英语历年六级改错真题

Error correction:

错 误 类 型

Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word, or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark(∧)in the right place and writing the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.

(换、增、删)

1.逻辑表达错误 （语义衔接错误）

2.介词使用错误 （少介词/多介词/介词错误）

3.代词使用错误 （代词的复数与单数问题，考虑前后句间的衔接）

4.非谓语动词使用错误 （ing-ed-原形-to do间的互换）

5.主谓语前后不一致错误

6.名词的错误 （单复数问题/主谓一致问题）

7.冠词的错误 （多冠词/少冠词/冠词使用错误）

8.句子结构的错误 （并列结构、复合结构）

9.时态语态和语气的使用错误 （前后时态不一致/虚拟语气）

10.易混淆词的使用错误。（形近意不同）

一、逻辑表达的错误

真题训练 03-6 S4 S9 03-9 S7 S8 04-1 S4 04-6 S6 04-12 S6

06-1 S3 06-6 S10 06-12-23 78 逻辑表达错误是由于某个词语使用不当而造成文章在语义上前后不一致或者矛盾的错误类型，具有难度大、不易发现的特点。这类错误往往需要在考生充分理解全文并具有较强的语言综合应用能力的基础上方可解答。一般来说，逻辑表达错误包括两种类型。

第一种是反义词的使用错误，常见的这类错误有：

① 派生反义词，如：encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等；

②互补性反义词，如：dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-single等；

③换位性反义词，如：buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child，left-right等；

④相对性反义词，如：easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等；

⑤按上下文语义，行中多用了not或no，或必须添上not或no。

一般错误多在形容词、副词、动词和名词。

第二种是连接词的使用错误，包括：

① 并列连词，如：and，but，for，or等；

② 主从连词，这类词较多，如：because，(al)though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等；

③ 连接性副词，如：however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等；

④连接性介词，如：because of，despite，besides，instead of等。

例1

Recently more and more attention has been focused on the problem of preserving the environment. The fact that a Government Ministry called the Department of the Environment has been created shows how unimportant the issue is considered to be. 1.__________ Many other countries have established similar organizations. 这段文章，所要表达的意思是：人们对环境问题的重视，并成立了环境部，从而意在说明环境这个问题是多么的重要。显而易见，该处的unimportant应该改为具有肯定意义的important。此处错误属于第一种，即反义词的使用错误。 例2

In our society all kinds of work are equally important. For example, the work of a completely uneducated farmer is in some sense more important than that of a professor: we can live without education, so we die if we 1. __________ have no food. This is a simple truth that everybody believes. Although no one cleaned our streets and took the 2. _____ rubbish away from our house, we would get terrible diseases in our towns. 在这段文章，第一处要表达的意思是：农民的工作在某种程度上甚至比教授还重要，这是因为不受教育我们照样能活下去，但是没有食物我们却无法存活。因此应该将so改为but，这样才符合文章的逻辑。第二处错误，咋看似乎是一个让步从句，然而后文却毫无转折之意，其实它是一个条件式虚拟语句，应该将although改为if。这两处错误均属于逻辑表达错误中的第二种，即连接词使用错误。这类错误比较第一种错误来说，重在考查考生对英语语言的应用方面。 通过例题以及解答不难看出，逻辑错误主要是考查学生对整篇文章的理解，一般不容易第一眼便发现，只有我们读完全文或者上下文之后才可以把握。 Practice

1 There are many arguments for and against television. The poor quality of its program is often criticized and TV commercials are also boring. So television is undoubtedly 1.__________

a great comfort to many lonely and elderly people. 2 The manager of a large office building had received many complaints about elevator service in the building, but he engaged a group of engineers to study the situation and make recommendation for improvement. 3 We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person by the way they occupied the space around them——for example, when such a person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of others. Such people never 3.__________ bump into other people. 4 Until the very latest moment of his existence, man has been bound the planet on which he 2.__________

originated and developed. Now he has the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only directly. 4.__________ 5 One major decision which faces the American students ready to begin higher education is the choice of attending a large university or a small college. The large university provides a wide range of specialized departments as well as numerous courses within such departments. The small college, therefore, 5.__________ generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offers a better student-faculty ratio, thus permitting individualized attention to students. 6 Music the Johnny has learned to appreciate as

unpleasant is just dull noise to Jimmy——and quite 6.__________ possible, vice versa. 7 We are learning, finally, that silence is a natural resource and must be protected by law. It appears that we all find company in sound, if we all demand a little quiet from time to time. 8 The farmer aroused at down or before it and had much work to do, with his own muscles as his chief source of power. He used axes, spades and 8.__________ other complicated tools. 9 Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men rests on at least two factors. First, will most of them continue 7.__________

part-time at their jobs after they have children? A 9.__________ break in their employment, or a decision to work part-time, will slow their raises and promotions as it would for men. 10 Whether true or not, the story illustrates the problem with idioms. They are almost possible to 10.__________ understand from the meanings of the individual words. And with English idioms, even the same words may have different meanings. 答案解析： 1.将so改为转折性连词but。虽然前句说电视节目质量遭到批评，并且还有令人讨厌的广告，但是接下来是说对孤寡老人的益处，因此此处表达转折的意思。 2.将but 改为so。文章并没有表达转折的意思，因为经理收到了许多关于电梯服务的投诉，所以他才做出后面的措施，因此此处应该是因果关系。

3.将unaware改为aware。根据后文说这样的人从来不会撞到别人便可看出，他们时刻在注意着别人。 4.将directly改为indirectly。根据前文所说，人类先前并没有进入这些宇宙空间而是现在才具有了这种能力，因此不可能是直接而只可能是间接的了解。 5.将therefore改为however。根据上文可以看出，此处学院是和大学在做对比，因此是一种转折关系。 6.将unpleasant改为pleasant。此句意思是说对于Johnny来说pleasant的音乐对Jimmy却完全是噪音，从而显示出两人的不同，从后文vice verse也可看出原句是将两人在进行对比。 7.将if改为although，though，but或者yet。仔细分析此句会发现，原文其实在表达一种让步或转折关系而非条件关系。该句意思是：尽管我们时常要求一点宁静，却似乎我们都离不开声音。 8.将and改为or。此处是表示选择，即农民既可以使用斧子，也可以使用铁锹或者其他类似的工具。 9.将part-time改为full-time。根据后文可知，妇女选择兼职将会减缓她们工资增长以及提升，因此要想获得和男性同样的薪水，将决定于她们应该是否会继续从事全职。 10.将possible改为impossible。根据后文可知，即使同样的词语意思也是不一样，因此这个问题应该是从单个词语意思来理解习语是个可能的事情。 二、介词的使用错误

真题分析 03-6 S8 S10 03-9 S10 04-1 S7 04-6 S10 04-12 S2 05-12 S5 介词使用错误是改错题常见的错误类型之一。介词的用法是英语学习中的的一大难点，英语中有相当数量的动词短语、介词短语和固定短语都含有介词。尽管介词本身数量并不多，但是其搭配方式之丰富多变往往使英语考生为之色变。能否准确地运用介词可直接反映出考生的英语基础是否扎实，因此一般考试都会包括这种类型的错误。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是我们最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错及改错上有所突破，我们必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。 为获得高分，在改错练习中，务必注意从以下几个方面辨认：

① 介词与动词的搭配，如： accuse sb. of ， charge sb. from ， prohibit sb. from ， differ from ， contribute to 等；

② 介词与名词的搭配，如： count on ， influence on/upon ， improve on ， belief/believe in ， confidence in ， advantage on ， preference over ， attitude to/toward ， solution to 等； ③ 介词与形容词的搭配，如： different from ， indifferent to/toward ， dependent on/upon ， independent of ， on good/bad terms with ， on the contrary ， by chance ， by turns 等。 例 1 The first necessity of child upbringing is a secure emotional background with parents who are united in their attitude with children. 1.__________ “ attitude toward ” 是表示 “ 对 …… 的态度 ” ，为固定用法，而没有 “ attitude with ” 的用法，因此应该将 with 改为 toward. 例 2 Unfortunately we have not found complete solutions with the various problems of our 1.__________ society, such like poverty, homelessness or 2.__________

the growth of crime. “ solution to problem ” 表示 “ 问题的解决办法 ” ，为固定搭配用法，因此应该将 with 改为介词 to ， “ such as ” 表示 “ 例如、诸如 ” 的意思，为固定搭配，因此应该将 like 改为 as 。 例 3 More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms and in villages. 1.__________ Instead 本身为副词，其后不可以直接接宾语，而应该在后面加上介词 of 。“ instead of ”表示“代替，不是……”的意思。 例 4 His Arab host, who had been watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of 1.__________ his guest. 动词 say 本身即为及物动词，后面可以直接接上宾语，因此不需要在后面加上介词 of 。这属于介词滥用情形，应该将 nothing 之前的 of 删去。

通过上述几个例子可以看出，介词的用法灵活多变，且许多为固定的用法或者搭配形式。要想真正克服这个拦路虎，我们需要在平时的学习过程中加以记忆和理解，逐步积累，才可以更好的掌握其用法。 练习题 1 People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence like human being, they are smart 1.__________ enough to learn certain things. 2 Marconi, the Italian inventor who gave us radio, probably didn’t realize what effect his great invention would have for the world in the years to come. 2.__________ 3 Before you make travel in another country, find out much as possible about its manners and customs. 3.__________ You will probably be surprised how different they can be with your own. 4.__________

4 We are told that the world’s population is increasing with such a speed that the need for fresh water will be 5.__________ doubled by the end of the century. 5 Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked to him, very much as napkin. 6 It is encouraging to note that in recent years, cigarette smokers have been in the decline, especially among the older people. 7 In 1980 black students comprised of about 10 percent of all college enrollments, up from 5 percent in 1965. 8 The law I am referring requires that everyone who own a car have accident insurance. 6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________

9 But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions. 10.__________ 10 Big cities of the world are well-known by their 11.__________ noises. 答案解析： 1.将like改为as。 2.将for改为on或者upon。和前面的名词effect搭配的介词为on或者upon，意为“对……的影响，对……的作用”。类似的词组还有impact on/upon（对……的影响或冲击），influence on/upon（对……有影响）等。 3.在much之前加上介词as。 4.将with改为from。 5.将with改为at。当表示速度的时候应该使用“at the speed of”或者“at…speed”，“with…speed”没有这个用法。 6.将as改为like。此处的“to him”仅为一个插入语，原句的顺序可以理解为“that looked very much like a napkin to him”。

7.将in改为on。“on the decline”表示“下降，减少”的意思，为固定搭配用法。 8.删去of。此处comprise虽然与consist，compose意义相同，但是使用方法却不一样。Comprise为及物动词，后面不需要接介词，consist后面要加介词of，而compose一般使用be composed of的形式。 9.在referring后面加上介词to。 10.在arriving后面加上at。 11.将by改为for。“be known for”表示“因为……而出名，以……闻名”之意。而“be known by”是指“被……知道”的意思。 • 三、代词使用错误 03-6 S1 03-9 S9 06-12-23 77 06-12-24 70 代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部分相符，这是代词的改错的核心。代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一，几乎每套试题都有，主要涉及如下几种情况：

1 . 指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用；不定代词 one 和 those 与人称代词 you 和 them 的混用及人于指物的误用等。 2. 关系代词的误用。主要为 that 与 which ， who 与 which ， as 与 which 的误用； what 与 that 的混用。 3. 形式代词 it 与 this ， that 的误用。如： find this important to preview the lesson （这里的 this 应改为形式宾语 it ）。 4. 不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词 these 或人称代词的误用； someone/somebody ， everyone/everybody 被误用作复数指代； some- ， any- 集合成代词与 no- 类合成代词的混用等。 例 1 A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors’ study because without them one 1.__________ can read books only in translation. 本句中 without them 指的是：没有几们语言的知识。这里错误地使用了 them 来指代 a knowledge of several languages ，因为其中 knowledge 是中心词，所以要把 them 改为 it 。 例 2

To be frank, that is a great relief to have the task 1.__________ fulfilled in so short a time. 本句中 that 指的是“ to have the task fulfilled in so short a time ”，前者是后者的形式主语，而形式主语只能是 it ，因此必须把 that 改为 it 。 例 3 The teacher asked them who had completed their 1.__________ tests to leave the room as quietly as possible. 这句话看似没有错误，结果也十分完整，然而，它将代词宾格 them 与指示代词 those 的用法混淆了。因为一般来说，人称代词后面应该保留有修饰成分，如果保留 them ，那么这句话则必须改为： The teacher asked them to leave the room as quietly as possible. 这不符合修改的规则，故只能将 them 改为 those ，此时 those 作为指示代词，后面可以接有从句成分。 例 4 Western culture tends to ignore or take it for granted 1.__________ the non-verbal part of conversations, defining good communication as \" speaking well\" .

本句中， it 作为形式主语，一般用于结构“ take it for granted that… ”，然而本句中没有出现从句，而只有名词短语“ the non-verbal part of conversation ”作为宾语，因此不需要形式宾语，应该将 it 删去。 通过上述例题可以发现，英语代词虽然数量不多，但是种类却不少，且各种代词有性、数、格、人称之别，必须在平时学习多注意总结和归纳，才可以正确的把握其用法。下面通过一些练习题来加深印象。 练习题 1 First and most important is its extraordinary receptive and adaptable heterogeneousness --- the ease and readiness with that has taken to itself material 1.__________ from almost everywhere in the world and has made the old elements of language its own. 2 In most advanced English courses, time is usually set aside for conversation lessons. This can be 2.__________ the most difficult and most rewarding of all

the lessons the teacher is called upon to conduct. 3 They gain such mental food that few companions 3.__________ can supply. Even while resting from their labors they are, through the books they read, equipping themselves to perform those labors more inefficiently. 4 Before the time of Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more rapidly towards the earth than small one, because Aristotle said so. 5 But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal stones, and proved to some friends, he had brought there to see his experiment, 5.__________ that Aristotle was in error. 6 Deep in the dense forest these tourists finally 4.__________

found the place where they visited ten years ago. 6.__________ 7 It was a beautifully decorated ancient house which 7.__________ door opened to the east. 8 What has been left was a table in one corner of the living-room which two legs were broken. 8.__________ 9 Some people think of the protection of our environment as the mere protection of a few animals and flowers. Actually natural conversation is far from that some people imagine to be. 9.__________ 10 It has become a question of whether man can survive at all in the world in which he is creating. 10.__________ 答案解析： 1.本题中应该将that改为which。“that”不能作为介词宾语的关系代词，而只能使用which。

2.本题中应该将this改为these。根据上下文可知此处应该指代为conversation lessons。 3.本题中应该将that改为as或者删去such。此句中that引导后面定语从句修饰前面mental food，然后却不能和such一起使用，因此必须修改其中一处。“such…as…”也可以引导定语从句的固定搭配，因此可将that改为as。另一种办法是删去such，原句则变为that引导的定语从句。 4.本题中应该将one改为ones。该处one根据文意应该指代的是bodies。 5.本题中应该在he之后加上关系代词whom。根据上下文可知，这里“he had brought there to see his experiment”为前面“some friends”的非限定性定语从句，然后却没有关系代词，使得句子结构不完整，显然，必须在he前面加上人称关系代词whom。 6.本题中应该将where改为that或者which。该处where为关系副词，而原句中缺少一个关系代词，既指代前文的“the place”，又作为“visited”的宾语。 7.本题中应该将which改为whose。原句中“which door”并非指代先行词“house”，而是属于其中的部分之一，应该使用关系代词的所有格形式whose。 8.本题中应该将which改为whose。道理同上。 9.本题中应该将that改为what。原句中“some people imagine to be”结构不完整，缺少主语，而that引导名词性从句时只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分。 10.本题中应该将in删去。定语从句引导词“which”在引导后面定语从句“he is creating”时充当其宾语成分，因为create为及物动词，后面必须接宾语才可以符合语法规则。

• 总结前三期，分别是1.逻辑表达错误 2.介词使用错误 3.代词使用错误3种错误类型 共30个错误。 • 1.逻辑表达错误 1 This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn’t think so if you could hear what average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. Before a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the different educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. 2 People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads to the changes in the way of life. As income goes down, people may not want more food to eat or more clothes to wear. But may want more and better care from doctors, dentists and hospitals. 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________

They are likely to travel more and want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available 4.__________ in these services. 3 A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors’ study because without them one can read books only in translation. 4 If he was present because of sickness, there was often no job for him when he returned. 5 Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. 7.__________ 6 Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology, it is not necessarily harmful. 5.__________ 6.__________ 8.__________

7 Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this 9.__________ immensely long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. 8 Can we be so bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet within the not-too- 10.__________ distant future? 2.介词使用错误 1 The year 1728 saw friction among the coffee-house keepers and the publishers of newspapers. 2 The traditional nuclear family came into being a couple of hundred years ago with the result of social pressure during the shift from feudalism to industrialism. 3 Most part-time workers are women, and most part-time 1.__________ 2.__________

women choose this work because that their domestic 3.__________ responsibility. 4 Quality defines the difference in tone color between a note played by different instruments or sung by 4.__________ different voices. 5 English, which when the Anglo-Saxons first conquered England at the fifth and sixth centuries was almost a “pure” or “unmixed” language. 6 Gram soon wrote to Watson and Crick, introducing him and presenting the first fruits of his thoughts about the coding problem. 7 Man a million years ago was a little more than an animal; but early man had several advantages to the 5.__________ 6.__________ 7.__________

animals in that he had a large brain and an upright body. 8 Despite of the great difficulties they had, they 8.__________ continued the work without any complaint. 9 We are fully aware of that something must be done to put an end to this situation. 10 We are the same opinion that he is fit for this position. 10.__________ 3.代词使用错误 1 We must find out the customs of other races, so that it will not think us ill-mannered. 2 But the people all over the world agree that being well-mannered really means being kind. Please remember this, and then he will not go very far. 2.__________ 3 Scientist are discovering that sea water can be 9.__________ 1.__________

very valuable. It has been suggested that their 3.__________ currents can be used to make electricity. 4 While technology makes this possible for four 4.__________ even six billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. 5 Traditionally, work determines our way of life. But if 98 percent of us don’t need to work, what are we going to do with oneself? 6 A break in their employment, or a decision to work part-time, will slow its raises and promotions as it would for men. 7 The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff their way 7.__________ 5.__________ 6.__________

to smoke, cancerous death. 8 There are many such differences and we shall take up only that involving language, omitting those that do not. 8.__________ 9 A wise and experienced administrator will assign a job to whomever is best qualified. 9.__________ 10 unconsciously, we copy these we are close to or 10.__________ love or admire. • 答案解析： 1.Before→After。根据前文含义，可知妇女是在经过了长期而艰苦的斗争之后方才获得了和男性同样的教育机会。因此此处应该改为After。 2.different→same。理由同上。 3.down→up。前文已说人们赚钱越来越多，因此此处应该是收入增加而不是减少。 4.Nevertheless→Therefore/Consequently。由上下文可至此处应该为因果关系而不是转折关系，即正因为人们的薪水增长了，对于食物与衣物的需求减少，而对医疗服务、旅游以及教育的需要增加了，所以在这些服务行业可以找到更多的工作机会。

5.them→it。本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识，此处them错指a knowledge of several languages，然而knowledge是主语的中心词，所以要把them改为it。 6.present→absent。根据常识可知，该句应该是“如果他因为生病而缺席，当他回来时通常就会失去工作”，present不符合逻辑。 7.删去if。该句中的if是误用，even if后面接从句，而该句后面只有their bodies，是半句话，意思为“即使他们的身体”，不符合语法逻辑规则，故应该把if删除，即even their bodies，意为“就连他们的身体”这样才可以与前边的短语构成符合主语表示他们的生活方式和身体状态都得以发生巨变。 8.harmful→harmless。从上文的承接和语义关系看，该段所表达的意思是：科学是无害的，但是一但它能提供技术的时候，那就不一定无害了。因此应该使用harmless。 9.when→after。when表示“当……时”，after表示“……之后”。本句中ten thousand years ago指距今一万多年前，是在长期的原始狩猎时期之后，故应把when改为介词after。 10.planet→planets。从逻辑上来讲，人类探索其他星体，不止一个两个，除了移民约球外，兴许还有水星木星等，故应将other后的可数名词变成复数形式，而the other后的可数名词则不为复数形式。 1.among→between。among指两个以上的人或物体之间的关系，between则专指两个人或者物体之间的关系，而文中指两者关系的摩擦，故应该使用between。 2.with→as。“as the result of … ”意为“作为……的结果”，在剧中表明“传统小家庭是社会

压力从封建社会向工业社会过渡的过程中形成的”。“with the result of … ”无此用法。 3.that→of。“because that”后面必须接从句，而文中后面所接为名词短语，因此应该使用“because of”，它同样表示原因，但时候却直接接名词短语。 4.by→on。“played by”表示“由……表演或演奏”，文中所表达意思是在乐器上演奏，故此时应该使用介词on。 5.at→in。当表示在某个世纪时，century前的介词应该为in而不是at。 6.him→himself。这里误将人称代词宾格代替了反身代词使用，从而引起句子歧义或者意义含糊不清，改为himself之后则和主语Gram正好对应。 7.to→over。表示“对……优势”使用短语“advantage over sth.”的形式。 8.删去of。“despite”有两种用法：一种是后面直接接名词作为宾语，另外一种是接从句，结构为“despite that…”。根据文中情况，应该为第一种，故将of删掉。 9.删去of。“aware”与“despite”相似，也有两种用法，既可以在后面加介词of，然后接名词作宾语，也可以直接接从句。文中情况为第二种，故将of删去。 10.are后面加of。介词of后面接名词或者名词短语是一种特定用法，表示前面事物的性质特点和意义。原文意为：我们都认为他很适合这个职位。若不加介词，则原文语句不通。 1.it→they。句中“it”所指代的是前面的“other races”，故必须对应用复数形式they。

2.he→you。这里必须特别注意，在这种祈使句中，一般使用第二人称代词you。 3.their→its。由于“their”所指代的是前面的“sea water”，因此必须使用单数形式its，并且根据文意此处应该为所有格，相当于“sea water’s”。 4.this→it。根据句意可知该处“this”作为形式宾语指代“for four or even six billion of us to exist”，然而this不能作为形式宾语。 5.oneself→ourselves。为保持和前面人称“98 percent of us”以及“we”在数方面的一致性，必须将oneself改为ourselves。 6.its→their。根据前文中“their”以及后文中“men”可知此处的“raises and promotions”是指“women’s raises and promotions”，故必须使用复数形式的所有格their。 7.their→its。由于此处指代对象为population，而population是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故将their改为its。 8.that→those。根据句意此处“that”指代对象为“differences”，所以必须使用复数形式的所有格those，以保持数上的一致性。 9.whomever→whoever。因为whomever为宾格形式，不能作为“is best qualified”的主语，所以必须使用主格形式的whoever。 10.these→those。these和this均可表示确指，that和those均可表示不定指。 • 四、非谓语动词使用错误

非谓语动词在六级综合改错里算是一个较为令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词和主要谓语动词之间的混淆，具体分为以下两种情况： ① 分词，主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用，如： a puzzled question → a puzzling question ； an exciting girl → an excited girl 等。 ② 动词非谓语形式做主语、宾语，有时需要 it 作形式主语或形式宾语。如： This is no good arguing with him.(This → it ) 例1 The idea that learn a foreign language is hard 1.__________ work is realized by every student. 分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。 例2 From these unearthed bones scientists are able to reconstruct the skeleton of the animal and from the reconstructing skeleton, they can obtain quite 1.__________

a good idea of its appearance. “reconstructing”表示正在进行的动作，而根据原句可知，“skeleton”本身并不能发出这个动作，而应该为“reconstructed”，意为“the skeleton that is reconstructed”，这是过去分词作为定语。 例3 Lighthouses are set up to warn the passed ships 1.__________ of the dangers along the coast. Ancient people used simple fire signal which could only mean “Danger! Keep off”. “passed ships”表示“已经过去的船只”，当然不可能再给予警告，这不符合逻辑，应该改为passing，意为“过往的船只”，此处现在分词作定语。 例4 But modern lighthouse also identifies itself in a code knowing to all ships that pass by. Most of the 1.__________ modern lighthouses have a revolving light that is

red and then green. 根据句意可知，这些代码所有的船只都知道，即“a code which is known to all ships”的省略形式，“knowing”表示“正在知道，了解”这个动作过程，显然不符合题意，故应该将knowing改为known。 非谓语动词的使用错误虽然不外乎不定式、分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）以及动名词三种类型，然而使用起来往往容易混淆，而且也不易区分，所以得分率通常都较低。 练习题 1 Judging by today’s standards the techniques applied 1.__________ to the construction of these ancient palaces are highly advanced. 2 TV has become an essential part of our daily life, keeping us informed of the news of the day. Comparing 2.__________ with other media of information and education, TV is almost unrivalled. 3 The characters being described in this TV play are 3.__________

very true to life, which may be the reason why it touched a nation of audience. 4 There are a great many places of interest in this city. But the major attraction is a recently built hotel which resembles a sailing ship when seeing from a distance. No travelers leave the city without visiting it. 5 The building built now at our school is the new library. 6 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light to see far away, but if it is too high, it has more possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it is not always true to say that the higher it is the better. 5.__________ 6.__________ 4.__________

7 Consider the great need for improving many 7.__________ aspects of the global environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources that are poured into the space exploration efforts. 8 The small college, however, generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations, but offers a better student-faculty radio, thus permit individualized attention to students. 9 The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or designing cities is culturally influenced. 10 But the fourth robber put him quite beside himself by approaching him and asked what the dog 10.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________

cost him. 答案解析： 1.本题中应该将Judging改为Judged。该句主语为“the techniques”，其本身不能做出“judging”，而只能是“be judged”，原句的结构实际上是“when it is judged by today’s standards”的省略模式，所以应该将Judging改为Judged。注意首字母要大写。 2.本题中应该将comparing改为compared。“comparing”表示主语所发出的动作，与其他事物进行比较，而根据句意，是将TV与其他媒体进行，所以应该是被动语态，完整结构是“when it is compared with other media of…”。 3.本题中应该将being删去。“being+过去分词”表示正在进行的状态，而句子中没有指出是正在发生的动作，而是过去发生的事情（根据后面的动词touched可判断出是过去时），所以应该将being去掉。 4.本题中应该将seeing改为seen。原句的意思是“宾馆从远处看象一只航行中的船”，其完整结构是“…when it is seen from a distance”，船本身并不能发生“seeing”动作，只能是被动语态，故用seen。 5.本题中应该在building前加being。此句中有时间副词now，说明是正在进行的动作，故必须在前面加上现在分词being。 6.本题中应该将see改为be seen。根据句意，“灯塔必须足够高，以使其灯光可以从远处看见”，完整的结构是“…to be seen by ships far away”。

7.本题中应该将consider改为considering。在此句中，前部分“Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment，”实为条件状语，完整结构为“If one consider… environment，”，其省略形式为将其谓语动词变为现在分词形式。 8.本题中应该将permit改为permitting。“thus”不是连词而是副词，表示前面事物所造成的结果，后面一般接现在分词，作状语成分。 9.本题中应该将designing改为design。此句中design承接前面不定式结构，省略介词to，实际上为“to build homes or to design cities”。 10.本题中应该将asked改为asking。此句中ask动作与approach并列，承接前面介词by，表示“通过……途径来实现”，故应该和前面保持一致，使用现在分词形式。 • 五、主谓语前后不一致 主谓语前后不一致错误是CET6综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆或者谓语动词和主语在人称以及数上不能保持一致性。 主谓语前后不一致错误的主要类型有三种：一是句子的主语往往被一个或者几个复杂的修饰成分隔得很远；二是定语从句中的谓语动词和前面的先行词未在数上保持一致；三是按照语法规定，有些代词或表达时所跟的谓语动词必须使用单数或者复数形式，而这些错误恰恰就是违反了这些规则，譬如，either和neither作主语时，谓语必须用单数，many a + 可数名词时，其谓语也应该用单数形式，另外还有些情况如有时某些名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，例如many，several，a number of，a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式.

例 1 The president of the company, together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose 1.__________ of solving financial problems. 在此句中，主语的主词实际上为单数名词“ president ”，介词短语“ together with the workers ”与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单词 is ，从而与前文保持一致。 例 2 There are many stories about this temple, but behind it lies two myths. 1.__________ 该句后半部分实际上是一个倒装句，正常顺序为“ two myths lie behind it ”，谓语动词的形式应该与 myths 看齐，而非与介宾短语 it 一致，故应该把 lies 改为 lie 。 例 3 …perhaps; one in every seven deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the disease. 1.__________

该句的主语实际上为 one ，而非 crowed cities ，也不是 every seven deaths ，后面均为其修饰成分，故谓语动词应该改为 was 。此句的难点在于介词短语又多又长，容易干扰答题者的语法观念。 例 4 The class is listening to the teacher, taking notes. 1.__________ 该句中主语为“ the class ”， class 本身为单数，但是此时表示“构成班集体的全体学生成员”，实际上为复数，所以谓语动词应该使用复数形式与之对应，故应该将 is 改为 are ，类似的单词还有 audience ， family ， crew ， government ， pubic ， team 等。 练习题 1 Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially one containing so many diversified subcultures as the UnitedState, are a complex, bewildering task. 1.__________ 2 The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform is the customs of child 2.__________

upbringing. 3 Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parent’s capabilities and their aims and depend notonly on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. 4 Among the animals that wandered through the world of long ago are some which has now entirely died out; but sometimes the bones of an ancient animal that are dug out in the earth excite the enquiring scientists. 5 “ Generation gap ” used to be a fashionable topic among people. This so-called gap was actually 3.__________ 4.__________

nothing but a difference in the attitudes of the old and young. Old people complained that the young was so ignorant of the past and had gone too far 5.__________ from the traditions, while young people protested that they never had to follow the path their parents once took. 6 The latter was no less justified in their protests than the former in their complaints. 7 The math exam we have just had is far more difficult than the one we had last month. Only the first few questions are easy, the rest is very difficult. 8 The small college, therefore, generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but 6.__________ 7.__________

offer a better student-faculty ratio, thus permitting 8.__________ individualized attention to students. 9 Fifty yuan a week for rent are not too expensive, 9.__________ however, I still can not afford it. 10 Three-fourths of the earth surface are covered by 10.__________ water. 答案解析： 1.本题中应该将are改为is。该句虽然较长，看似复杂，其实主语为动名词语“Understanding the cultural habits of another nation”，后面为其修饰成分，所以谓语必须使用单数形式。这是典型的主谓不一致错误，其实根据后面“a complex, bewildering task”也可判断出谓语动词为单数。 2.本题中应该将is改为are。该句中主语成分为“the customs of child upbringing”，为倒装句，表语前置，正常语序为“the more uniform the customs of child of upbringing are”，故谓语动词应该使用复数形式。 3.本题中应该将depend改为depends。该句中主语成分为前文中的“Early upbringing”，“depends”和前面的“is”为并列结构，故应该使用单数形式。

4.本题中应该将has改为have。该句中定语从句引导词which指代some，即some animals，故该处从句中谓语动词应该使用复数形式。 5.本题中应该将was改为were。形容词前面加上定冠词the指某一类事物或者人，一般被看成复数概念。句中“the young”指“年轻人”这个群体，故谓语动词应该使用复数形式。类似词组如：the disable(残疾人)，the educated(受过教育的人)，the homeless（无家可归的人）等。 6.本题中应该将was改为were。此句中根据后面物主代词their可知“the latter”指代前文中的复数名词，故此处谓语动词应该使用复数形式。 7.本题中应该将is改为are。根据前文中“the first few question”可知，“the rest”实际上是“the rest questions”的省略，故谓语动词应该使用复数形式。 8.本题中应该将offer改为offers。该句中，主语成分为“the small college”，offer和provide为并列短语，由连词but连接在一起，故应该使用单数形式。 9.本题中应该将are改为is。该句中“Fifty yuan”作为整体使用时，作为单数，故谓语动词应该为单数形式。 10.本题中应该将are改为is。该句中“three-fourths”后面所接名词为不可数名词，所以该谓语动词应该为单数形式。 • 本期特总结前两期。分别是4.非谓语动词使用错误 5.主谓语前后不一致错误2种错误类型，共10个错误。外加我们开始做2006年12月老六级的真题，希望对大家对改错的提高有帮助。 非谓语动词使用错误

1 Call on a friend five minutes later than the appointed 1.__________ time may cause him some unexpected trouble. More- over, habitual unpunctuality leads to indolence and even failure in life. 2 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not make it more difficult. 3 Don’t use words, expressions or phrases being known only to people with specific knowledge. 4 Doctor Roland says leprosy is no longer a disease that requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead, patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. This modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months, depend on the form of the disease. 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________

5 Guiding by a belief that computers would be 5.__________ valuable tools on every office desktop and in every home, Bill Gates began developing software for personal computers. 主谓语前后不一致 6 The child, being taken care of by its grandparents, are deaf and mute. 7 Standing in a line along the corridor is 3 groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition. 8 The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month. 9 There are no denying the facts and there 6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________

are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either. 10 What was announced on the radio have caused 10.__________ great excitement among the public. 2006 年 12 月老六级 The most important starting point for improving the under- standing of science is undoubtedly an adequate scientific education at school. Public attitudes towards science owe much the way sci- S1. _________ ence is taught in these institutions, Today, school is what most S2. _________ people come into contact with a formal instruction and explanation of science for the first time. At least in a systematic way, It is at this Point which the foundations are laid for an interest in science. S3. _________ What is taught (and how) in this first encounter will largely deter- minc an individual’s view of the subject in adult life. Understand-

ing the original of the negative attitudes towards science may help S4._________ us to modify them . Most education system neglect exploration, S5. _________ understanding and reflection, Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of facts, often by more detail than necessa- S6. _________ ry, As a result, children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas or the periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards. S7. _________ The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient, Such a purely empirical S8._________ approach, which consists of observation and description, is also, in a sense, unscientific or incomplete. There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep under- S9. _________ standing of science in an enjoyable way, Science should not only be “fun” in the same way as playing a video game, but “hard

fun” a deep feeling of connection made possibly only by imagi- S10. ________ native engagement. 答案解析： 1. Call→Calling/To call。本句主语是一个动词短语，但是动词短语做主语时，其中的动词只能用作动名词或不定式的形式，因而把Call改成Calling或To call。 2. not∧，to。该句中后半部分实际上和“to make it easier”同为表语成分，结构相同，为和前面保持一致，此处也应该使用不定式结构。 3. 删去being。只有当句中出现表示现在的时间状语时，才会用现在分词的被动式来做定于修饰名词，而原句中未出现表示现在时的时间状语成分，故应该将being删去。 4. depend→depending。英语里，一个句子不能在没有任何连接手段的情况下，同时使用两个并列的谓语动词，所以错在depend，应改为现在分词depending形式。 5. Guiding→Guided。该句中，过去分词做原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Because he was guided，意为“因为受……引导”。 6. are→is。该句中，主语成分为“The child”，所以谓语应该使用单数形式。 7. is→are。该句为一个倒装句，真正的主语成分是“3 groups of young pioneers”，故谓语动词应该使用复数形式。

8. were→was。该句中，定语从句引导词“that”指代前文中的“The book”故该从句中的谓语应该为单数形式。 9. are→is。在“there + be +doing”结构中，谓语动词使用单数形式。 10. have→has。名词性从句做主语谓语动词一般做单数对待。 S1.在much和the way间插入to S2.what→where S3.which→that S4.original→origin S5.system→systems S6.by→in S7.it→them S8.efficient→inefficient S9.facilitates→facilitate S10.possibly→possible

• 六、名词的错误 一般来说名词错误是指误用了某个在形式上或意义上与正确的单词相似的单词，包括名词单复数的误用，可数名词和不可数名词的混淆，抽象名词和具体名词的混用以及词数的表达错误等类型，如 find a work → find a job ； woman doctors → women doctors ； these phenomenon → these phenomena 等。 例 1 Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses and 1.__________ trucks. 原文中讲述的是噪音污染， voices 是指人的声音或者比较抽象的声音，根据常识轿车公共汽车以及卡车发出的声音必然是噪音，所以此处的 voice 应该改为 noise 。 例 2 My dream was to find a piece of place, and build 1.__________ a house for one’s family. 此句中的 place 在此处为可数名词，不需要在前面加上 a piece of 便可直接跟在不定冠词 a 后面，而 land 为不可数名词，不能直接跟不定冠词，所以应该将 a piece of 改为 a place ，或

者直接将 place 改为 land 。根据改错原则，应该将 place 改为 land 。 例 3 Anyone understood the life and death importance 1.__________ of family cooperation and hard work. 此句中的 anyone 不太符合上下文语意场的要求，一般来说 anyone 使用于否定句或者疑问句型中，在肯定某一事实时，应该使用 everyone 取代 anyone 。 例 4 If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare as gold. It seems that the progresses of man includes 1.__________ a rising volume of noise. 此句中结构十分完整，然而通读整段文字可发现，这句话的主谓不一致。错在 progress 上， progress 作进步讲时是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故应将 progresses 改为 progress 。 练习题 1 I told her not to use the office phone for personal call. 1.__________

2 He left words with my mother that he would come to help me in the afternoon and kept his words. 2.__________ 3 Father went to his doctor for advices about his heart 3.__________ trouble. 4 Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside? There’s not enough rooms for you here. 4.__________ 5 If by chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a notice. 6 In order to buy a nice pair of shoes, he went to two shoes stores. 7 Sensitive people have been mirroring their friend and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without being aware of their 5.__________ 6.__________ 7.__________

methods. 8 But we must keep in head the billions of dollars 8.__________ we might spend in carrying out the project. 9 I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eyes, and a clerk who could not have been more 9.__________ than seventeen years old came forward. 10 In many shops the customer has to wait for someone to wait upon him. And when finally some clerks does design to notice you, you are made to 10.__________ fell as if you were interrupting him. 答案解析： 1.call→calls。因为call为可数名词。 2.第二个words→word。“keep one’s word”为固顶短语，意为“遵守诺言”。

3.advices→advice。因为advice不可数。 4.rooms→room。因为当room表示“空间”的意思时，room为不可数名词。 5.notice→note。根据语境，这里表达的是“留便条”，应该用“leave a note or message”，而notice的意思是“通知”，不符合题意要求。 6.shoes→shoe。当名词作定语表类别，一般用名词的单数形式。 7.friend→friends。 8.head→mind。“keep sth. In mind”为固定搭配，表示“记住，牢记”的意思。 9.eyes→eye。“catch one’s eye”是固定短语，表示“引起某人注意”的意思。 10.clerks→clerk。此句中，由后面的him可知“some clerk”并不是指“一些店员”，而是不定指，表示某个“店员”的意思。 • 七、冠词的使用错误 真题： 04-12 S1 05-12 S1

06-6 S7 06-12-23 冠词是英语限定词中最主要的一种，有且仅有两种形式：不定冠词 a （或者 an ）和定冠词 the 。但是冠词又是英语中最为常用的词类，而且由于汉语中没有与之对应的词类，所以考生对冠词的用法的掌握尤感困难。冠词的使用错误一般包括如下情况： 1. 该用冠词时漏用，如 all of sudden → all of a sudden ， tell truth → tell the truth ； 2. 不该用冠词时赘用，如 in the contrast → in contrast ， give a rise to → give rise to ； keep a pace with → keep pace with ； 3. the 与 a/an 误用，如 on a whole → on the whole ； 4. a 与 an 混用，如 a “ s ” sign → an “ s ” sign ， to a extent → to an extent ， a honor → an honor 。 例 1 We were very much surprised that the village

was such long way from the main road. 1.__________ 在“ such+a(an)+ 形容词 + 名词”结构中，定冠词不能省略，所以应该在 such 后加上不定冠词 a 。 例 2 “I considered it a honor to be invited to address 1.__________ the meeting of world-famous scientists,” said professor Johnson. “ honor ”虽然首字母为 h ，却是一个以元音开头的单词，显然应该使用不定冠词 an ，这类题一般出现频率较少，却也容易犯错，在改错题应该格外注意，不容出错。 例 3 The nude human body at the rest must begin to 1.__________ combat a lowering of body temperature when the air temperature stands at approximately 31.0℃． “ at rest ”为习惯用语，表示“处于休息状态”的意思，中间不用任何冠词，故应该将 the 删去。

例 4 Geologists have been studying volcanoes for a long time. Though they have learned great deal, they still 1.__________ have not discovered the causes of volcanic action. “ a great deal ”表示“大量的，许多的”的意思，后面接不可数名词，此为习惯用法，前面不定冠词 a 不能省略。 练习题 1 They know that the inside of the earth is very hot, but they are not sure what causes the great heat. Some scientists now believe that much of heat 1.__________ inside the earth is provided by the radioactive elements. 2 Communications satellites have made it possible for an entire world be closer than ever before. 2.__________

3 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light to be seen far away, but if it is too high, it has more possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it is always true to say that the higher it is better. 3.__________ 4 Scientists have suggested that supersonic aircraft may disturb the upper atmosphere to such extent that dangerous radiation from the 4.__________ sun might reach the earth. 5 Nowadays, higher education does not make as much difference to the jobs women take as it does in case of men. 6 More than 90 percent of cigarette smoke is made up of about dozen hazardous gases, 6.__________ 5.__________

carbon monoxide being the most important. 7 Primates are also known for their great intelligence, related in a part to their great 7.__________ awareness of the environment plus the ability to manipulate this environment 8 This tendency of technology to make workers superfluous but at same time allowing 8.__________ their numbers to grow so large is deceasing psychological tensions. 9 Most of the dollar differences stem from fact that women tend to be more recently employed and have fewer years on the job. 10 This island is to south of North Korea. 10.__________ 9.__________

答案解析： 1. heat前加the。因为前面已经出现过了heat，所以此处为特指。 2. an→the。“the entire world”为习惯用法，表示“全世界，整个世界”，因为世界是独一无二的，所以不能使用不定冠词，必须改为定冠词。 3. better前加the。 4. such前加an。 5. case前加the。“in case of”表示“万一”的意思，显然不符合原句意思，应该改为“in the case of”意为“在……情况下”。 6. dozen前加a。 7. a删去。“in part”表示“部分”的意思，中间不需要任何冠词。 8. at和same之间加the。 9. from和fact之间加the。“fact”后面接同位语从句，所以此处定指。 10. to后面加the。 • 名词的使用错误

1 Fly spread diseases. So we should think of ways to 1.__________ get rid of them. 2 That is where the main difference between animals and human being lies. 2.__________ 3 Please read the instruction carefully before using the medicine. 4 The evening meal for Americans is usually long and a time for family to gather together. 5 Carry your valuable with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on. 6 Some plant produce irritating poisons that can affect 6.__________ a person even if he or she merely brushes against them. 7 Social scientists tell us that cultures differ from one 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

another, and that each culture is unique. As cultures are diverse, so language are diverse. 7.__________ 8 Culture consists of not only such material things as cities, organizations and schools, but also non-material things such as ideas, customs, family patterns and languages. Putting it simple, language refers to the entire way of life of a society. 9 It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise. 10 This has not only altered for periods of time their Role of maintaining the household and children, but also influenced the dominant female role as 10.__________ bread winner. 8.__________ 9.__________

冠词的使用错误 1 The old naturalist was devoted to bringing out the secret of the nature all his life. 1.__________ 2 I had decided to give it up, but on the second thoughts, I decided to try a third time. 3 The news is spreading from mouth to mouth and has become the talk of town. 4 Do you think it is all right to buy him that DVD player as the birthday gift. 5 Helen has tired twice, and she is asked to have the third 5.__________ try. 6 By year 2000, experts believe that most farmers will 6.__________ get more help from the government. 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________

7 Educational TV stations offer teaching in various subjects ranged from home nursing to art appreciation. In medical schools, students, with aid of TV, can 7.__________ operate in different classrooms. 8 There is a old saying, ”People who live in glass houses 8.__________ shouldn’t throw stones”, meaning that such people would have stones thrown back at them and their houses would quickly be broken to pieces. 9 What do you think of when you see or hear a word 9.__________ “glass”? Most of us probably think first of a substance that is easily broken. 10 Luckily he is not alone in this battle. There is great 10.__________ deal of work bacteria to do as well.

答案解析： 1. Fly→Flies。当“fly”表示苍蝇时，是可数名词。 2. being→beings。“human being”表示“人类”的意思时是可数名词。 3. instruction→instructions。“instruction”作“产品的说明”时，要用复数形式。 4. family→families。在原句中，此处指美国家庭的总体情况，故应用名词的复数形式。 5. valuable→valuables。此处valuable作名词使用，在句中表示“贵重物品”的意思，应用复数形式。 6. plant→plants。 7. language→languages。 8. language→culture。根据上文可知，文章中没有谈到语言，所涉及的全是文化方面的内容，所以此处应该是指文化才对。 9. progresses→progress。在该句中，“progress”作为不可数名词使用，表示“进步，进展”的意思。 10. female→male。根据上文可知，男人才是养家糊口的人，所以此处应该是male。 1. 删除nature前的定冠词the。当“nature”作“大自然”的意思讲时，是整体概念，前面一

般不用冠词。 2. 删去定冠词the。“on second thoughts”为固顶用法，意为“又一想”，中间不加定冠词。 3. town前加the。 4. the→a。DVD作为礼物，显然是多种选择中的一种，故前面用不定冠词a。 5. the→a。该句中，名词前面加上不定冠词表示“又、在”的意思。 6. year前加the。当明确指出某一年时，必须用定冠词，表示“到……年为止”的意思。 7. aid前加the。 8. a→an。 9. a→the。该句明确指出单词是“glass”，是确指，因此应该使用定冠词。 10. great前加a。“a great deal of”是固定搭配，表示“大量的”。 • 八、词性的使用错误 词性错误是最容易犯的错误之一，通常而言，对单词记忆不够全面以及受到汉语的影响等都会造成此类错误的产生。词性的使用错误是指文章中单词的词性用错，主要表现在名词形容词副词以及动词的使用错误上，如把名词错当成动词使用，或者把形容词错当成名词或者该用副词的地方错用了形容词等情况，归纳起来主要涉及三种类型：

1. 名词与动词的错误使用 ，如： approval — approve ， sale — sell ； 2. 名词与形容词的误用 ，如： medicine — medical/medicinal ， emotion — emotional ； 3. 形容词与副词的误用 ，如： high — highly ， mere — merely 等。 这类错误还常出现在 be 以外的系动词后，如： feel badly — feel bad ， grow uneasily — grow uneasy 。 例1 Ideally, of course, the expression of editorial opinion should be limited on the editorial page and the news articles should be objective — telling the fact as complete as possible. 1.__________ 该句中complete为形容词，而在该句中它前面所接词为动词tell，必须改为副词形式， 故应该将complete改为completely。 例2

It is a social prejudice that the work of street cleaners is thought to be dirty and shame by 1.__________ most people. 根据上下可知该句中的系动词be后面必须接形容词，且与前面的dirty并列关系，所以应该将名词shame改为 shameful。 例3 It is true that their work may be dirty, but not necessary shameful. What would our streets 1.__________ be like if nobody cleared away the rubbish? 该句中shameful为形容词，前面必须使用副词修饰，故应该将necessary改为necessarily。 例4 Used wise, science may increase our energy and 1.__________ food supply, improve our health, expand our joy

and extend our lives. 该句的完整结构是“if it is used wisely, science may… ”，“wisely”修饰过去分词“used”，表示“使用得当”的意思。所以应该将形容词wise改为副词形式的wisely。 练习题 1 Computers have been designed to store information and compute complex problems. Some computers are so high advanced that they even can talk with operators. 1.__________ 2 The doctor said that I only had to wait for a relative 2.__________ short time before he could have an interview with me. 3 You must make sure that your speech is clear and easily to follow. Use examples, charts, and pictures if they will help you explain your points clearly. You should treat your audience with respect. 4 The myth of the country as a Garden of Eden, 3.__________

a few generations late, sends them flooding out again 4.__________ to the suburbs. 5 In the wild, tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feet in high. 5.__________ 6 Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than 6.__________ common ovens. 7 We are not necessary capable of doing such an 7.__________ exacting job. 8 There may be sound medicine reasons for accepting electrical shock treatment, but such reasons are totally dependent on the balance of risks and benefits for the patients. 9 Living is risky. Crossing the road, driving a car, flying, 8.__________

swallowing an aspirin tablet or eating a chicken sandwich — they can all be fatal. Clearly some risks worth taking, 9.__________ especially when the rewards are high. 10 Punctuality is a good habit, and unpunctuality is a bad one. A few minutes delay may not be a serious matter. 10.__________ 答案解析： 1. high→highly。 2. relative→relatively。 3. easily→easy。在该句中easy紧跟在系动词be之后，与clear并列，即“your speech is clear and easy to follow”。 4. late→later。 5. high→height。“in height”表示“在高度上”的意思，为固定搭配，没有in high的表达法。 6. costlier→costly。costly是形容词，意思是昂贵的，它的比较级是more costly，costlier是错误形式。

7. necessary→necessarily。 8. medicine→medical。 9. worth前加are。本句有一个由“when”引导的时间状语从句，主句“Clearly some risks worth taking”缺少谓语动词，因为worth是形容词，一般于“be worth doing”。 10. minutes→minutes’。本句中minutes是名词，不能直接修饰后面的名词delay，应该用名词所有格形式。 • 九、句子结构的错误 在英语中按句型来说可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种，从结构上来说又可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。句子的结构错误是构成句子完整结构的某一成分用错或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的错误类型。 由于英语语法和汉语语法特点在结构上表现得十分明显，主、谓、宾结构在数、格、人称上的一致、连接手段的正确使用以及词序安排等，都与汉语有着相当大的差异，因此在改错中也是一大难点。 句子结构错误类型包括：句子类型使用错误、句子成分短缺、平行结构错误以及词组搭配使用错误。 例 1 Computer analyzed marketing reports can help

deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ 本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 例 2 When we consider the comfortable circumstances of a working family today, the life of the workingman in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had been ever hard. 1.__________ 根据上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句显然是将 1882 年以前的生活与 1882 年时的生活作比较，所以此处 hard 应该改为 harder 。 例 3 At the beginning of the nineteenth century working

hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________ 在该句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三个小分句为并列结构关系，因此必须保持成分和结构上的一致性，故应该将 being 改为 were 。 例 4 However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________ manners. “ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“与其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思；没有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故应该将 as 改为 than 。 练习题 1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the student four years of structural living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________

2 In making his choice among educational institutions the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors. Going to school is part of the socialization process, and so going to the movies. 3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the eastern horizon. But somehow after breakfast it hid itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was apparent. 4 But luckily, no sooner had we entered the car when it suddenly began to rain. 5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________ among the 40 people there are only two women. 6 Women members are so less than members that we 6.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________

again think of the outdated prejudice that women are inferior in intelligence. 7 The best way to avoid using dictionaries when you are reading English books is to try to remember many words as you can. 8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen on my way to work. 9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his wallet which contained ＄ 1,000 in it. 10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel undersea, and special underwater ships will be designed for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 答案解析： 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

1.preparing→prepare。属于平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词，但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词（注：同行中的living是in which中which的先行词，故一定是名词，而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰），故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致，这里也有考生将preparing改为prepares，用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物动词，它的宾语是“the real world”，必须与prepare for共享。 2.so后面加is。该句是一个并列句，第一个分词结构是完整的，主语由动名词“going to school”担当，第二个分词表语部分与前面相同。为避免重复，而使用代词so，但是谓语不能省略，必须加上is才是完整的结构。 3.but→and。 4.when→than。“no sooner…than…”和“hardly…when…”是固顶结构，相互之间不能交换使用。 5.that→what。该句结构比较复杂，前面整个句子作为主语，但是that不能作为主语从句的主语成分，因此改成what。 6.less→fewer。 7.many前加as。 8.when→that。因为该句是一个强调句，所强调成分的代词除了在所强调成分为“人”时使用who或者that的情况外，一律使用that。

9.where→that。 10.删除to。 • 本期特总结前两期，分别是8.词性使用错误9.句子结构的错误2种错误类型，共20个错误。 词性使用错误 1 In every case, the influential person may unconsciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortably in its presence. 1.__________ 2 Even the careful protected wildness areas can be invaded 2.__________ at any moment by a passing jet. 3 In every nation, there is a vast class of people who are cowardice, and more or less stupid. 3.__________ 4 So complete absorbed was she in watching the cloud 4.__________ to which her strange song seemed addressed, that she did not observe me when I rose and went towards her.

5 Many women, for example, have committed their lives to teaching careers, yet relative few have become 5.__________ principals or headmasters. 6 The university exposes its students to many different culture, social and out-of-class programs. 7 Confucius at last found him. He proved to be a teacher of rare enthusiastic and skill. 8 Emotive language can be used whether or not we are lonely. 9 But Swiss discovered long ago that constantly warfare 9.__________ brought them something but suffering and poverty. 10 If you were a Catholic in a Protestant country, or a Protestant in another kind of Protestant country, you 6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________

were often make very uncomfortably. 10.__________ 句子结构的错误 1 Black Smith, the man servant, was ordered to be a l ot of housework. He mopped the floor, cleaned the windows, and other odd jobs. 2 The value of a course depends as much on its inherent interests as the practical use you can put it to. 2.__________ 3 I am told that your roommate is difficult to get along with, but my roommate is generous, considerate, and is easy to get along with. 4 Workers hurrying to their offices or factories, children go to school, people going out to buy things, all uses 4.__________ buses. 3.__________ 1.__________

5 In more technologically developed societies, the period of child and adolescence tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunities for education and a great variety in character development. 5.__________ 6 Man has spent most of his resources exploring the outer space, plumbing the depths of the ocean, and probe into himself. 7 However a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. 7.__________ 8 At the beginning of the nineteenth century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 9 In the past the pen did all the work, for all writing 6.__________ 8.__________

intended to last for any length of time valid only if 9.__________ written with pen and ink. 10 Since it was the first time for the Europeans to set foot on this large continent, they called the New 10.__________ World, while Europe and the rest became known as the Old World. 答案解析： 1. comfortably→comfortable。 2. careful→carefully。“protected”是过去分词作为形容词性动词，前面应该使用副词修饰。 3. cowardice→cowardly。“cowardice”是名词，表示“怯懦”。 4. complete→completely。“be absorbed in sth.”表示“全神贯注”的意思，该结构中“absorbed”是形容词，所以前面应该用副词修饰。 5. relative→relatively。在该句中，“relative”并不是作为形容词修饰后半句主语名词few，而是作为整个句子的状语，表示“相对而言的”。

6. culture→cultural。 7. enthusiastic→enthusiasm。“enthusiasm”是名词。 8. lonely→alone。 9. constantly→constant。“constantly”是副词，表示“经常的”。 10. uncomfortably→uncomfortable。当make后面接某人时，后面一般接形容词作为宾语补主语。 1. and后加did。该句中虽然三部分是并列结构，但是所使用动词都不同，因此odd jobs也应该使用动词，而通常表示“干工作”使用动词do，又因原句中时态为过去时，故用did。 2. as后加on。这样“on the practical use you can put it to” 与前面的“on its inherent interests”保持对称，共同接在动词depend后面。 3. 删去is。 4. go→going。 5. great→greater。 6. probe→probing。 7. as→than。

8. being→were。 9. time后加was。 10. called后加it。 十、时态语态和语气的使用错误 1. 时态错误。 主要是指在一个句子中，出现不同的时态，从而造成时态不一致，如： He can’t remember what he once knows. 2. 语态错误。 在 cet6 综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。不及物动词不能带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account. 3. 虚拟语态错误。 此类使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主语和从句的语气不协调，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词 suggest 之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“ is ”应该 “ be ”或“ should be ”。类似的动词还有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。 例 1 These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________

together to hold parties. 由于前面的时态已经为过去时，而且 came 和 meet 是并列结构，两者时态应该保持一致，因此应该将 meet 改为 met ，或者将 came 改为 come ，具体情况依据上下文的语境时态而定。 例 2 Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ 本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 例 3 In the first place, the scientist at once put some kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________ securely obtained.

根据句子意思可知，此处的 liquid 不可能为动作的发生者，显然此处应该是被动语态，故应该将 has 改为 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已经安全获得的液体”。 例 4 Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________ the truth. 根据句子意思可知，这句话是说如果他们昨天去了就会发现事实，然而他们并未去，此处是虚拟语气，因此应该使用虚拟语气的格式，将 Did 改为 Had 。 练习题: 1. These small households were portraits of independence: the entire family, mother, father, children, even grandparents live in a small house and working together to support each other. 1.__________ 2. In the meantime the unscientific world awoke to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________

discovery. 3. For in 15, the year of the Curie marriage, Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________ named after him--- he forerunners of modern X-rays. 4. Mary hoped at one time to study at the University of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the secretary said that science was not a thing in which women can meddle. 5. Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________ jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation. 6. Many people who live in London think that life in 4.__________

a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________ 7. The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________ the last sixty years would have seemed impossible to even the most Brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century. 8. I regret having left the work unfinished, I should have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________ 9. No bank kept enough cash to pay all its depositors 9.__________ in full at one time. 10. The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________ over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians. 答案解析:

1. working→work。此句总体上讲述的是这些小家庭的掠影，而后半句解释到这些小家庭的成员生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，应该用一般现在时，和live保持一致。 2. are→were。 3. are→were。 4. allow前加be。“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允许作……”的意思。 5. offered前加be。“offer”是及物动词，后面应该接双宾语结构，即“offer sb. sth.”而在该句中缺少成分而只有宾语补主语，应该将其改为被动语态，即“be offered sth.” 6. offered→offers。 7. taken前加have。 8. plan→planned。 9. kept→keep。 10. carry→carrying。 • 十一、易混淆词的使用错误 英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似，如 assure/ensure ， rise/arise/raise ， effect/affect ，

value/evaluate，但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型，也是比较难的一种类型，这个需要考生在平时的学习过程中注意知识的积累，并多做些总结和归纳，从中找出一些规律。 例 1 His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 1.__________ 句中“ award ”是“颁发，授予（奖赏）”之义，而文中要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报”，应把 award 改成 reward 。 例 2 Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name of better health is a highly personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors 1.__________ alone. “ remain ”意为“保持，仍然”，是一个表示状态的动词，其用法和系动词“ be ”相似，后面所接成分一般是名词或形容词，作表语，而“ leave sth. to sb. ”意思是“把某物留给某人”。本句很明显是“ leave…to… ”的句型，所以应该把 remain 改为 leave 。 例 3

Of course the press means more than newspaper. A vast amount of magazines are published, aimed at readers 1.__________ interested in all sorts of subjects. 因为 amount 表示数量时只与不可数名词连用，而本句中后面所接名词为“ magazines ”，是复数名词，应该使用表示复数形式的 number ，故应该把 amount 改为 number 。 例 4 Today, flint has small importance as an industrial product. 1.__________ “ small ”用于表示人或物的体积尺寸，不能修饰抽象名词 importance ，因此应把 small 改为可以修饰不可数抽象名词的 little 。 练习题: 1 Industry officials predicted that mobile communications service will soon be comparative in many respects to the 1.__________ service provided by telephone that do not move. 2 In today’s society, “Smoking effects your health” has 2.__________

become a warning which is known to almost every house hold. 3 For his outstanding achievements in graduate teaching he is held in big esteem by his students and colleagues. 3.__________ 4 Supersonic craft may disturb the upper atmosphere to such an extent that dangerous radiation from the sun might reach the earth, with unimaginative effects on life there. 5 In the late nineteen century, farm work and life were not 5.__________ much changed from what they had been in the old days. 6 Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name o better health is a high personal 6.__________ matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. 7.__________ 7 Whenever the subject of smoking and health is risen, the governments of most countries hears no evil, see no evil 4.__________ 8.__________

and smell no evil. 8 If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible mean, and on every possible 9.__________ occasion. 9 The government of most countries spending huge sum of money for international defense. 10.__________ 答案解析： 1. comparative→comparable。当仅仅表达“比较的，比较性的”意思，而没有涉及到具体的比较时，应该用第一个词，但是当设计到具体的两者之间的比较时，则应该使用comparable。此句属于第二种情况。 2. effects→affects。“effect”当作为动词使用时，表示“产生，引起，实现”的意思，作为名词时才是“影响，效果”，显然不符合，应该使用affect，意思是“影响”。 3. big→high。 4. unimaginative→unimaginable。该句中所要表达的是“难以想象的”，而unimaginative是

“没有想像力的”意思，不符合句意。 5. nineteen→nineteenth。 6. high→highly。 7. remain→leave。 8. risen→raised。 9. mean→means。 10. international→national。表示“国防”的意思时应该使用national defense • 本期重点： 从句类型混淆，从句关系代词误用 考点例析： 例1：Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease that requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead, patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. S7._______ 解析：本句中take后面的部分应该是做take的宾语，that不能既做take的宾语又连接宾语从句，所以应该把that改为what.

例2：There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia is largely S5._______ inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem for some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have also discarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics are boys 解析：evidence后面是同谓语从句，解释说明evidence，所以应该将which改为that。 例3：Tobacco companies had encountered the reports, that purported 4.________ to show links between smoking and cancer and other serious diseases. 解析：这里是非限定性定语从句，又因为从句缺少主语，所以只能使用引导词which，故将that改为which。 例4：Which is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, 2._______ in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation（复原）. 解析：此处是主语从句，从句中缺主语，应该使用what，所以将Which改为What。 巩固与拓展 1.Some were treated as mentally deficient: many were left

functionally illiterate (文盲的)，unable to ever meet their potential. But in the last several years, there’s been a revolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia. _________ 2.It was in the Unite States which the great advances in nineteenth __________ -century agricultural machinery first came 3.He also found a school of technology what is now part of __________ Carngie-Mellon University. 4. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles which friendly conversation is considered entirely appropriate _________ and really quite normal behavior. 5. When there is a will, there is a way. __________ 综合训练 Punctuality(准时) means observing(遵守) regular or

appointed time. A man who gets up at seven o\"clock every morning is punctual. A man who has permitted to call on a friend at 1. _______ five o\"clock in the afternoon and actually does such at that hour 2. ______ is also punctual. Punctuality is a good habit, and unpunctuality is a bad one. A few minutes delay may not be a serious matter. 3. _______ But it may have bad results. Getting up five minutes later than usually may upset the plan of the day. 4. ____ Call on a friend five minutes later than the appointed time may 5. _______ cause him some unexpected trouble. Nevertheless, habitual 6._______ unpunctuality leads to indolence(懒惰) and even failure in life. One delay after another makes a man unable to exert himself. It also proves him be untrustworthy. 7._______

Those who are unpunctual should try their best to get rid from their bad habit. In doing this, they should avoid making 8. ______ any kind of exception. They should ever say to themselves:“A 9.______ few minutes’ delay does not matter this time. I shall never be unpunctual again.” Those who think in this way will find excuses for delay from time to time, and will at least give up the attempt cultivate the good habit of punctuality. 10. ______ Like all other good habits, punctuality becomes second nature with those who have duly cultivated it. • 参及解析： 巩固与拓展 1. that -> which 2. which -> that

本句是强调句型It is +被强调部分+that。。 3. what -> which / that 此处是定语从句，修饰先行词a school of technology，该从句缺少主语并且先行词是物所以引导词应该用which或者that。 4. which -> where或which前加in 定语从句缺少状语，从句先行词是地点，故关系代词使用where或in which。 5. When ->Where 有志者事竟成。 综合训练 1 permitted → promised permit作为动词，是“允许”的意思，常用于词组permit sb. to do sth.：允许某人做某事。根据上下文，此处应译为：“一个许诺下午五点钟拜访一位朋友，而事实上也做到了这一点的人是准时的”。这里所表达的意思是“许诺”，不是“允许”，应用promise,并且promise to do sth.是“许诺做某事”的意思，从语法上也符合。此句是易混词错误。 2 such → so

such和so的共同点在于两者都是代词，都是“这样”的意思。区别在于such不能单独代替某成份，而so可以代替前文所提及的事。如此句中does such a thing = does so,但是does such却不符合语法。本句属于代词误用错误。 3 minutes → minutes\" 本句中minutes是名词，不能直接修饰后面的名词delay，应该用名词所有格形式，改成minutes\"。这属于词性错误。 4 usually → usual usually是副词，意思是“通常地”。这里five minutes later than usual中的“… than usual”是固定搭配。usual的类似用法还有as usual(和平常一样)。这是固定搭配错误。 5 Call → Calling 本句主语是一个动词短语，但是动词短语做主语时，其中的动词只能用动名词或不定式的形式，因而把Call改成Calling。此句属于非谓语动词错误。 6 Nevertheless → Moreover Nevertheless作为连词，表示转折，意思是“然而，但是”。根据上下文理解，这里应是一个递进关系，不是转折关系。前一句是“迟到五分钟会给他带来预想不到的麻烦”，后一句说“经常不准时导致懒惰和失败”，因而是更进一步说明的递进关系，须把nevertheless改成moreover。这是连接词错误。

7 him ∧ be → to “prove sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意思是“证明某人做某事”。原句缺少不定式标志to。这属于固定搭配的错误。 8 from → of “get rid of”是固定搭配，意思是“摆脱”。用from是错误用法，应把它改成“of”。这属于固定搭配错误。 9 ever→ never 本句属于篇章理解方面的错误。根据上下文，此句应是否定句。上文说“他们应该避免有任何例外”，下文说“这样想的人总会为他们的迟到找借口”，因而此句作者要表达的意思是“他们不应该这样说……”，所以要把ever改成never。 10 cultivate前加 to cultivate意思是“培养”，这里做名词attempt的定语。“attempt （n.） to do sth.”意思是“做某事的尝试/努力”，应用不定式做后置定语。 转贴于：CET-6考试_考试大 • 真题演练 • Thomas Malthus published his \"Essay on the Principle

• of Population\" almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, • forecasters have being warning that worldwide famine was ____1____ • just around the next corner. The fast-growing population’s • demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their ____2____ • supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation. • But in reality, the world’s total grain harvest has risen • steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble _____3____ • spots like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of • good harvests, the world’s food crisis has remained just ____4____ • around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue • even as if the population doubles by the mid-21st century, ____5____ • although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for • politics, economic and environmental reasons. Optimists _____6____

• point to concrete examples of continued improvements • in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed, more _____7____ • fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more than • double corn and wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, _____8____ • rice experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few ____9____ • stems and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant • breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding • crop, but most researchers see their success to date as reason ____10____ • for hope. 参及解析： 1. being -> been 2. their -> its 此处物主代词指food，所以要用单数形式的所有格its。

3. relative -> relatively 修饰形容词（此处是过去分词形式）要用副词，所以要把relative改为relatively。 4. good -> bad / poor 从逻辑上说，应该是收成不好（bad / poor harvest）是带来粮食危机（food crisis） 的原因之一，所以应该把good改为poor或者bad。 5. as -> / 此处是表示“即使”的意思，所以应该去掉as，即even if。 6. politics -> political Politics是名词，修饰名词reasons要用形容词. 7. by -> for for instance“例如”是固定搭配。 8. double -> doubled have (more than) doubled 9. few -> fewer

And连接两个对称结构，此处均比较级：fewer stems and more seeds。 10. crop -> crops crop意为“庄稼，作物”时是可数名词，要用复数形式。 转贴于：CET-6考试_考试大 • 本期重点：主谓一致 当句子本身较长，主语与谓语之间有其他插入成分时，往往会出现主谓不一致的情况；另一情况就是如果主语不是通常的代词和名词，而是从句、非谓语动词短语或者是一些特殊的短语等，也会出现主谓不一致的问题. 考点例析： 例1：There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in ________ an enjoyable way. （2006 .12） 解析：这句话that引导的是一个定语从句，在找错误前首先要了解先行词究竟是哪个（teaching，resources and methods还是need？）。根据意思，应该是“教学资源和教学方法使得对科学的深刻了解变得更容易”，所以这个定语从句的先行词应该是resources and methods，of teaching只是作resources and methods的定语。先行词是复数，从句的谓语也应该用复数形式，所以将

facilitates改为facilitate。 例2：Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men rest on at least two factors. _________ （1996. 1） 解析：这个句子的主语是Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men，谓语是rest，单个从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，所以将rest改为rests。 例3：The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a promised _________ land and the myth of the country as a Garden of Eden. （2002 . 6） 解析：behind it lies two myths这个句子是倒装句，真正的主语是two myths，所以谓语动词lies改为lie。 例4：Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words lead to considerable difficulties. _________ 解析：这样的长句子首先要找出主谓部分。Any attempt是主语，to trace the development from the noises是attempt的定语，babies make to their first spoken words则是做定语从句修饰noises，那么这个句子的谓语就是lead了。主语any attempt是单数，所以谓语也要改成单数leads。

综合训练 The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth moon, around the time of the autumn equinox（秋分）. Many refer it simply as the \"Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon\". This day ___1____ is also considered a harvest festival because that fruits, vegetables and ___2____ grain have been harvested by this time and food is unabundant. With ___3____ delinquent accounts settled prior to the festival , it is a time for relax ___4___ and celebration. Together with the celebration there appears some ___5___ special customs in different parts. However, the custom of playing under the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, and it is not less ___6___ popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in, people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life or thinking of their relative and friends far from home. ____7___

The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and one and a half inches in thickness, resembles Western fruitcakes in taste ____8____ and consistency. But nowadays, there are hundreds varieties of moon cakes __9___ on sale a month before the arrival of Moon Festival. For generations, moon cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, mashed red beans, lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates（枣子）, wrapped in a pastry. Sometimes a cooked egg yolk can be found in the middle of the rich tasting dessert. People compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes ___10___ are served in the English holiday seasons . 参及解析: 1. refer后加to 固定搭配refer to…as…，意为“把…称作…”。 2. that -> /

Because表示原因后接从句时不需加that。 3. unabundant -> abundant 根据上文已经说了中秋节也被认为是丰收节，所以食物应该是很丰富的，故将unabundant改为abundant。 4. relax -> relaxation relax是动词，此处需要名词作for的宾语，所以将relax改成相应的名词relaxation。 5. appears -> appear 这句话是倒装句，真正的主语是后面的some special customs，所以谓语动词要用复数形式。6. and -> but 7. relative -> relatives 8. resembles -> resemble 这句话的主语是the round moon cakes，所以将谓语动词resembles改为resemble。 9. hundreds后加of 固定搭配hundreds of“成百上千的”。

10. cakes后加which或that 这句话出现了compare和are served两个谓语，根据句子的意思compare才是真正的谓语，而are served….则应该是修饰cakes的定语从句，又因为从句缺少主语，所以加上that或which。 • 考点巩固 本期练习重点：冠词，名词，代词 1.Most of the dollar differences stem from fact that women _____1_____ tend to be more frequently employed and have more years on the job. 2.Education has acquired a kind of snob value in modern time. ____2_____ We are no longer content to be honest craftamen, skilled at our work through year of patient practice. ______3_____ 3.Aristotle felt that this is self-evident pricinple that everything _____4_____ in the universe has their proper place. ____5___ 4.It is probably not a coincidence that most flocks begin

their migratory flights at the night _____6____ 5.The history of British anti-slavery can be devided into a number of phaes. The first of this stretched from 1787 to 1807 and was ____7____ directed against the slave trade. 6.With collections expanding, with the needs and funtions of museums changing, empty space has become very precious ____8____ commodity. 7.You may have noticed how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy these we are close to or love or admire. ____9___ 8. If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare as gold. It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising ___10___ volume of noise.

9. Noise pollution is the new side effect of our technological age. Day or night, the sound of the work fills the air. ____11___ 参及解析: 1. fact前加the 2. time -> times 固定用法in modern times“在现代”，times是“时代、时期’”的意思。3. year -> years 4.this -> it 这句是形式主语，只能用it。 5. their -> its 6. the -> / 或at -> during 7. this -> these 此处的代词指代前面的phases，所以改成these。

8. very前加a Commodity是可数名词单数，故在前面要加不定冠词a。 9. these -> those 这里的those相当于those (who) we are close to or love or admire. 10. progresses -> progress progress是不可数名词。 11. the work -> work work此处是泛指。 23

• 本期练习重点：介词短语、固定搭配 1．By a similar way, psychologists use human behavior as ____1_____ a clue to the workings of the mind 2．But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might ____2______

spend in carrying out the project 3．Voluntary action by landowners, by cooperation with ______3____ the park and the country, is helping to restrict small-lot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, and minimize any harmful impact in the environment. ___4______ 4．Regardless concerns over the selection process, however, ____5_____ it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise, or ____6______ as an elusive goal the writers seek. 5．Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of facts, often by more detail than necessary. As a result, ____7_____ . children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas or the periodic table, only to forget them shortly afterwards

6．The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flatly. For example, it is best if only one ____8_____ or two people go to buy the drinks. 7．Most training is concerned in technique, for musicians have _____9_____ to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballen dancer. 8. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words may make rise to considerable ____10_____ difficulties 参及解析: 1. By -> In “以….方式（方法）”应该用介词in与way搭配。 2．head -> mind 本题考查固定搭配keep in mind的用法，意思为“记住”。

3. by -> in; in -> on In cooperation with意为“合作”； 4. Regardless 后加of；or -> and Regardless of是介词短语，意为“不管…”； 与第二行的both对应，both…and…。 5. by -> in in detail意为“详尽，详细”。 6. flatly -> flat Fall flat是固定搭配，意为“达不到预期效果”。 7. in -> with 与concern相关的固定搭配有两个，be concerned about“关心，挂念”，be concerned with“参与，涉及”。而没有be concerned in这种用法。根据句意，应该使用后者。 8. make -> give give rise to意为“引起，造成”，是固定搭配。

解题技巧

首先快速浏览全文，把握话题和大意。然后细读要求改错的那行文字，看看每一个词是否有语义语法上的错误。如果本行或本句内找不出词汇语法上的错误，要特别注意一下上下文，看看是否有逻辑错误。做题时思路要开阔，考虑每类词汇可能出现的错误。特别注意以下一些常常设置的考点：

1） 对于本行内出现的形容词，考虑一下是否应为副词，或涉及形容词的词汇错误，如比较级最高级等，甚至反义词；副词亦如此。

2） 对于本行内出现的系动词，助动词，考虑单复数和时态问题。

3） 对于本行内出现的现在分词ing，考虑一下是否应为过去分词ed，反之亦然。

4） 对于本行内出现的介词，考虑是否能与动词，形容词，名词构成正确的搭配。

5） 对于本行内出现的连词，读一下上下文是否文意顺畅。

6） 对于本行内出现的代词，考虑一下应该是主格，宾格还是所有格，或考虑应用单数形式还是复数形式。

7） 如果每个词本句都找不出问题，看是否漏掉了词，如冠词、介词等