大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷4(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷4 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.

Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift. It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they’d like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not. The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged. Actually, this isn’t surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic usecases for driverless cars. This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones. When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less. Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas. While there’s reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person’s age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.

1． What happens when a new technology emerges?

A．It further widens the gap between the old and the young. B．It often leads to innovations in other related fields.

C．It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole. D．It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。第一段第一句开篇指出，对新技术的态度通常随年龄的增长而下降。随后第二句对此进行了进一步的解释，年轻人比年长的人更愿意接受新技术。由此可知，D)“通常在不同年龄群体中引起不同的反应”符合原文表

述，故为答案。

2． What does the author say about the driverless car? A．It does not seem to create a generational divide. B．It will not necessarily reduce road accidents. C．It may start a revolution in the car industry. D．It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。原文第二段主要讨论人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度。定位句指出，在对待无人驾驶汽车上，似乎没有明显的年龄差异。因此A)“似乎没有造成年龄差异”符合原文表述，而且generational divide是原文用词，故为本题答案。

3． Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people? A．It saves their energy.

B．It helps with their mobility.

C．It adds to the safety of their travel. D．It stirs up their interest in life.

正确答案：B 解析：事实细节题。原文第四段解释为什么老年人同样对无人驾驶汽车感兴趣。虽然年长的人通常不愿意接受新技术，但是无人驾驶汽车对他们来说可能具有真正的价值，尤其是那些活动受限或自己开车有困难的人，无人驾驶汽车可以帮助他们出行。由此可知B)“它能帮助他们出行”为本题答案。

4． What is likely to affect one’s attitude toward the driverless car? A．The location of their residence. B．The field of their special interest. C．The amount of training they received. D．The length of their driving experience.

正确答案：A 解析：事实细节题。原文第六至八段解释影响人们对无人驾驶汽车态度的因素。第六段提到的因素是受教育程度，第七段提到的因素是人们居住的地方，住在城市或城郊的人比住在农村的人更愿意接受无人驾驶汽车，第八段提到的因素是收入。因此A)“他们的居住地”符合文意，故为本题答案。

5． Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car? A．The seniors. B．The educated. C．The wealthy. D．The tech fans.

正确答案：C

解析：推理判断题。定位句指出，一旦无人驾驶汽车开始销售，早期的使用者会是那些能买得起的人。原文中who can afford to buy them与C)The wealthy是同义转述，故为本题答案。

In agrarian(农业的), pre-industrial Europe, “you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work,” says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific. “Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper. “ This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “ Meals are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Counihan, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together” and strengthening family ties. Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors. Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p. m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can’t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,” says Counihan.

6． What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe? A．They had to work from early morning till late at night.

B．They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals. C．Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle. D．Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.

正确答案：C

解析：推理判断题。定位句讲到，在前工业化欧洲，人们日出而作，日落而息，遵循自然节奏而生活。由此可知，C)“他们的日常作息遵循自然循环的节奏”符合文意，故答案为C)。

7． What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together?

A．It was helpful to maintaining a nation’s tradition. B．It brought family members closer to each other. C．It was characteristic of the agrarian culture. D．It enabled families to save a lot of money.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。定位句提到，卡罗尔·康尼汉教授认为，饮食是家庭的基础，因此共同用餐与强化家庭关系之间有着重要的联系。由此可以推断，B)“使家庭成员更加亲密”符合文意，故为答案。

8． What does “cultural metabolism”(Line 1, Para. 3)refer to? A．Evolutionary adaptation. B．Changes in lifestyle. C．Social progress. D．Pace of life.

正确答案：D

解析：语义理解题。“cultural metabolism”本意是“文化的新陈代谢”。由Since industrialization可知，本段开始讨论工业化之后一日三餐的情况。因此such a slow cultural metabolism指的是上文提到的工业化之前欧洲人缓慢的生活节奏，因此D)“生活节奏”为本题答案。

9． What does the author think of the food people eat today? A．Its quality is usually guaranteed. B．It is varied, abundant and nutritious.

C．It is more costly than what our ancestors ate. D．Its production depends too much on technology.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。定位句提到，工业化为人们的食物带来的好处，包括现代生产运输食品的工艺使食物种类和数量大大增加，动物蛋白和奶制品也大量增加，让我们比自己的祖先更有活力。由此可知，B)“它多样化、丰富、有营养”是对原文的总结，故本题答案为B)。

10． What does the author say about Italians of the old days? A．They enjoyed cooking as well as eating. B．They ate a big dinner late in the evening. C．They ate three meals regularly every day. D．They were expert at cooking meals.

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。定位句提到，大家都知道地中海饮食很健康，但是不仅仅如此，在过去，准备和享用的过程也是一件乐事。因此A)“他们既享受做饭也享受吃饭”是对第四段第三句的转述，故本题答案为A)。

Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests. The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27. Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37. On the other hand, indicators of a person’s accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging. The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse. “These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases,” Salthouse said in a news release. The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years. The tests are designed to detect subtle(细微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols. In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition(认知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s. The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(痴呆), according to the researchers. “By following individuals over time,” Salthouse said,”we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline. “ The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants’ health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.

11． What is the common view of mental function? A．It varies from person to person. B．It weakens in one’s later years. C．It gradually expands with age. D．It indicates one’s health condition.

正确答案：B 解析：事实细节题。文章开篇指出逐渐衰退的心智功能经常被视作是一种老年问题。由此可见，这就是关于心智功能的一种普遍观点，故答案为B)。

12． What does the new study find about mental functions? A．Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline. B．They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.

C．They are closely related to physical and mental exercise. D．Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。定位句提到，一项新研究表明，其实某些大脑功能在成年初期就已经开始衰退了。该句中成年初期指的就是年轻的时候，故答案为D)。

13． What does Timothy Salthouse say about people’s minds in most cases? A．They tend to decline in people’s later years. B．Their flexibility determines one’s abilities. C．They function quite well even in old age.

D．Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。定位句提到，据研究者蒂莫西·索尔特豪斯所说，大部分人的思维功能在年老时期都处于一个较高的水平。C)中的in old age是对文中in later years的同义转述，故为答案。

14． Although people’s minds may function less flexibly as they age, they______.

A．may be better at solving puzzles B．can memorize things with more ease

C．may have greater facility in abstract reasoning

D．can put what they have learnt into more effective use

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。定位段提到，这些规律表明，某些种类的脑力灵活性会在成年期相对较早的时候下降，但是一个人的知识量，以及把这些知识和自身能力结合在一起的能力，在没有疾病的情况下，会在整个成年期增强。D)“把他们的所学更有效地应用到实践中”，与原文表达一致，故为答案。

15． According to Salthouse, their study may help us______. A．find ways to slow down our mental decline B．find ways to boost our memories

C．understand the complex process of mental functioning

D．understand the relation between physical and mental health

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。定位段提到，索尔特豪斯说，“通过追踪个体，我们在认知能力的改变方面有了一定的发现，并且有可能发现减缓这种衰退速度的方法。”A)“减慢心智功能的衰退”符合文意，故为答案。

The most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children. The shorthand(简写)educators use

for this is “pre-K”—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea is to prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey. But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program. The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University’s Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research. A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade. It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues related to educating a child. Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldn’t be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the child’s schooling. I lean toward the latter view. This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture. The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention(干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation. For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.

16． What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education? A．It should cater to the needs of individual children. B．It is essential to a person’s future academic success.

C．Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it. D．Parents regard it as the first phase of children’s development.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。定位句指出，这种概念有多种形式，学者和制定者们在理想方案的形式、范围以及项目成本方面产生了分歧。concept一词指代的即是Kindergarten education。选项C)“学者们和政治决策者们观点不同”是对定位句的同义转换。故答案为C)。

17． What does the new Peabody study find? A．Pre-K achievements usually do not last long. B．The third grade marks a new phase of learning.

C．The third grade is critical to children’s development. D．Quality has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。定位句提到，皮博迪学院关于田纳西自愿学前班项目的一项新研究指出学龄前教育是有用的，但是其效果并不能持续到三年级。言外之意，就是学龄前教育的成效并不能坚持很久，和选项A)含义一致，故答案为A)。

18． When does the author think pre-K works the best? A．When it is accessible to kids of all families. B．When it is made part of kids’ education. C．When it is no longer considered a luxury. D．When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。定位句提到，这更突出了小学而非幼儿园的教育质量，并表明要取得长期成效必须把学龄前教育和其他教育问题结合在一起。也就是说，让学龄前教育成为整个教育体系的一部分，故答案为B)。

19． What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry? A．She knows the real goal of education. B．She is a mayor of insight and vision. C．She has once run a pre-K program. D．She is a firm supporter of pre-K.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。定位句介绍了梅根·巴里，她是第一个为学龄前教育计划发声的人，也就是支持者，故答案为D)。

20． What does the author think is critical to kids’ education? A．Teaching method. B．Kids’ interest. C．Early intervention. D．Parents’ involvement.

正确答案：C

解析：推理判断题。定位句提到，更多的证据倾向于学前教育，认为早期干预是有效的。题干询问作者认为对于儿童教育重要的因素是什么，而对学龄期教育影响最大的就是这种早期干预，故答案为C)。