around me. I kept talking proudly about my experience. And I thought myself better than those around me because I lived in Europe but they didn’t.对于我身边的人来说，我有点白痴，但我还是骄傲的谈论着我的海外经历，认为自己比他们优越，作者交不到朋友的原因是他自身的优越感以及瞧不起身边人。

3. C 细节理解题。根据第四段for I couldn’t stand the present situation where I spent most of the time alone. 作者迫切的想搬家是因为他无法忍受现在的状态，因为他太孤单了。

4. D 主旨大意题。作者搬家后朋友多起来的事实告诉我们交朋友需要真诚谦虚，因此D项符合标题。