翻译练习

1. 团购

团购是一种新型的购物方式，顾名思义就是指很多人一起购买同一产品，旨在加大与卖方的谈判能力以获得优惠的购买价格。随着中国电子商务的繁荣和发展，网络团购在中国网民中流行起来，已经成为团购额主要形式。它方便、快捷、价格低、不受地域限制。目前中国的很多网站都在尝试做团购，并迅速发展起来。据了解，网络团购的主要群体是中国大中城市的年轻人。团购消费能够减少中间环节，降低营销成本，实现企业和消费者的互惠和合作共赢。

参考译文：

Group purchase is a new shopping method, which means that many people buy the same product together, aiming to increase the bargaining power with the seller to get a favorable purchase price. With the prosperity and development of China's e-commerce, online group-buying has become popular among Chinese netizens and has become the main form of group-buying. It is convenient, fast, low in price and free of geographical restrictions. At present, many websites in China are trying to do group buying and are developing rapidly. It is understood that the main group of online group-buying is young people in large and medium-sized cities in China. Group purchase consumption can reduce intermediate links, reduce marketing costs, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win cooperation between enterprises and consumers.

2.移动支付

因为阿里巴巴和微信，移动支付正席卷中国，大多数消费者都在使用智能手机进行支付。如今，中国拥有世界上规模最庞大、使用最便捷、覆盖范围最广泛的移动支付体系。最近的一项研究发现，70%的网民认为现金不再是日常的必需品。毫无疑问，中国正在逐渐成为一个无现金社会。移动支付不仅在城市流行，在农村地区也受到欢迎。然而，移动支付在数据隐私和金融安全方面仍存在隐患。为此，政府已出台了相关法规。

参考译文：

Because of alibaba and WeChat, mobile payments are sweeping China, with most consumers using smartphones to make payments. Today, China has the largest, most convenient and most extensive mobile payment system in the world. A recent study found that 70 percent of Internet users think cash is no longer a daily necessity. There is no doubt that China is becoming a cashless society. Mobile payment is popular not only in cities but also in rural areas. However, there are still hidden dangers in data privacy and financial security of mobile payment. To this end, the government has introduced relevant regulations.

3.假日经济

假日经济（Holiday Economy）是指人们在节假日集中购物、集中消费从而显著地带动经济发展和结构优化的一种系统经济模式。假日是人们外出旅游、购物和自我放松的好机会，因此假日经济推动了旅游、零售、交通、影院、展览会等相关行业的发展。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。这使得假日经济在很多方面还需要不断完善，如建立更便捷的交通体系，提供更舒适的休闲设施及丰富娱乐产品等。

参考译文：

Holiday Economy refers to a systematic economic model in which people concentrate shopping and consumption during holidays, thus significantly driving economic development and structural optimization. Holiday is a good opportunity for people to travel, shopping and relax themselves, so holiday economy promotes the development of tourism, retail, transportation, cinema, exhibition and other related industries. At the same time, Chinese people's consumption concept is becoming mature in the booming holiday economy. As a result, the holiday economy still needs to be improved in many aspects, such as establishing a more convenient transportation system, providing more comfortable leisure facilities and enriching entertainment products.

4.端午节和粽子

端午节为每年农历五月初五，广泛被认为是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣，因受到诽谤而投河自尽。人们撑船到屈原自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，以保留住他的躯体。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。粽子是金字塔形状的，用竹叶或芦苇叶将糯米包裹而成，糯米中还可以添加红豆、链子和猪肉等原料。

参考译文：

The Dragon Boat Festival, which falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the fifth lunar month, is widely held in memory of the patriotic poet qu yuan. Qu yuan

was a loyal and respected minister who drowned himself in a river because of slander. People paddled boats to the place where qu yuan killed himself and threw zongzi in the hope that the fish would eat zongzi to keep his body. For thousands of years, the Dragon Boat Festival has been marked by eating zongzi and racing dragon boats, especially in some southern provinces where rivers and lakes abound. Zongzi are pyramid-shaped dumplings made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. Glutinous rice can also be made with red beans, chains and pork.

5.共享经济

共享经济是一个围绕人力、物力和智力资源建立起来的社会经济生态系统。在中国，以滴滴出行和摩拜单车为代表的共享经济正在成为主流趋势。自行车、房屋、日常衣物、篮球、雨伞，都可以使用神奇的共享模式。报告显示，到2020年，中国的共享经济交易量预计将大幅增加，占国内生产总值比重的10%以上。甚至有人预测，只要道德和法律允许，最终所有一切能共享的都可以共享。更重要的是，中国庞大的人口也是一个巨大的机遇。

参考译文：

Sharing economy is a socioeconomic ecosystem built around human, material and intellectual resources. In China, the sharing economy represented by didi chuxing and mobike is becoming the mainstream trend. Bicycles, houses, everyday clothes, basketball, umbrellas, all can use the magic sharing mode. By 2020, the volume of transactions in China's sharing economy is expected to increase

significantly, accounting for more than 10 percent of the country's gross domestic product, according to the report. Some even predict that, as long as morality and law allow, eventually everything that can be Shared can be Shared. What's more, China's large population is also a great opportunity.

6.短视频

中国的短视频市场迎来爆炸性增长。有报告称，到2020年，其产业价值将达到300亿。目前流行的短视频应用程序包括抖音和快手，用户可在上面上传各种不同的短视频，包括烹饪、体育锻炼、跳舞和聚会等内容，并且还能与其他用户分享。为了让自己的视频看起来更加炫酷，用户还可以添加特效、背景音乐和平台提供的其它视频制作技巧。总之，短视频之所以能流行起来是因为其与互联网上传统的音频和视频内容相辅相成。

参考译文：

China's short video market is experiencing explosive growth. According to the report, its industrial value will reach 30 billion yuan by 2020.Popular short video applications include chattering and fast hand, on which users can upload a variety of short video, including cooking, sports, dancing and parties, and share them with other users. To make their video look cool, users can also add special effects, background music and other video production techniques provided by the platform. In short, short video is popular because it complements traditional audio and video content on the Internet.

7.西游记

《西游记》是中国四大名著之一。16世纪90年代，《西游记》匿名出版，虽然没有现存证据直接证明该书作者，但20世纪以来，人们一直认为作者是学者吴承恩。这部小说是关于唐朝佛教和尚玄奘前往印度求取佛教经书的故事。观音菩萨将西行取经的任务交给玄奘和四个负责保护玄奘的徒弟——孙悟空、猪八戒、沙悟净和担任坐骑的龙太子。这四人同意帮助玄奘西行，也是为他们犯下的罪行进行忏悔。

参考译文：

Journey to the west is one of the four great Chinese classics. In the 1690s, journey to the west was published anonymously. Although there is no existing evidence to directly prove the author of journey to the west, since the 20th century, people have believed that the author was Wu Chengen, a scholar. This novel is about Xuan Zang, a buddhist monk in the tang dynasty, who went to India to seek buddhist scriptures. Bodhisattva Guanyin entrusted Xuan Zang and his four disciples -- Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, Sha Wujing and the dragon prince who served as his mount -- with the task of travelling west for buddhist scriptures. The four agreed to help Xuan Zang on his journey to the west as a confession of their crimes.

8.筷子

筷子是一种中国传统的进食工具，使用范围几乎覆盖整个东亚地区，至今已有超过六千年的历史。筷子在中国最先被发明和使用、接着通过一些华人移民和文化传播到了其他国家，如日本，韩国，新加坡，泰国。筷子必须是成对使用的，并且两只筷子的大小长短要相同。筷子多为光滑的锥形，由竹子、塑料、木头或不锈钢制成。筷子是中国人日常生

活的必备品，它的发明充分反映了中国人民的智慧。

参考译文：

Chopsticks, a traditional Chinese eating tool, has been used almost all over east Asia for more than 6,000 years. Chopsticks were first invented and used in China, and then spread to other countries, such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand, through some Chinese immigrants and culture. Chopsticks must be used in pairs and of the same size and length. Chopsticks are usually smooth and tapered, made of bamboo, plastic, wood or stainless steel. Chopsticks are necessary for Chinese People's Daily life. Their invention fully reflects the wisdom of the Chinese people.

9.动物福利

动物福利指的是尊重动物的权利、保护生态环境，促进人与动物协调发展。动物福利主要包括：生理福利，即为动物提供保持良好的健康和精力所需要的食物和饮水；环境福利，即提供适当的居所，让动物能够得到舒适的睡眠和休息；卫生福利，即通过预防疾病并对患病动物进行及时的治疗，保证动物不受额外的疼痛；行为福利，即为动物提供足够的空间、适当的设施以及同类伙伴在一起的机会；心理福利，即保证动物免收精神痛苦的各种措施。

Animal welfare refers to respecting the rights of animals, protecting the ecological environment and promoting the coordinated development of human beings and animals. Animal welfare mainly includes: physiological welfare, that is,

providing animals with the food and water needed to maintain good health and energy; Environmental welfare, that is, the provision of appropriate shelter so that animals can get comfortable sleep and rest; Health and welfare, that is, through the prevention of disease and timely treatment of sick animals, to ensure that animals do not suffer additional pain; Behavioral welfare, that is, to provide enough space for animals, appropriate facilities and opportunities for similar partners together; Psychological welfare, that is, to ensure that animals do not suffer from various measures of mental pain.

10.高考

今年的普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（即高考）已经落下帷幕，但对其的讨论仍在持续。其中人们关注度最高的无疑是语文的作文。作文部分要求考生在60分钟内完成一篇800字左右的文章，分数高达60分，是所有单独题型中分数最高的。毫不夸张地说，作文是高考中最受争议的题型，因为它在很大程度上决定了考生的总成绩。换言之，作文决定了考生能否进入理想大学，或进入哪一所学校就读。

This year's national college entrance examination, or gaokao, has come to an end, but the debate continues. Among them, people pay the highest attention is undoubtedly the Chinese composition. The composition section requires candidates to complete an essay of about 800 words within 60 minutes. The score is as high as 60, which is the highest score among all the individual questions. It is no exaggeration to say that composition is the most controversial type of question in the college entrance examination, because it largely determines a candidate's total score. In other words, composition determines whether a candidate can enter

the ideal university or which school he or she will attend.

11.宋朝

宋朝始于960年，一直持续到1279年。这一时期，中国经济大幅增长，成为世界上最先进的经济体，科学、技术、哲学和数学蓬勃发展。宋代中国是世界历史上首先发行纸币的国家。宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字印刷。随着人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热闹的娱乐场所。那里的社会生活是多种多样的。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体制在当时也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。

参考译文：

The song dynasty began in 960 and lasted until 1279.During this period, China's economy grew rapidly and became the most advanced economy in the world. Science, technology, philosophy and mathematics flourished. Song dynasty China was the first country in world history to issue paper money. The song dynasty was also the first to use gunpowder and invented movable type printing. The population is growing rapidly and more and more people are living in cities where there are lively places of entertainment. Social life is diverse. People gather to see and trade precious works of art. The government system of the song dynasty was also advanced at that time. Government officials are selected and appointed through competitive examinations.

12.长安城

长安，今称西安，是唐朝的都城。长安是十三朝古都，是中华文明的发祥地，中华名族的摇篮，中华文化的杰出代表。长安城是世界历史上第一个达到百万人口的大城市。唐朝的科技文化、政治制度、饮食风尚等从长安传播至世界各地。另外，西方文化通过唐长安城消化再创造后又传至周边的日本、朝鲜、缅甸等国家。唐长安城成为世界西方和东方商业、文化交流的聚集地，是当时世界上最大的国际大都会。

参考译文：

Chang’an, now called xi 'an, was the capital of the tang dynasty. Chang’an is an ancient capital of 13 dynasties, the birthplace of Chinese civilization, the cradle of the Chinese nation and an outstanding representative of Chinese culture. Chang’an is the first large city with a population of one million in world history. The scientific, technological, cultural, political, and dietary traditions of the tang dynasty spread from Chang’an to other parts of the world. In addition, western culture was digested and recreated in Chang’an city of tang dynasty and then spread to neighboring countries such as Japan, Korea and Myanmar. Chang’an city of tang dynasty became the gathering place of western and eastern commercial and cultural exchanges, and was the largest international metropolis in the world at that time.

13.公益广告

公益广告指为社会公众的利益和社会风尚服务的广告。它不以盈利为目的，属于非商业性广告，是社会公益事业的重要组成部分。公益广告的主题一般取材于老百姓的日常生活，如健康、安全和环保等。目的是提高公众的道德意识，改变公众对社会问题的态度。

从内容上来看大都为社会性题材，从而导致它解决的基本是社会问题，这就更容易引起公众的共鸣，更易深入人心。

参考译文：

Public service advertisements refer to those that serve the interests of the public and social customs. It does not take profit as the goal, belongs to the non-commercial advertisement, is the social public welfare enterprise important constituent. The themes of public service advertisements are generally drawn from People's Daily life, such as health, safety and environmental protection. The purpose is to raise the public's moral awareness and change the public's attitude towards social problems. From the perspective of content, most of them are social themes, which leads to the fact that the basic problem they solve is social problems, which are more likely to resonate with the public and be deeply rooted in people's hearts.

14.明朝

明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明代。

参考译文：

The Ming dynasty ruled China for 276 years and was described as one of the greatest periods of orderly governance and social stability in human history. During this period, the development of handicraft industry promoted market economy and urbanization. A large number of goods, including wine and silk, are sold in the market. At the same time, many foreign goods, such as clocks and tobacco, are imported. Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Suzhou and other large commercial centers have been formed. Also in the Ming dynasty, a fleet led by Zheng he made seven large-scale expeditions to the Indian Ocean. It is also worth mentioning that three of the four classics of Chinese literature were written in the Ming dynasty.

15.高铁

中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高铁铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更多的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间。相对飞机而言，高铁列车的突出优势在于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。

参考译文：

China currently has the world's largest and fastest high-speed rail network. The speed of high-speed trains will continue to increase, and more cities will build high-speed railway stations. High-speed rail has greatly shortened the travel time of people. The main advantage of high-speed trains over aircraft is punctuality, as

they are largely unaffected by weather or traffic controls. High-speed rail has greatly changed the way Chinese people live. Nowadays, it has become the preferred means of transportation for many people's business travel. More and more people also travel by high-speed rail on holidays. Many young people choose to work in one city and live in neighboring cities, and take high-speed trains to and from work every day.

16.上海合作组织峰会

6月9日到10日，第18届上海合作组织峰会在中国东部的滨海城市青岛举行。会议期间，上合领导人签订了一系列协议和文件，为组织未来的合作和发展规划了宏伟蓝图。作为全世界最大的跨区域组织，上合组织将踏上共同安全，共同繁荣的新征程。在“上海精神”的指引下，上合成员国已经在多个领域展开了富有成效的合作，包括安全、经济和民间交流。近年来，上合组织的国际影响力逐渐提升，不仅造福了各地区，也造福了全世界。

参考译文：

From June 9 to 10, the 18th SCO summit was held in Qingdao, a coastal city in eastern China. During the meeting, leaders of the SCO signed a series of agreements and documents, laying out a grand blueprint for future cooperation and development. As the largest cross-regional organization in the world, the SCO will embark on a new journey of common security and prosperity. Guided by the spirit of Shanghai, the SCO member states have conducted fruitful cooperation in various fields, including security, economic and people-to-people exchanges. In

recent years, the SCO's international influence has gradually increased, benefiting not only the region but also the whole world.

17.秦始皇

秦始皇是中国历史上杰出的政治家7军事家。公元前221年，成为中国统一后第一个皇帝，自称“始皇帝”。为加强统治，他实施了一系列的改革，如统一文字，修筑长城以抵御外敌，而这项工程是由成千上万的奴隶和犯人在公元前220年到公元前206年建造的。同时，秦始皇也采取了许多残忍的手段，例如烧毁了很多经典书籍并坑杀儒生等等。尽管他的统治残暴，但是他仍被很多人认为是中国历史上一个关键人物。

参考译文：

Qin Shihuang is an outstanding statesman in Chinese history, 7 militarists. In 221 BC, he became the first emperor after China's reunification, claiming to be the \"beginning Emperor\". To strengthen his rule, he implemented a series of reforms, such as the unification of words and the construction of the Great Wall to fend off foreign enemies, which had been built by thousands of slaves and prisoners between 220 BC and 206 BC. At the same time, Qin Shihuang also took a lot of cruel means, such as burning a lot of classic books and invaders Confucian and so on. Despite his brutal reign, he is still considered by many to be a key figure in Chinese history.

18.非转基因大豆

黑龙江省是我国主要的非转基因大豆生产基地。该省人大代表建议立法设立特别保护区，严禁种植与加工转基因作物。该代表希望通过该项法案，保护生态多样性，惠及种植非转基因大豆的农民，并避免转基因作物“污染”其他大豆作物。代表进一步补充道，中国是负责任的大国，有义务保护本国作物的基因材料，以用于作物的种植、保护与研究。欲建立非转基因大豆保护区，关键在于打造一条集种植、加工、销售为一体的非转基因大豆生产线。

参考译文：

Heilongjiang province is the main non-transgenic soybean production base in China. Deputies to the provincial people's congress have proposed legislation to set up special protected areas to prohibit the planting and processing of genetically modified (gm) crops. The representative wants the bill to protect ecological diversity, benefit farmers who grow non-gm soybeans and prevent gm crops from \"contaminating\" other soybean crops. The representative further added that China was a responsible large country and had an obligation to protect the genetic material of its crops for planting, protection and research. In order to establish the non-gm soybean protection area, the key is to build a non-gm soybean production line integrating planting, processing and sales.

19.雾霾

近年来，雾霾逐渐成为了大众热议的焦点，而随着2015年年底北京接连发布空气重污染预警，人们对于雾霾现象的关注再度升级。雾霾的源头多种多样，比如汽车尾气、工业排放、建筑扬尘、垃圾焚烧，甚至火山喷发等等，雾霾天气通常是多种污染源混合作用

形成的。因此，除了调整工业结构、减少工业污染外，呼吁大众减少使用私家车，多搭乘公共交通工具，也是防治雾霾的有效方式。

参考译文：

In recent years, haze has gradually become the focus of public discussion. However, with the successive air pollution alerts issued by Beijing at the end of 2015, people's concern about haze phenomenon has been upgraded again. Haze comes from a variety of sources, such as automobile exhaust, industrial emissions, construction dust, garbage incineration, and even volcanic eruption, etc. Haze weather is usually caused by the combination of multiple sources of pollution. Therefore, in addition to adjusting the industrial structure and reducing industrial pollution, it is also an effective way to prevent and control haze to call on the public to reduce the use of private cars and take more public transportation.

20.垃圾分类

随着人民生活水平和消费水平的提高，中国的垃圾问题日益严峻。很多城市被垃圾包围。面对日益增长的垃圾数量和环境状况的恶化，中国政府正在努力推行垃圾分类的政策。垃圾分类是指将垃圾分为可回收利用和不可回收利用两类，要求人们将垃圾投放至不同的垃圾桶，通过不同的清理、运输和回收方式，使之变成新的资源。它可以减少垃圾处理量，降低处理成本，减少土地资源的消耗，对社会、经济、生态三方面都有益。

参考译文：

With the improvement of people's living standard and consumption level, China's garbage problem is becoming more and more serious. Many cities are surrounded by rubbish. Faced with the increasing amount of garbage and the deterioration of the environment, the Chinese government is trying to implement the policy of garbage classification. Garbage classification refers to the classification of garbage into recyclable and non-recyclable. It requires people to put garbage into different trash cans and turn them into new resources through different ways of cleaning, transportation and recycling. It can reduce the amount of garbage disposal, reduce the cost of disposal, reduce the consumption of land resources, and is beneficial to society, economy and ecology.

21.科举制度

科举制度是中国古代通过考试选拔官吏的制度。科举制度的历史可以追溯到隋朝，在唐朝得到进一步巩固和完善。唐朝的科举考试一般由礼部主持。考生考取后，再经吏部复试，根据成绩授予相应的官职。科举制度一直被多朝沿用，直到中国最后一个封建王朝——清朝。科举制度在中国存在约1300年，对中国古代的社会结构和政治体制有着深远的影响。

参考译文：

The imperial examination system was a system of selecting officials through examinations in ancient China. The history of the imperial examination system can be traced back to the sui dynasty, which was further consolidated and improved in the tang dynasty. The imperial examinations of the tang dynasty were generally

conducted by the ministry of rites. After the examinee obtains the examination, again by the civil affairs department reexamination, according to the result grants the corresponding official post. The imperial examination system was used in many dynasties until the Qing dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in China. The imperial examination system existed in China for about 1300 years and had a profound impact on the social structure and political system of ancient China.

22.剪纸

剪纸是一种用剪刀或刀在纸上剪刻花纹，用于装饰或配合其他民俗活动的手工艺品。中国最早的剪纸作品发现是吐鲁番附近出土的北朝时期五幅剪纸。剪纸蕴涵了丰富的历史文化信息，表达了广大民众的道德观念、实践经验、生活理想和审美情趣。作为一项优秀的民间艺术，2006年剪纸入选联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。为进一步传承剪纸艺术，我国政府还制定了专门的传承人，以确保这项艺术后继有人。

参考译文：

Paper cutting is a kind of handicraft which USES scissors or knives to cut patterns on paper and is used to decorate or cooperate with other folk activities. The earliest paper cutting works discovered in China are five pieces of paper cutting from the northern dynasty unearthed near turpan. Paper cutting contains rich historical and cultural information, and expresses the moral concept, practical experience, life ideal and aesthetic taste of the masses. As an excellent folk art, paper-cut was selected into UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage in 2006.In order to further inherit the art of paper cutting, the Chinese government has also

established a special successor to ensure that there are successors to this art.

23.留学风

近几年，留学风盛行于中国。出国留学能够丰富知识、开阔视野，同时也可以培养人的独立性。如今，中国已成为世界上最大的留学生生源国，从1978年至2012年，中国的留学生大约有265万人。而且未来每年将以30%的增幅继续上涨。很多中国人担心这种持续的留学热会造成人才流失。但更多的人对此持乐观的态度，认为随着全球化的推进，留学生将成为外国人了解中国的窗口，并在一定程度上有助于宣传中国的文化。

参考译文：

In recent years, the trend of studying abroad is prevailing in China. Studying abroad can enrich one's knowledge, broaden one's horizon, and at the same time cultivate one's independence. Today, China has become the world's largest source of overseas students, with 2.65 million from 1978 to 2012.And it will continue to grow at an annual rate of 30%.Many Chinese are concerned that the continuing craze for studying abroad will lead to a brain drain. But more people are optimistic that with the advance of globalization, overseas students will become a window for foreigners to know about China and help promote Chinese culture to some extent.