1. The smaller and newer universities do not _______ the staff or equipment to carry out the practical research projects possible in larger institutions.
A. protect B. prevent C. possess D. process [2].
2. What she achieved in her research might _______ what she had been expecting and might make contribution to the domain.
A. exceed B. exclaim C. excess D. extend [3].
3. Whoever wishes to succeed may have to _______ disappointment and failure before experiencing success.
A. undergo B. underlie C. undermine D. underline [4].
4. This generation of fuels is extraordinarily environmental-friendly and also easily _______ into the soil without pollution.
A. decompose B. decompress C. decrease D. decorate [5].
5. Differences between languages _______ the different modes of thinking as thinking is the basis of language. A. distinguish from B. deviate from C. deliver from D. derive from [6].
6. If your rates meet with our _______, we will sign a contract with your company. A. approach B. aptitude C. approval D. application [7].
7. If a country wants to develop its economy successfully, there has to be a clear _______ of its social needs. A. aptitude B. assurance C. insurance D. assessment [8].
8. Astronauts are _______ all kinds of tests before they are actually sent up in a spacecraft. A. inclined to B. subjected to C. prone to D. bound to [9].
9. This aircraft’s safety record is a(an) _______ testament to its designers’ skill. A. sensitive B. sensible C. imaginative D. impressive [10].
10. I am a seasoned and honorable English teacher with a unique way to train both fellow teachers and office _______.
A. group B. individual C. personnel D. corporation
[11].
11. He was accused of trying to use military forces to _______ voters on election day. A. stimulate B. intimidate C. imitate D. simulate [12].
12. The directory, which is corrected and _______ every year, can become one of your best friends if you take trouble to know it well.
A. updated B. streamlined C. enriched D. distorted [13].
13. It will be safer to walk on the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial _______ will be conducted by computer.
A. transitions B. transmissions C. transactions D. transformations [14].
14. If you _______ something, you get it back from the place where you left it. A. compensate B. remedy C. supplement D. retrieve [15].
15. In this case it is desirable to _______ additional oxidizer into the composition. A. mix B. incorporate C. combine D. identify [16].
16. Some futurologists, in particular, have taken this important moment to _______ and describe a new century to us.
A. see B. consider C. think D. envision [17].
17. For example, in a _______ space, students can “dissect” a human body, “visit” ancient battlefields, or “talk” with Shakespeare.
A. separate B. real C. virtual D. isolated [18].
18. After the tracheotomy operation, he lost the ability to _______ his feelings and only those who were very close could understand him by lip movement. A. verbalize B. show C. express D. discuss [19].
19. If you are to give a talk, try to _______ your ideas to a few points in note form, so that you can speak freely from your notes rather than read out the whole speech. A. diminish B. decrease C. reduce D. decline [20].
20. Before the game team captains _______ a coin, the winner has the right to serve first. The loser has the right to choose ends.
A. toss B. hurl C. fling D. pitch [21].
21. The opposition reckoned the tax would allow the government to splurge before _______ elections next year. A. principal B. multiple C. municipal D. mutual [22].
22. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock exchange and in the _______ of bond market.
A. reliance B. orientation C. alliance D. reliability [23].
23. In Japan, service is viewed not as a luxury, but as an essential _______ for the success of individual companies. A. recipe B. compound C. ingredient D. facet [24].
24. The massive quantities of salt water can further _______ soils, rendering them unsuitable for many crops. A. contemplate B. articulate C. consolidate D. contaminate [25].
25. The price of vegetables _______ according to the weather, the season and the demand and supply. A. flutters B. fluctuates C. flushes D. flourishes [26].
26. She devised a plan _______ they might escape from the tightly guarded prison. A. whereas B. wherein C. whereby D. whereabouts [27].
27. The pupils were asked by the teacher to do some exercises concerning the _______ from yards into meters. A. convention B. conversion C. contention D. contemplation [28].
28. Will individual schools be given the right to _______ out of the local school authority? A. obsess B. orient C. oblige D. opt [29].
29. The British government had decided to _______ the troops stationed here, so maybe several months later you will be able to be with your family again. A. take out B. phase out C. bring out D. wipe out [30].
30. Tim and Teddy seemed to be alienated these days; there must have been some misunderstandings between them,
and I hope they can _______ the misunderstandings. A. clean up B. get out C. turn out D. iron out
The Surface of Mars Paragraph 1
The surface of Mars shows a wide range of geologic features, including huge volcanoes-the largest known in the solar system-and extensive impact cratering. Three very large volcanoes are found on the Tharsis bulge, an enormous geologic area near Mars's equator. Northwest of Tharsis is the largest volcano of all: Olympus Mons, with a height of 25 kilometers and measuring some 700 kilometers in diameter at its base. The three large volcanoes on the Tharsis bulge are a little smaller-a \"mere\" 18 kilometers high. Paragraph 2
None of these volcanoes was formed as a result of collisions between plates of the Martian crust-there is no plate motion on Mars. Instead, they are shield volcanoes-volcanoes with broad, sloping slides formed by molten rock. All four show distinctive lava channels and other flow features similar to those found on shield volcanoes on Earth. Images of the Martian surface reveal many hundreds of volcanoes. Most of the largest volcanoes are associated with the Tharsis bulge, but many smaller ones are found in the northern plains. Paragraph 3
The great height of Martian volcanoes is a direct consequence of the planet's low surface gravity. As lava flows and spreads to form a shield volcano, the volcano's eventual height depends on the new mountain's ability to support its own weight. The lower the gravity, the lesser the weight and the greater the height of the mountain. It is no accident that Maxwell Mons on Venus and the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth rise to about the same height (about 10 kilometers) above their respective bases-Earth and Venus have similar surface gravity. Mars's surface gravity is only 40 percent that of Earth, so volcanoes rise roughly 2.5 times as high. Are the Martian shield volcanoes still active? Scientists have no
direct evidence for recent or ongoing eruptions, but if these volcanoes were active as recently as 100 million, years ago (an estimate of the time of last \"eruption based on the extent of impact cratering on their slopes), some of them may still be at least intermittently active. Millions of years, though, may pass between eruptions. Paragraph 4
Another prominent feature of Mars's surface is cratering. The Mariner spacecraft found that the surface of Mars, as well as that of its two moons, is pitted with impact craters formed by meteoroids falling in from space. As on our Moon, the smaller craters are often filled with surface matter-mostly dust-confirming that Mars is a dry desert world. However, Martian craters get filled in considerably faster than their lunar counterparts. On the Moon, ancient craters less than 100 meters across (corresponding to depths of about 20 meters) have been obliterated, primarily by meteoritic erosion. On Mars, there are relatively few craters less than 5 kilometers in diameter. The Martian atmosphere is an efficient erosive agent, with Martian winds transporting dust from place to place and erasing surface features much faster than meteoritic impacts alone can obliterate them.
Paragraph 5
As on the Moon, the extent of large impact cratering (i.e.craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicator for the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars's southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way. Paragraph 6
The detailed appearance of Martian impact craters provides an important piece of information about conditions just below the planet's surface. Martian craters are surrounded by ejecta (debris formed as a result of an impact) that looks quite different from its lunar counterparts. A comparison of the Copernicus crater on the Moon with the (fairly typical) crater Yuty on Mars demonstrates the differences. The ejecta surrounding the lunar crater is just what one would expect from an explosion ejecting a large volume of dust, soil, and
boulders.However, the ejecta on Mars gives the distinct impression of a liquid that has splashed or flowed out of crater. Geologists think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost, or water ice, lies just a few meters under the surface. Explosive impacts heated and liquefied the ice, resulting in the fluid appearance of the ejecta. [31].
1、The word \"distinctive” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. Deep
B. Complex
C. Characteristic D. Ancient [32].
2、According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following is NOT true of the shield
volcanoes on the Tharsis bulge? A. They have broad, sloping sides.
B. They are smaller than the largest volcano on Mars.
C. They have channels that resemble the lava channels of volcanoes on Earth. D. They are over 25 kilometers tall. [33].
3、In paragraph 3, why does the author compare Maxwell Mons on Venus to the
Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth?
A. To help explain the relationship between surface gravity and volcano height B. To explain why Mars's surface gravity is only 40 percent of Earth's
C. To point out differences between the surface gravity of Earth and the surface gravity of Venus
D. To argue that there are more similarities than differences between volcanoes on different planets [34].
4、According to paragraph 5, what have scientists been able to determine from
studies of large impact cratering on Mars?
A. Some Martian volcanoes are much older ithan was once thought. B. The age of Mars's surface can vary from area to area.
C. Large impact craters are not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity.
D. Some areas of the Martian surface appear to be $Wer than they actually are. [35].
[36]. [37].
5、Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is
provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.
Volcanoes and impact craters are major features of Martian geology. A. Plate motion on Mars, once considered to have played no role in shaping the planets surface, is
now seen as being directly associated with the planet's earliest volcanoes. B．Mars has shield volcanoes, some of which are extremely tall because of the planet\"s low surface gravity.
C. Although the erosive power of the Martian atmosphere ensures that Mars has fewer craters than the
Moon does, impact craters are prominent on Mars' s surface.
D. Scientists cannot yet reliably estimate the age of the Martian surface because mere has been too much erosion of it.
E. Scientists have been surprised to discover that conditions just below the surface of Mars are very
similar to conditions just below the surface of the Moon
F. Studies of crater ejecta have revealed the possibility of a layer of permafrost below the surface of Mars.
填空题[教师自编][题数:10;分数:10分]
The number of fake websites is on the rise as the end of the year approaches. Hackers are using malicious software(=malware) and fraudulent 欺诈的, 不正的, 不诚实的
Web pages to steal valuable information from Internet users. Online theft , fraud have become a serious [38]. to user's security once again.
According to the latest security reports released by major anti-virus software developers, the number of malware embedded嵌入 webpages and phishing网络钓鱼（以虚假的身份和形象随机骗取个人帐号和密码）websites is [39]. .
Tong Yong, engineer of Kingsoft Internet Security Co., said, \"Our analysis indicates that there are more than 100,000 [40]. Web address linked to phishing websites. More than 300 new phishing addresses are generated every day.\"
Phishing is the criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire [41]. ,such as usernames, passwords and credit card details, by masquerading假装，冒充 as a reputable声誉好的 website.
In China, auction sites拍卖网站 like Taobao.com and online payment processors like Alipay.com are the main targets of phishing.
Tong Yong said, \"Fake Taobao and Alipay websites target people's bank [42]. .We have observed an apparent increase in the number of phishing victims.\"
One notorious臭名昭著的 phishing website emulates仿真，模仿 the home page of one of CCTV's most-watched game shows. It lures引诱 netizens into a trap by offering [43]. prizes to an unsuspecting public.
Wang Xin, vice president of Kingsoft Internet Security Co., said, \"The general public cannot identify the fake website, and bank information, even passwords, are easily stolen on these sites.\"
An Internet Security Alliance has been formed to deal with the growing number of [44]. cases. It comprises包含，由...组成 IT firms such as Taobao, Kingsoft, Alipay, and Maxthon.
Ni Liang, director of Taobao Internet Security Dept., said, \"We need every facet(方)面 of society to unite against phishing websites, so that we can improve our odds可能性 of winning.\"
As the leading auction website in Asia, Taobao has long been the [45]. of online phishing. The website is planning to invest 100 million yuan to crack down打击，制裁
on phishing. However, the company says the [46]. of a few firms is far from enough. Netizens' support is another essential [47]. to uproot根除 the phishing websites.
参考答案
1~5 CAAAA 6~10 ADBDC 11~15 BACDB 16~20 DCCBA 21~25 BDDDB 26~30 CBDBD 31~34 CDAB 35~37 BCF
38 threat 39 on the rise 40 active 41 sensitive information 42 deposits 43 fake 44 phishing 45 victim 46 joint effort 47 ingredient
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