定语：就是句中对名词进行解释说明，补充的成分。
可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、（以上词类都是放在名词前面，为前置修饰词） 现在分词（表示正在进行的动作）、过去分词（表示被动），不定式、介词短语（以上词
类都放在名词后面，为后置修饰词）等来担任，修饰名词。
例： 1.He is a tall boy. 2.This is my bike.3. He has two bike. 4.It’s an apple tree. 5.The man driving too fast was a drunk. 6.There is bridge called Xingfu. 7.Beijing is a good place to visit. 8.The girl behind the tree is Kate. 定语从句
在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk
先行词和关系词
先行词(引导词)：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。(作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某
种成分。)
如：The building is our school.+The building stands by the river. = The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词 关系词 从句 which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。 关系词判 断 步 骤 :
首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表（关系代词表） 先行词 人 物 主格 who, that which, that 宾格 who(m), that which, that 所有格 whose whose, of which （关系副词表） 先行词 地Place 时间 关系副词 例句 点 Where ;(in/on/at + I like places where the weather is warm. which); that When; (in/on/at + This is the year when we met. which); tah This is the reason why he is late. 原因 ， reason Why ;that 关系代词的使用方法
1.that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that / which can fly. 2)Have you found the bike that / which you lost? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost?
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。 ( which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。） 1)The film that/ which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful 3. who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)
1)The girls who / that weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. 2) He knew the teacher who/ whom /( that ) we met yesterday. 4.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.
有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.
This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.
2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.
Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.
3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句
I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see. 4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all,any 作修饰，用that
Is it the one that you want ?
We haven’t got much that we can offer you. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用 用who,而不用that 1.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用who
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who
There is an old man who wants to see you.
There are many young men who are against him.
关系副词的用法：
1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）
The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed
=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
＝The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
＝The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean ＝The hotel 关系词略 we stayed at wasn’t clean . 2.when的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词）
I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. I’ll never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语) I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League . I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League. 3.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名词)
The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that I’m calling you is to invite you to a party
The reason 省略关系词 I’m calling you is to invite you to a party 在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略
练习：
一、把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.
1.The little girl was crying on the street. Her money had been stolen.
2.The student didn’t agree with us. The student was standing under the tree.
3.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now.
4.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday.
5.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground.
6. I’m reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese”
7.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.
8.This is the room. We lived in it last year.
9.I can’t find the house. My friend lives.
10. Do you remember the day? We arrived here.
二、.单项选择。
1. Beihai Park is a beautiful park______built about 300 years ago.
A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where 2. The man ______is painting the house is my uncle. A.he B.whom C.whose D.who 3. What is the animal ______baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.which 4. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!I’ll shoot anyone ______moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose 5.The dictionary_____he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.
A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which 6.The boy_____parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.
A.whose B.who C.his D/ 7.—Which animal is your favourite? —The one ______has a long neck.
A.which B.that C.it D.who 8.Is there anyone ___ can answer this question? A.which B.whom C.who D.he
9.Is this the bookstore_______you visited yesterday?
A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 10.Shanghai is the place in _____he was born.
A.which B.where C.whose D.that 11.Who has taken the dictionary________ cover is broken ？
A.which B.that C.who D.whose 12. This is the only book ________I bought last year.
A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B 13.This is the best book______I have read.
A .that B. which C.what D.Both A and B 14.This is the school__________ I worked seven years ago.
A.in which B.in that C.which D. that 15.This is the last time ________I’ll give you a lesson.
A.when B.that C.what D.as 三、 根据汉语完成句子：
1.This is the engineer________________________(给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day. 2.My necklace is not _____________________________(唯一不见的东西） 3.The man________________________(在这间房子里工作的)is a chemist.
4.The old building_________________________(我们住的)has been here for 30 years. 5.The history book _________________________(封皮是黄的）was lost. 6.Her is the pen _________________________________(你昨天丢失的） 7.This is the best book_______________________________(我读过的） 8.I have lost the pen____________________________（我父亲给我买的）
9.Wheat is a plant ___________________________（中国北方种植的） 10.I don’t like the people_________________(说得多可做得少的)
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