The medical uses of mobile phones show they can be good for your health
What impact can mobile phones have on their users' health? Many people worry about the supposed ill effects caused by radiation from handsets and base stations, despite the lack of
credible evidence of any harm. But evidence for the beneficial effects of mobile phones on health is rather more abundant. Indeed, a systematic review carried out by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, London, rounds up 150 examples of the use of text-messaging in the delivery of health care. These uses fall into three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by incorporating text-messaging into treatment regimes. The study, funded by Vodafone, the world's largest mobile operator, was published this week.
Using texting to boost efficiency is not rocket science, but big savings can be achieved. Several trials carried out in England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders reduces the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39%, for example, and the number of missed hospital appointments by 33-50%. If such schemes were rolled out nationally, this would translate into annual savings of £256m-3m. Text messages are also being used to remind patients about blood tests, clinics, scans and dental appointments. Similar schemes in America, Norway and Sweden have had equally satisfying results—though the use of text-message reminders in the Netherlands, where non-attendance rates are low, at 4%, had no effect other than to annoy patients.
Text messages can also be a good way to spread public-health information, particularly to groups who are hard to reach by other means, such as teenagers, or in developing countries where other means of communication are unavailable. Text messages have been used in India to inform people about the World Health Organisation's strategy to control tuberculosis, for example, and in Kenya, Nigeria and Mali to provide information about HIV and malaria. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a campaign to vaccinate nearly 5m children against polio.
Finally, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending reminders to patients to take their medicine at the right time, or to encourage compliance with exercise regimes or efforts to stop smoking. The evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally anecdotal, however, notes Dr Rifat. More quantitative research is needed—which is why his team also published three papers this week looking at the use of mobile phones in health care in more detail. One of these papers, written in conjunction with Victoria Franklin and Stephen Greene of the University of Dundee, in Scotland, reports the results of a trial in which diabetic teenagers' treatment was backed up with text messaging.
Diabetes needs constant management, and requires patients to take an active role in their treatment by measuring blood-sugar levels and administering insulin injections. The most effective form of therapy is an intensive regime in which patients adjust the dose of insulin depending on what they eat. This is more onerous for the patient, but allows for a greater dietary variety. Previous studies have shown that intensive treatment is effective only with close supervision by doctors. Dr Franklin and her colleagues devised a system called Sweet Talk, which sends patients
personalised text messages reminding them of the treatment goals they have set themselves, and allowing them to send questions to doctors. The Sweet Talk system was tested over a period of 18 months with teenage patients receiving both conventional and intensive diabetes treatment. A control group received conventional treatment and no text messages.
The researchers found that the use of text-messaging significantly increased the effectiveness of treatment,. More importantly, among patients receiving intensive therapy, the level of
haemoglobin HbA1c—an indicator of blood-glucose and hence of glycaemic control—was 14%
lower than for those in the control group. Since even a 10% decline in HbA1c level is associated with a reduction in complications such as eye and kidney problems, this is an impressive result. It suggests that texting can cheaply and effectively support intensive therapy among teenagers, who often demonstrate poor compliance.
Despite such promising results, Dr Rifat notes, many of the medical uses of text-messaging have not yet been subjected to clinical trials, because they are so new. And even where the benefits are proven, the technology has not been systematically deployed on a large scale. But when it comes to improving outcomes and reducing costs, text messages would seem to be just what the doctor ordered. 【分析】 Mobile phones A text a day...
The medical uses of mobile phones show they can be good for your health
(1) ① What impact can mobile phones have on their users' health? ② Many people worry about the supposed ill effects caused by radiation from handsets and base stations, despite the lack of credible evidence of any harm. ③ But evidence for the beneficial effects of mobile phones on health is rather more abundant. ④ Indeed, a systematic review carried out by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, London, rounds up 150 examples of the use of text-messaging in the delivery of health care. ⑤ These uses fall into three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by incorporating text-messaging into treatment regimes. ⑥ The study, funded by Vodafone, the world's largest mobile operator, was published this week. ①以特殊疑问句提出手机对用户健康有何影响。②介绍一般人所认为的手机辐射可能给健康带来伤害。③以But表示转折,手机对用户有益的证据丰富(abundant),这与②中的”lack”相对照。④⑤紧接上一句,交待有关科学家对此作了研究,简单交待研究的结果,用处可以分为三类。⑥交待这项研究的赞助者。
(2) ① Using texting to boost efficiency is not rocket science, but big savings can be achieved. ② Several trials carried out in England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders reduces the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39%, for example, and the number of missed hospital appointments by 33-50%. ③ If such schemes were rolled out nationally, this would translate into annual savings of £256m-3m. ①使用短信提高效率并不困难,却可以节省大笔资金。这是本节的主题句。②介绍英格兰几个试验的情况,提高了与医生赴约的比率。③作出假设,如果相同的计划能够在全国推广,那就意味着每年能节省大笔资金。Such schemes指代上句中的the use of text—messaging reminders。
(3) ① Text messages are also being used to remind patients about blood tests, clinics, scans and dental appointments. ② Similar schemes in America, Norway and Sweden have had equally satisfying results—though the use of text-message reminders in the Netherlands, where non-attendance rates are low, at 4%, had no effect other than to annoy patients. ①短信可以用来提醒患者要做某项治疗。②交待在美国挪威瑞典和荷兰进行此类试验得到的结论。第(2)(3)节围绕第一节中的efficiency gain展开。
(4) ① Text messages can also be a good way to spread public-health information, particularly to groups who are hard to reach by other means, such as teenagers, or in developing countries where other means of communication are unavailable. ② Text messages have been used in India to inform people about the World Health Organisation's strategy to control tuberculosis, for example, and in Kenya, Nigeria and Mali to provide information about HIV and malaria. ③ In Iraq, text messages were used to support a campaign to vaccinate nearly 5m children against polio. ①短信可以被用来传播公共卫生信息。②③举出在印度、肯尼亚等国短信传播公共卫生信息的例子,用来证明上一句的观点。本节围绕public-health gain而展开。
(5) ① Finally, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. ② These involve sending reminders to patients to take their medicine at the right time, or to encourage compliance with exercise regimes or efforts to stop smoking. ③ The evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally anecdotal, however, notes Dr Rifat. ④ More quantitative research is needed—which is why his team also published three papers this week looking at the use of mobile phones in health care in more detail. ⑤ One of these papers, written in conjunction with Victoria Franklin and Stephen Greene of the University of Dundee, in Scotland, reports the results of a trial in which diabetic teenagers' treatment was backed up with text messaging. ①注意finally这个单词,表示列举顺序的,短消息可以成为医疗方案的一部分。第(3)(4)两节都针对第(1)节的第五句而叙述的。②介绍短消息在医疗方案上的使用:提醒病人按时服药,遵守既定的医疗计划,继续戒烟的努力。③注意本句中的however,它的位置虽然靠后,却值得注意。医疗方案中采用短信有效是generally anecdotal,眼下之意,缺乏具体的科学依据。④针对上句中的”however”,瑞法特和同事的研究就是对短信在医疗方案中作用的数量研究。⑤交待其中一篇论文的情况:论文的参与人员以及短信在青少年糖尿病治疗中的使用为研究对象。
(6) ① Diabetes needs constant management, and requires patients to take an active role in their treatment by measuring blood-sugar levels and administering insulin injections. ② The most effective form of therapy is an intensive regime in which patients adjust the dose of insulin depending on what they eat. ③ This is more onerous for the patient, but allows for a greater dietary variety. ④ Previous studies have shown that intensive treatment is effective only with close supervision by doctors. ⑤ Dr Franklin and her colleagues devised a system called Sweet Talk, which sends patients personalised text messages reminding them of the treatment goals they have set themselves, and allowing them to send questions to doctors. ⑥ The Sweet Talk system was tested over a period of 18 months with teenage patients receiving both conventional and intensive diabetes treatment. ⑦ A control group received conventional treatment and no text messages.
①紧接上第(5)节最后一句,交待糖尿病需要持续的治疗。②最有效的治疗形式是强化治疗。③强化治疗对患者来说有点麻烦,不过可以有比较宽泛的饮食选择。④⑤⑥根据先前研究的经验,糖尿病治疗只有在医生的一切监控下才有效。据此,富兰克林和他的同事设计了“甜言蜜语”系统。该系统已经经过一年半时间的检测。⑦交待了试验采取对比的方法。 (7) ① The researchers found that the use of text-messaging significantly increased the effectiveness of treatment. ② More importantly, among patients receiving intensive therapy, the level of haemoglobin HbA1c—an indicator of blood-sugar and hence of glycaemic control—was 14% lower than for those in the control group. ③ Since even a 10% decline in HbA1c level is associated with a reduction in complications such as eye and kidney problems, this is an impressive result. ④ It suggests that texting can cheaply and effectively support intensive therapy among teenagers, who often demonstrate poor compliance.
①紧接上一节,交待治疗青少年糖尿病的情况:研究人员发现短信的使用极大地提高了治疗的有效性。②③以具体数据说明治疗的有效:与对照组(control group)相比,血红蛋白数量下降10%有余,从而带来眼、肾等并发症的下降。④总结含有短信方案的强化治疗能便宜且有效的治疗依从性较差的青少年患者。第(5)(6)(7)围绕“direct benefits to patients by incorporating text-messaging into treatment regimes”而展开。
(8) ① Despite such promising results, Dr Rifat notes, many of the medical uses of text-messaging have not yet been subjected to clinical trials, because they are so new. ② And even where the benefits are proven, the technology has not been systematically deployed on a large scale.③ But when it comes to improving outcomes and reducing costs, text messages would seem to be just what the doctor ordered.
①引用瑞法特的评论,尽管此次试验结果令人鼓舞,但由于其新的缘故,许多短信使用在医疗上的用途还没有得到临床实验的证实。②即使有些益处已经得到了证实,这项科技也尚未在较大范围内有组织的推广使用。③But表示转折:尽管没有大规模的应用,要想提高治疗效果、降低成本,短消息正是所需的。最后一节为全文的评论之句,表明了作者的观点。 【注解】
beneficial: adj. having a good effect 有利的,有益的
e.g. The problem is that science offers no clear guidelines yet on how beneficial organic food is.问题是科学尚未提供有机食物有多少益处的明确标准。
abundant: adj. something that is abundant exists or is available in large quantities so that there is more than enough大量的,丰富的
[+]plentiful, ample, well-supplied, well-provided [-]scarce
systematic: adj. organized carefully and done thoroughly 系统的,有组织的 review: n. a careful examination of a situation or process仔细检查 colleague: [+] associate, co-worker, fellow worker, teammate
round up: to find and gather together a group of people, animals, or things使…集中 [+]assemble, gather, collect
e.g. The police rounded up a number of suspects.把许多疑犯都召来了。
delivery: n. the act of bringing goods, letters etc to a particular person or place, or the things that are brought递送;交付
fall into: to belong to or be part of a particular group, area of responsibility, range of things, or type of things属于,是…的一部分
e.g. Many illnesses fall into the category of stress-related illnesses.许多疾病都与压力有关。 e.g. Most companies fall into two categories, depending on the type of liability that can be imposed on the owners.根据所有者的义务,大多数公司可以分为两类。 gain: n. an increase in the amount or level of something增加
incorporate: vt. to include something as part of a group, system, plan etc将…包括进去,使…成为…的一部分
e.g. Suggestions from the survey have been incorporated into the final design.最终设计已经包含了调查得来的建议。
regime: n. a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet)治疗的系统计划 fund: vt. to provide money for an activity, organization, event etc为…提供资金 [+] finance, sponsor impact:
[*]increase, enhance, maximize the impact; [*]alleviate, lessen, soften, reduce the impac; [*]exert, make, have, create the impac ;
[*]address, appreciate, predict, highlight the impac [*]under the impact of ; impact on/upon
effect:
[*]adverse, harmful, serious, disastrous, devastating, negative effect; [*]beneficial, positive, the desired effect despite:[+]in spite of lack:[+]absence, shortage
evidence: [*]credible, abundant
mobile phone, handset, cellular phone, cellphone手机 boost efficiency 提高效率
[*]enhance, improve, promote efficiency; [*]decrease, impair, reduce efficiency efficiency gains/improvement 效率增加
sth is not rocket science used to say that something is not difficult to do or understand不难的,易于理解的
trial: n. a process of testing to find out whether something works effectively and is safe 试验 [*]carry out, conduct a trial
reminder:n. a written or spoken message which reminds someone to do something提醒人做事的东西
appointment:
[*]keep the appointment守约; break/miss the appointment爽约; [*]arrange, book, fix, make an appointment 安排约会 [*]appointment with…与…的约会
roll out:to make a new product available for people to buy or use [+]launch translate:vt. be converted or convert something into被转化成…/将…转化成 [+]convert, transform, alter
e.g. It's time to translate our ideas into action.该是实习转化为行动的时候了。
e.g.Your decision must be translated into specific, concrete actions.你的决心必须落实到具体的行动上。
remind sb about sth/to do sth:to make someone remember something that they must do让…记得要做…
e.g. The girls constantly had to be reminded about their chores.需要经常提醒女孩做家务。 e.g. Please remind me to post this letter.记得提醒我邮信。
remind sb of sth: to make someone remember someone that they know or something that happened in the past使某人回想起或意识到某人(某事物)
e.g. That song always reminds me of our first date.那首歌总令我想起我们的第一次约会。 non-attendance: n. failure to go to a place or event where you are supposed to go未出席 other than: You use other than after a negative statement to say that the person, item, or thing that follows is the only exception to the statement. [+]apart from, except
e.g. She makes no reference to any feminist work other than her own.除了她自己的作品外,他没有提及其他任何女权主义者的作品。
vaccinate: vt.to protect a person or animal from a disease by giving them a vaccine给某人[某物]接种疫苗
[*]vaccinate sb against sth:
e.g.The children were vaccinated against the major childhood diseases.这些孩子接种过疫苗预防主要的儿童类疾病。
involve: vt. if an activity or situation involves something, that thing is part of it or a result of it需要,使…成为其中的一部分
e.g. Running your own business usually involves working long hours.自己经营公司通常需要花费大量的时间。
compliance: n. when someone obeys a rule, agreement, or demand遵守(法则、协议或要求) [*]compliance with
e.g. Patients should have a history of good compliance with treatment.患者应该有一个好的依从记录。
[+]obedience to, observance of, adherence to, conformity to
anecdotal: adj.Anecdotal evidence is based on individual accounts, rather than on reliable research or statistics, and so may not be valid.传闻证据,个人体验
e.g. His findings are based on anecdotal evidence rather than serious research.他的发现建立在传闻证据而不是严谨的研究之上。
e.g. Anecdotal evidence suggests that sales in Europe have slipped.传闻证据显示欧洲的销售已经下滑。
look at: If you look at a subject, problem, or situation, you think about it or study it, so that you know all about it and can perhaps consider what should be done in relation to it考虑或研究某事物
e.g. We need to look very carefully at ways of improving our efficiency.我们得仔细考虑提高效率的方法。
in detail: If you examine or discuss something in detail, you do it thoroughly and carefully.详细地
e.g.We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text.在决定最后文本之前我们详细地检查了用词。
[+] comprehensively, thoroughly, in depth, closely, fully, extensively.
in conjunction with sb/sth: working, happening, or being used with someone or something else与…一道
[+]in collaboration/partnership with
e.g. Since iron destroys vitamin E, these two nutrients should not be taken in conjunction.铁破坏维生素E,因此这两种营养剂不能一起服用。
e.g. There is a team of writers working in conjunction (with each other) on the book.有一个团队的作家合作写这本书。
back…up:to provide support or help for someone or something为…提供支持或帮助
e.g.The Secretary General says the declaration must now be backed up by concrete and effective actions.秘书长说必须要有具体有效的行动落实宣言的内容。
administer: vt. to give someone a medicine or medical treatment给某人药片或对…治疗 e.g. Painkillers were administered to the boy.小男孩已经服用止痛药了。
adjust: vt. to change or move something slightly to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose调整
e.g. As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.作为老师,你得调整方法以满足接受慢的学生的需要。
dose: n. the amount of a medicine or a drug that you should take剂量
onerous: adj. work or a responsibility that is onerous is difficult and worrying or makes you tired困难的,艰巨的,使人…累的
allow: v.to make it possible for something to happen or for someone to do something, especially something helpful or useful允许,使…成为可能
e.g.Our new system will allow for more efficient use of resources.我们的新系统将使资源的利用更高效。
另外:allow for: to consider the possible facts, problems, costs etc involved in something when making a plan, calculation, or judgment 考虑
e.g. You should always allow for the possibility that it might rain.你应该考虑到下雨的可能。 supervision: n. the supervising of people, activities, or places. 监控,监督 [*]under one’s supervision在…监控/指导下; [*]with/without supervision, [*]close, strict, careful supervision;[*]adequate, effective, proper supervision
e.g. Students are not allowed to handle these chemicals unless they are under the supervision of a teacher.没有老师的指导,学生不可以碰这些化学物质。
conventional:adj. a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type惯例的,常规的
control group: experimental group used to verify the results of an experiment via comparison to the subject group控制组,对照组
significantly: adv. in an important way or to an important degree极大地
[+] remarkably, outstandingly, crucially, appreciably, markedly, considerably, obviously, conspicuously, strikingly, signally.
intensive: adj.involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time密集的,集中的,在有限时间内紧张工作的 [*]intensive farming/agriculture 密集型农业
energy-intensive 能源密集型的 knowledge-intensive 知识密集型的 capital-intensive资本密集型的 labour-intensive劳动密集型的
decline: n. a decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something下降,减少 [+]reduction/decrease
associate: to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another把…联系起来
e.g. A recent Euro-poll asked people to name the first thing they associated with globalisation: the loss of jobs, most replied.最近的欧洲民调让人说出“全球化”使他们想到的第一件事是什么,许多人的回答是失业。
e.g. Brazil's poor economic growth over the past few years is associated in part with the low level of education.在过去的几年中巴西经济的不景气时与低水平的教育有一定的关系的。 complications: n. a medical problem or illness that happens while someone is already ill and makes treatment more difficult并发症
impressive: adj.Something that is impressive impresses you, for example because it is great in size or degree, or is done with a great deal of skill. 给人以深刻印象的,令人鼓舞的
promising: adj.showing signs of being successful or good in the future 有希望的,有前途的 [+]encouraging, hopeful
subject sb/sth to sth cause sb/sth to experience or undergo sth 使某人[某物]经历或遭受某事物 deploy:vt. to use something or someone, especially in an effective way使用 [+]use,utilize, employ, take advantage of, exploit
e.g. She rejected the arguments that had been deployed against her.她驳回了反驳她的论据。 e.g. My job doesn't really allow me fully to deploy my skills/talents.我的工作不能使我充分的发挥才干。
clinical: adj. Clinical means involving or relating to the direct medical treatment or testing of patients.
scale: the size or level of something, or the amount that something is happening规模,程度 [*]on a large/small/grand etc scale
e.g.My parents used to entertain friends on a large/small scale (= they had large/small parties). [*]on a global/international/world scale 全球范围 [*]economy of scale规模经济
[+]on a large scale: on a wide scope, to a great extent, generally, in great measure 大规模地
when it comes to sth/doing sth when it is a case, matter or question of (doing) sth 当涉及(做)某事物的情况﹑ 事情或问题时:
e.g. Most of us know we should cut down on fat. But knowing such things isn't much help when it comes to shopping and eating.许多人都知道我们应该降低脂肪的消费。但购物时,吃东西时,知道这些东西没有多大用处。
outcome: n. the final result of a meeting, discussion, war etc结果
e.g. The aim is to evaluate possible outcomes.目标是评估所有可能的结果。
[搭配]affect/ influence; decide/ determine; achieve/ produce/ have; evaluate/measure theoutcome just what the doctor ordered: exactly what is wanted or needed:正是所需要的。
e.g. Ooh thank you, a nice cup of tea. Just what the doctor ordered.哦,谢谢,来一杯茶。就是那个。
【长难句分析】
Similar schemes in America, Norway and Sweden have had equally satisfying results—though the
use of text-message reminders in the Netherlands, where non-attendance rates are low, at 4%, had no effect other than to annoy patients.
语法重点:让步状语从句+定语从句
分析:句子主干为:Similar schemes have had equally satisfying results. 其中“in America, Norway and Sweden”修饰schemes. Though引导一个让步状语从句“the use of text-message reminders had no effect other than to annoy patients.”在让步状语中“in the Netherlands”修饰the use,.定语从句where non-attendance rates are low, at 4%用来修饰“the Netherlands”。
翻译:在美国、挪威和瑞典的相似计划也取得了同样令人满意的结果。不过荷兰,爽约率比较低只有4%,手机短信的提醒除了使患者厌烦外没有其他效果。
Text messages can also be a good way to spread public-health information, particularly to groups who are hard to reach by other means, such as teenagers, or in developing countries where other means of communication are unavailable.
语法重点:定语从句+并列表语
分析:句子主干比较简单,能够一眼看出,为“Text messages can also be a good way to spread public-health information”。who are hard to reach by other means or in developing countries为定语从句,修饰先行词groups,其中hard to reach 与 in developing countries为并列的表语。where other means of communication are unavailable为定语从句,修饰developing countries。 翻译:短信也是一种传播公共卫生信息的好途径,对通过其他方法不能获取此类信息的人群(比如青少年),或者没有其他通讯手段的发展中国家的人们来说,更是如此。 One of these papers, written in conjunction with Victoria Franklin and Stephen Greene of the University of Dundee, in Scotland, reports the results of a trial in which diabetic teenagers' treatment was backed up with text messaging.
语法重点:现在分词做定语+定语从句
分析:句子主干为One of these papers reports the results of a trial。其中“written in conjunction with Victoria Franklin and Stephen Greene”为现在分词做后置定语,修饰papers; in which diabetic teenagers' treatment was backed up with text messaging.为定语从句,修饰“trial”。 翻译:其中一篇是与苏格兰邓迪大学的维多利亚·富兰克林和斯提芬·格林合作完成的,它报道了一项实验的结果:短信的使用有助于青少年糖尿病的治疗。
Dr Franklin and her colleagues devised a system called Sweet Talk, which sends patients personalised text messages reminding them of the treatment goals they have set themselves, and allowing them to send questions to doctors.
语法重点:定语从句+过去分词作定语+现在分词做定语
句子主干为Dr Franklin and her colleagues devised a system。called Sweet Talk过去分词分析:
做后置定语修饰system. which sends patients personalised text messages为定语从句,修饰system。reminding them of the treatment goals和allowing them to send questions to doctors为并列的现在分词,都做后置定语,修饰text messages. (which) they have set themselves,为定语从句,修饰goals。因为goals在从句中做set的宾语,因此which可以省略。
翻译:富兰克林博士和同事设计了一个“甜言蜜语”系统,它可向患者发送个性化短信,叮嘱其记住既定的治疗目标,如有疑问也可发信息给医生。 【参考译文】
手机对用户的健康有什么影响呢?尽管缺乏任何有害的可靠证据,许多人还是担心手机和通信基站的辐射对身体有害。不过,手机对健康有益的证据越来越多。事实上,伦敦帝国学院瑞法特·亚顿和其同事开展的系统研究收集了150个使用手机短信实施卫生保健的案例。这
些用途可以归成三类:提高效率,促进公共卫生信息宣传,以及把短信纳入医疗体系而给患者的直接收益。这项由世界上最大的手机运营商沃达丰资助的研究本周公布于众。 使用短信提高效率并不是什么高深的科学,却能取得大的节余。英格兰进行的几次试验发现短信提醒的使用使得与家庭医生的爽约率降低了26-39%,与医院医生的降低了33-50%。如果这项计划在全国推广运用,那就意味着每年可节省2.56-3.亿英镑。
现在短消息也被用来提醒病人去验血、上诊所、做扫描和赴牙医的预约。在美国、挪威和瑞典的相似计划也取得了同样令人满意的结果。不过荷兰,爽约率比较低只有4%,手机短信的提醒除了使病人厌烦外没有其他效果。
短信也是一种传播公共卫生信息的好途径,对通过其他方法不能获取此类信息的人群(比如青少年),或者没有其他通讯手段的发展中国家的人们来说,更是如此。比如,在印度,人们已经可以通过短信得知世界卫生组织在控制结核病方面的策略;在肯尼亚、尼日利亚和马里人们可以得到艾滋病病毒和疟疾方面的信息。在伊拉克,短信被用来支持旨在使5百万儿童接种小儿麻痹症疫苗的运动,
最后,短信的使用成为医疗计划的一部分。它包括给发送短消息提醒病人在合适的时间服药,鼓励病人遵从锻炼计划或继续戒烟,不要功亏一篑。瑞法特说,不过这些计划有效性的证据一般都是个人的经验。因此需要更多的定量研究。(这是他的团队这周出版三篇详细研究手机使用对健康影响的原因),其中一篇是与苏格兰邓迪大学的维多利亚·富兰克林和斯提芬·格林合作完成的,它报道了一项实验的结果:短信的使用有助于青少年糖尿病的治疗。 糖尿病需要持续的治疗,并要求病人在其中扮演积极的角色:如测量血糖、注射胰岛素。最有效的治疗形式就是进行强化治疗,患者根据饮食调整胰岛素量。这对患者而言是有些勉为其难,但可以采取更为多样性的饮食。先前研究显示,只有在医生密切监控下,强化治疗才有效。富兰克林博士和同事设计了一个“甜言蜜语”系统,它可向患者发送个性化短信,叮嘱其记住既定的治疗目标,如有疑问也可发信息给医生。“甜言蜜语”系统经过了18个月的检测,其间青少年糖尿病患者同时接受常规和强化治疗,并设立对照组,即患者仅接受常规疗法,而不给其发送短信。
研究人员发现,应用短信极大地提高了治疗的效应。更为重要的是,接受强化治疗的患者中,血红蛋白HbA1c的数量比对照组低14%。糖化血红蛋白数量即使下降10%,就意味着眼、肾等并发症发生率降低,因此这一试验结果令人瞩目。它表明短信能够便宜而有效地辅助少年患者强化治疗,他们在治疗中往往依从性很差。
里法特指出,结果虽然令人深受鼓舞,但短信的许多医疗用途由于太过新颖,还没有接受临床试验。即便是益处已被证实的领域,这项科技也尚未得到大规模的系统性推广。但是,提到改善治疗效果和减少医疗费用,短信也许正是治疗患者所需的。
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