欧洲文化入门试题及答
案
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（0174）《欧洲文化入门》复习思考题
I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks. 1. Two major elements in European culture are ____. A. the Greek and Roman B. the Judaism and Christianity C. the Greco-Roman D. A and B 2. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ). A. The Odyssey B. The Iliad C. Prometheus Bound D. Persians 3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____. A. Aeschylus B. Aristophanes C. Euripides D. Sophocles
4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.
A. Euripides B. Aristophanes C. Sophocles D. Aeschylus
5. ____ was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory. A. Home B. Heracleitue C. Democritus D. Socrates 6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.
A. Dialogues B. The Apology C. The Republic D. Symposium
7. Dante called ____ “ the master of those who know”. A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes
8. Euclid is even now well-known for his ____. A. Elements B. Poetics C. Ethics D. Politics 9. ____ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists. A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de Milo C, Laocoon group D, Parthenon 10. Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ . A. Athens and Sparta B. Athens and Syracuse C. Athens and Persians D. Greeks and Persians
11. It is _____ who was the founder of scientific mathematics. A. Heracleitus B. Aristotle C. Socrates D. Pythagoras 12.Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of ____ in 27 B. C.. Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana 13. The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by _____. A. Lucretius B. Virgil C. Julius Caesar D. Cicero
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14. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, called ____.
A. Deuteronomy B. Exodus C. the Pentateuch D. Genesis 15. In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚). A. 169 B. C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 B.C. 16. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611.
A. The Septuagint B. The Vulgate C. Wycliff’s version D. Authorized version
17. ____ is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament. A. The Septuagint B. The Vulgate C. Wycliff’s version D. Authorized version
18. It is generally accepted that ____ and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English. A. the Bible B. the English Bible C. the New Testament D. the Old Testament
19. The Middle Ages is a period in which _____ , _____ and Gothic heritages merged. A. Greco-Roman, Christianity B. classical, Christian C. Greek, Roman D. classical, Hebrew
20. The centre of medieval life under feudalism was _____. A. knighthood B. the manor C. the Church D. polis
21. In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into ____ and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
A. Christianity B. the Roman Church C. the Roman Catholic Church D. the Western Catholic
22. _____ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology. A. Summa Theologica B. Summa Contra Gentiles C. Opus maius D. Beowulf
23. The Anglo-Saxon epic ____ originated from the collective effort of oral literature. A. Song of Roland B. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. C. Beowulf D. the Divine Comedy
24. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between ____. A. the 13th and 15th centuries B. the 14th and mid-17th century C. the 15th and 16th centuries D. the 14th and 16th centuries
25. ____ is the essence of the Renaissance.
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The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture Attempts to get rid of conservatism
The flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture Humanism
26. Fracesco Petrarch, the author of ____, is known as Father of Humanism. A. the Decameron B.Canzoniers C. David D. Sleeping Venus
27. After Reformation, _____ came into being. A. Christianity B. Calvinism C. Lutheranism D. Protestantism
28. Which was NOT true about Durer?
A, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcut C, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther 29. Father of modern astronomy is ____. A. Da Vinci B. Amerigo Vespucci C. Nicolaus Copernicus D. Marchiavelli 30. Vasari was best known for his entertaining biographies of _____. A. Fabrica B. Prince C. the Divine Comedy D. Lives of the Artists
31. _____’s theories have given rise to important developments of modern science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics. A. Galileo Galilei B. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz C. Sir Isaac Newton D. Johannes Kepler
32. In the first _____ , Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings. A. the Advancement of Learning B. the New Atlantis C. Essay Concerning human Understanding D. Treatise of Civil Government 33. Thomas Hobbes’s _____ is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature. A. Leviathan B. the Advancement of Learning
C. Essay Concerning human Understanding D. Treatise of Civil Government
34. The theme of _____ is the fall of men. A. New Method B. Treatise of Civil Government
C. Essay Concerning human Understanding D. Paradise Lost
35. _____ was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.
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A. Corneille B. Racine C. Molière D. Descartes
36. Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climax?
A. Rubens B. Bernini C. Borromini D. Caravaggio
37. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S.constitution ______ A. John Locke B. Rousseau C. Voltaire D. Montesquieu
38. In which of Diderot’s works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin ______
A. Philosophical Thoughts B. Rameau’s Nephew C. Elements of Physiology D. Encyclopedie
39. _____ , novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel. A. Walter Scott B. Henry Fielding C. Samuel Johnson D. Samuel Richardson 40. Which of the Lessing’s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German drama _____
A. Minna Von Barnhelm B. Laocoon C. Hamburgische Dramaturgie D. Nathan the Wise
41. In _____ , Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature. A. the Sorrow of Young Werther B. Faust C. Wilhelm Meister’s Travels D. Poetry and Truth
42. Among Schiller’s works, _____ was a play best known to the Chinese audience. A. The Robbers B. Wallenstein C. Cabal and Love D. Wilhelm Tell
43. Kant’s years of his philosophical studies are crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,_____ was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.
General History of Nature and Theory of the Heavens Critique of Practical Reason C. Critiquue of Judgement D. Critique of Pure Reason
44. It has been said that “ the world had waited centuries for _____ and he was only to remain here a moment”.
A. Beethoven B. Haydn C. Mozart D. Bach
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45. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel ______. A. Goethe B. Victor Hugo
C. Daniel Defoe D. Walter Scott
46. In 1798, _______, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.
A. Songs of Experience B. Lyrical Ballads C. Isles of Greece D. Ode to the West Wind
47. Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women’s freedom in love and marriage _____ A. George Sand B. Victor Hugo
C. Daniel Defoe D. Henry Fielding 48. ______ stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, ______ is generally recognized as his masterpiece.
A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our Time B. Pushkin, Luslan and Liudmila C. Pushkin, Boris Godunov D. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin
49. The publication of Mickiewicz’s _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature. A. Sonnets from the Crimea B. Konrad Wallenrod C. Ballads and Ramances D. Pan Tadeusz
50. Beethoven’s _____ is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller’s Ode to Joy.
A. Symphony No. 3 B. Symphony No. 5 C. Symphony No. 6 D. Symphony No. 9
51. _____ sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic. A. Berlioz B. Chopin C. Wagner D. Verdi
52. Based on _____ , Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism. the German classical philosophy B. the English classical political economy the Utopian Socialism D. the Manifesto of the Communist Party
53. Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of _____, so Marx discovered the law of development of _____.
the survival of the fittest, the communist party the natural selection, the scientific socialism organic nature, human history
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D. natural species, historical societies
54. In 1858 Darwin received a letter from _____, who, working independently, also came to the conclusion concerning the origin of the species by means of natural selection.
A. John Stevens Henslow B. Charles Lyell C. Thomas Huxley D. Alfred Russel Wallace
55. Zola defined the theory of _____ and illustrated it in his great work entitled _____.
naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts B. naturalism, Madame Bovary C. realism, the Human Comedy D. realism, the Charterhouse of Parma 56. ____ was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects. A. Nikolai Gogol B. Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev
C. Fyodor Dostoyevsky D. Count Leo Tolstoy 57. _____ holds an important position in his own country’s cultural history as an ethical philosopher and religious reformer. A. Nikolai Gogol B. Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev
C. Fyodor Dostoyevsky D. Count Leo Tolstoy
58. Among Ibsen’s masterpieces, _____ is a plea for the emancipation of women. A. Ghosts B. A Doll’s House C. the Wild Duck D. Hedda Gabler
59. Among Charles Dickens’s works, _____ has the most intricate, complicated plot. A. Oliver Twist B. Hard Times C. David Copperfield D. Bleak House
60. _____, George Eliot’s masterpiece, is regarded by some critics as the finest English novel of the 19th century. A. Middlemarch B. The Mill on the Floss C. Adam Bede D. Silas Marner
61. The term “ impressionism” was taken directly from the title of _____ Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).
A. Renoir’s B. Pissarro’s C. Manet’s D. Monet’s 62. _____ was particularly good at doing portraits of ballet dancers in opera houses. A. Renoir B. Degas C. Monet D. Pissarro 63. ______ reacted against impressionism by using color to suggest his own emoyion and temperament.
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A. Paul Cézanne B. Paul Gauguin C. Vincent van Gogh D. Auguste Rodin
64. In Freudian system, _____ is the container of the instrinctual urges. A. Id B. Ego C. Superego D. Oedipus Comlex 65. T.S. Eliot’s long poem _____ is his major contibution to English poetry. the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Four Quartets C. the Waste Land D. imagism
66. _____ by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. Dubliners C. Finnegans Wake D. Ulysses
67. The term “ Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of _____ play Look Back in Anger (1956). A. John Osborne’s B. Kingsley Amis’s C. Allen Ginsberg’s D. Jack Kerouac’s
68. _____ poem Howl, written in 1956, was regardedas an important development in American poetry. A. John Osborne’s B. Kingsley Amis’s C. Allen Ginsberg’s D. Jack Kerouac’s
69. _____ is known as the first “ cubist” novel: in his novels , one finds a precise, neutral description of things, registered with a camera’s eye. A. Samuel Beckett B. Nathalie Sarraute C. Jean-Paul Sartre D. Alain Robbe-Grillet
70. _____ masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was rememdered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama. A. Nathalie Sarraute’s B. Samuel Beckett’s
C. Jean-Paul Sartre’s D. Alain Robbe-Grillet’s
II． Match the names of Column A with the appropriate items of Column B. Column A Column B 1. Sophocles a. the founder of the inductive method
2. Democritus b. Don Giovanni
3. Virgil c. one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory 4. Thomas Aquinas d. a universal genius
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5. Da Vinci e. The Execution of the Third of May 6. John Calvin f. Eugene Onegin 7. Andreas Vesalius g. the Oedipus complex 8. Giorgio Vasari h. The Aeneid 9. Goya i. Fabrica 10. Percy Bysshe Shelley j. Prometheus Unbound 11. Alessandro Manzoni k. Critique of Pure Reason 12. Aleksander Pushkin l. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs 13. Immanuel Kant m. Encyclopédie 14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau n. the first to use the term Renaissance 15. René Descartes o. Institutes of the Christian Religion 16. Francis Bacon p. the supreme figure in scholasticism 17. Nicolaus Copernicus q. The Betrothed 18. Jean Racin r. The Social Contract 19. Diderot s. Phaèdra 20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart t. the founder of analytical geometry 21. Euclid [ ] (a) Eugene Onegin
22. da Vinci [ ] (b) Ten Commandments 23. Galileo [ ] ( c ) the Cantos 24. T.S. Eliot [ ] (d) Elements 25. Milton [ (e) Moll Flanders 26. Defoe [ ] (f) Last Supper
27. Pushkin [ ] (g) The Waste Land 28. Mozart [ ] (h) Paradise Lost
29. Moses [ ] ( i) The Marriage of Figaro 30. Ezra Pound [ ] (j) the Starry Messenger
21. Charlemagne [ ] (a) author of \"The Red and the Black\" 22. Raphael [ ] (b) Polish astronomer 23. Virgil [ ] (c) Emperor of the Romans 24. Copernicus [ ] (d) Dutch Baroque painter
25. Cromwell [ ] (e) author of the painting of Madonna 26. Rembrandt [ ] (f) Latin poet
27. Handel [ ] g) author of the poem \"London\" 28. William Blake [ ] (h) Ulysses
29. Stendhal [ ] (i) leader of the English revolution 30. James Joyce [ ] (j) composer of Messiah 21. Plato [ ] (a) the Society of Jesus
22. Dante [ ] (b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific 23. Ignatius [ ] (c) Dialogues 24. Bacon [ ] (d) the mazurkas
25. Engels [ ] e) The Counterfeiters 26. James Joyce [ ] (f) Faust
27. Shelley [ ] (g) the Divine Comedy
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28. Goethe [ ] (h) the Advancement of Learning 29. Chopin [ ] (i) Ulysses
30. Andre Gide [ ] (j) Prometheus Unbound
1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?
A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet. B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics. C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.
D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.
2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire
A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.
B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D. C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.
D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 3. The Bible has been regarded as __________. A. a religious book B. literature
C. record of great minds D. 'all of the above 4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________. A. a loosely organized religious institution B. a highly centralized European organization
C. a highly centralized and disciplined international organization D. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.
5. The Crusades were wars between __________. A. the Arabs and the Christian Pilgrims
B. the Turks and the Christians in Western Europe C. the Christians in Western Europe and the Moslems D. the Arabs and the Turks
6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________. A. feudal hierarchy of society B. divine power of feudal rulers C. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulers D. all of the above
7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________. A. What do I know?
B. I doubt therefore I think.
C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world. D. Only to stand out of my light.
8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________. A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope
B. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope C. explored the mouth of the Amazon D. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti
9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton
A. l,aw of inertia. B. Law of falting bodies.
C. Law of\" relativity. D. Law of universal gravitation.
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10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________.
A. the protection of private property B. the upholding of free thinking C. the abolishment of the rule of the church D. regulation of economy
11. Which of the following is\" not true about the developments of the Industrial Revolution?
A. The substitution of water power for human power. B. The introduction of machine.
C. The beginning of the factory system.
D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.
12. \"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. \"This is a remark made by __________.
A. Voltaire B. Rousseau C. Diderot D. Moliere
13. In the works of __________.one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason. A. Handel B. Haydn C. Bach D. Mozart
14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century
A. Don Juan B. Defence of Poetry C. Ode to a Nightingale D. Isles of Greece
15. Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.
A. the spirit of the French Revolution B. the spirit of Byronic heroes C. ideas of a moral nature D. the praise of natural beauty 16. __________. is considered to be the poet of the piano. A. Mozart B. Chopin C.Schubert D. Schumann
17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens? A. A Tale of Two Cities. B. The Mayor of Casterbridge. C. David Copperfield. D. Pickwick Papers.
18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________. A. O' Henry B. Jack London C. Mark Twain D. Maupassant
19. \"The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. \"The author of these lines was __________. A. William Faulkner B. Ezra Pound C. T. S. Eliot D. William Butler Yeats
20. __________.was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.
A. Sholokhov B. Tolstoy C. Chekhov D. Gorky 第二部分非选择题
In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or
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organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each) 2l. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse 22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics
23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan
24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time 25. Titian ( ) (e) Othello
26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations 27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession
28. Coleridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino 29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi
30. Descartes ( ) ( j ) Mathematical Principles Philosohy
Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each ) 31. What are the three styles in Greek architecture? 32. What was Marcus Cicero noted for?
33. What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture? 34. Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake?
35. What is the theory put forward by Copernicus in his work \"The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs\"
36. What is Montesquieu' s redefinition of law? 参考答案
I. 1.B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A II.A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B
17. E 18. D 19. B 20. D
11.21.8 22. b 23. e 24. i 25. h 26;a 27. j 28. e 29. d 30, f
m. 31. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style (or the masculine style), the Ionic style
(or the feminine style),and the Corinthian style.
32. Marcus Cicero was noted for his oratory and fine writing style.
33. The fusion and blending of different ideas and practices in the Middle ages paved the way for the development of what iv the present-day European culture. 34. Because Jan Hus attacked the abases of the church in his sermons and writings. 35. The theory put forward by Copernicus is that the sun, not the earth is the centre of the universe.
36. Montesquieu redefined law as the necessary relationships which derive from the nature of things.
Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points)
45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art?
45. The Renaissance art has the following distinctive features:
(1) Art broke away from the domination of the church. Artists who used to be
craftsmen commissioned by the church to paint the design became a separate strata like writers and poets doing noble and creative work.
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(2)Themes of paintings changed from purely celestial realm focusing on the stories of the Bible ,of God Jesus and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of nature and man. Even when the themes remained celestial, the heroes were given human qualities and given strong muscles and sinews Of man.
(3) The artists studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the principles of
ancient civilization into their works. They began to be supported by individual collectors.
(4) Artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective.
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